December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

Re: Quoting Portions of a Signed Document
by Brian B. Riley 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 On 11/26/97 5:15 AM, Bill Stewart (stewarts(a)ix.netcom.com) passed this wisdom: >But then Geiger brings out the other important point: >>Then what does the sub signature really tell you? Yes you can >>verify that the quote was written by someone but it may be taken >>completely out of context. How about when several blocks of text >>from different messages are combined. Each individual block checks >>out but by combining them the text has a completely different >>meaning than the original document. I haven't been follwing this thread that closely, but skimming mch of it and then rereading this whole post, I must concur that the context issue renders much of the discussion moot unless you can not only relate individual sub-blocks to the whole message it came from in the proper order ... it seems to me we are right back where we started, quoting referenced message(s) in entirety. It occurrs to me that if an issue is important enough that the veracity and autheticity of a given passage is that critical, including entire messages is of trivial concern. Now it could be handled by the discussion participant quoting out of context and 'footnoting' his quote with a message ID. The message corresponding to that ID has its entire text is signed and publicly stored and accessible. If it needs to be checked then go check it, if not take it on faith and read on. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: PGP for Personal Privacy 5.0 Charset: noconv iQA/AwUBNHyqacdZgC62U/gIEQK1cwCeNcgPSOPbXkzORDzB2lZsspiVoHIAoM8z MSxwS/JTthmm6T+mIzlqzcOn =2vlT -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Brian B. Riley --> http://www.macconnect.com/~brianbr For PGP Keys <mailto:brianbr@together.net?subject=Get%20PGP%20Key> "Strange women lying in ponds distributing swords is no basis for a system of government." -- author unknown

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Hayek Manufactures Freedom...
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text Date: Wed, 26 Nov 1997 13:18:41 -0500 Reply-To: Hayek Related Research <HAYEK-L(a)MAELSTROM.STJOHNS.EDU> Sender: Hayek Related Research <HAYEK-L(a)MAELSTROM.STJOHNS.EDU> From: Greg Ransom <Gregransom(a)AOL.COM> Subject: HAYEKWEB: J Powel on _The Road to Serfdom_ To: HAYEK-L(a)MAELSTROM.STJOHNS.EDU >> Hayek on the Web << "The Road to Serfdom Inside story of a 50-year phenomenon" (by Jim Powell, July 1994), on the Web at: http://www.lfb.org/fa7139.html >From "The Road to Serfdom Inside story of a 50-year phenomenon" by Jim Powell: "This year, much has been written about F.A. Hayek's enormously influential classic, _The Road to Serfdom_. But until now, no one has reported the inside story of how a few devoted friends of freedom helped get the book published in America, despite overwhelming hostility from publishers and the media. "Friedrich A. Hayek's The Road to Serfdom," political science professor Herman Finer fumed in 1946, reflecting collectivist orthodoxy of the time, "constitutes the most inopportune offensive against democracy to emerge from a democratic country for many decades." No doubt about it, _The Road to Serfdom_ was explosively controversial from the beginning, especially his case that all forms of collectivism lead to tyranny. The book was first published a half-century ago in Britain by Routledge, March 1944. Nobel Prize winning economist Ronald Coase recalls that during Britain's July 1945 parliamentary election campaign Winston Churchill cited Hayek in his dramatic campaign speeches, to help show that a Labor Party win would mean tyranny. Labor Party leader Clement Atlee ridiculed Hayek and defeated Churchill. Soon afterwards, Atlee began seizing coal, steel, railroads and other businesses .... Opposition to Hayek's ideas was fierce in the United States, and a number of publishers rejected the book. But there were friends of freedom who worked wonders. Hayek authorized fellow Austrian economist Fritz Machlup, then working in Washington, to try to find an American publisher, but he was unsuccessful. He gave a copy of the Routledge page proofs to University of Chicago economics professor Aaron Director who met Hayek in 1943 when both were teaching at the London School of Economics. Director passed the page proofs to Frank Knight, founding father of the "Chicago School." Knight apparently gave them to William T. Couch, a classical liberal friend at the University of Chicago Press which agreed to publish the book on September 18, 1944. But since nobody expected it would sell many copies, the initial printing was only 2,000. It was a little wartime edition about 4-7/8ths by 6-3/4 inches. To help the book gain a hearing, the publishers asked John Chamberlain, respected book editor for Harper's magazine and a devout libertarian, to write a foreword. His name appeared prominently on the cover. The initial reception was cool. On September 20, 1944, New York Times daily book reviewer Orville Prescott called it a "sad and angry little book." But then New York Times economics editorial writer Henry Hazlitt weighed in with a home run: a 1,500 word blockbuster review on the front page of the Sunday New York Times Book Review, September 24, 1944. Hazlitt declared that "Friedrich Hayek has written one of the most important books of our generation." The University of Chicago Press ordered another printing. The book sold 22,000 copies by year-end and sold this much again by spring 1945. Meanwhile, Reader's Digest editors DeWitt and Lila Acheson Wallace expressed interest in publishing an excerpt from the book, and the University of Chicago Press, eager to reach a popular audience, seems to have given away those rights for nothingHayek later remarked he never got a penny. In any case, The Road to Serfdom filled the first 20 pages of the April 1945 Reader's Digest under a banner headline drawn from Hazlitt's review: "One of the Most Important Books of Our Generation." This brought Hayek's story to about 8 million people in the U.S. alone. Subsequently, Book-of-the-Month Club distributed some 600,000 copies of a condensed edition. Sales records are incomplete, but there were a good many more printings after that, and the book eventually sold at least 230,000 copies in the U.S. Hayek went on a U.S. lecture tour, including prestigious places like Harvard University, and he decided he rather liked being a lightning rod for freedom. He expressed his views in popular publications like the Chicago Sun, Boston Traveler and New York Times Magazine. He met many friends of freedom with whom he was to collaborate in later years. Three dozen friends joined him to found the international Mont Pelerin Society. ... Today people around the world appreciate Hayek's profound truths which seemed so shocking half-century ago. We at Laissez Faire are proud to help distribute it in several dozen countries ... Contents: Introduction 1. The Abandoned Road 2. The Great Utopia 3. Individualism and Collectivism 4. The "Inevitability" of Planning 5. Planning and Democracy 6. Planning and the Rule of Law 7. Economic Control and Totalitarianism 8. Who, Whom? 9. Security and Freedom 10. Why the Worst Get on Top 11. The End of Truth 12. The Socialist Roots of Naziism 13. The Totalitarians in Our Midst 14. Material Conditions and Ideal Ends 15. The Prospects of International Order 16. Conclusion FA7139W The Road to Serfdom (paperback) 248p. $10.95" Hayek on the Web is a regular feature of the Hayek-L list. >> END << --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) Philodox e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' The e$ Home Page: http://www.shipwright.com/ Ask me about FC98 in Anguilla!: <http://www.fc98.ai/>

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Laissez Faire Books - Hayek catalogue
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text Date: Wed, 26 Nov 1997 14:09:27 -0500 Reply-To: Hayek Related Research <HAYEK-L(a)MAELSTROM.STJOHNS.EDU> Sender: Hayek Related Research <HAYEK-L(a)MAELSTROM.STJOHNS.EDU> From: Greg Ransom <Gregransom(a)AOL.COM> Subject: HAYEKWEB: Laissez Faire Books - Hayek catalogue To: HAYEK-L(a)MAELSTROM.STJOHNS.EDU >> Hayek on the Web << Laissez Faire Books -- Books by or about F. A. Hayek, on the web at: http://www.lfb.org/hayek.html >From the section 'F. A. Hayek': "THE ROAD TO SERFDOM by F.A. Hayek The classic warning of the dangers of government interventionism, it shows why state planning always undermines both political and economic freedom. It had a tremendous influence in the years after World War II. FA7139W The Road to Serfdom (paperback) 248p. $10.95 THE ESSENCE OF HAYEK edited by Chiaki Nichiyama and Kurt Leube How can a busy reader get a handle on such a prolific mind as that of F.A. Hayek? Here is a selection of essays representing the full range of his thought, drawn by two eminent Hayek scholars from the full body of his published writings. FA0118W The Essence of Hayek (paperback) 419p. $22.95 THE ECONOMICS OF FRIEDRICH HAYEK by G.R. Steele (St. Martin's Press, 1993/revised 1996) If one were to read only one book about Hayek, this should be it. Rather than criticizing Hayek's work, Steele aims to present an account of Hayek's work that is both comprehensive and concise. In this aim the author succeeds most admirably Karen I. Vaughn, Journal of Economic Literature FA7117W The Economics of F.A. Hayek (hardcover) 262p. $19.95 HAYEK AND AFTER Hayekian Liberalism as a Research Programme by Jeremy Shearmur Shearmur, who worked with philosopher Karl Popper and now teaches at the Australian National University, chronicles Hayek's amazing intellectual journey. He excels at describing how Hayek's ideas evolved over the years, talking about the striking transition from Hayek's early writings to his later writings on legal issues, the conflicts between Hayek's utilitarian views and his moral imperative for liberty, and he offers insightful comments about how Hayek grew more conservative in some ways, more libertarian in others. FA7060W Hayek and After (hardcover) 257p. Published at $65.00 LF PRICE ONLY $24.95 HAYEK ON HAYEK edited by Stephen Kresge and Leif Wenar Hayek himself tells the story of his long and controversial career through previously unpublished autobiographical notes and interviews. "The appeal of Hayek on Hayek, I readily admit, is all the gossip in it. Of course, since much of it is old gossip, and about famous people, it qualifies as history. But it is not the kind of history professors dole out to their students." Timothy Virkkala, Liberty FA6072W Hayek on Hayek (hardcover) 187p. $27.50 HAYEK: CO-ORDINATION AND EVOLUTION His Legacy in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas edited by Jack Birner and Rudy van Zijp This book assesses Hayek's wondrous intellectual achievements. Roger Garrison, Gerald O'Driscoll, Norman Barry, Jeremy Shearmur, and a host of others examine and illuminate Hayek's views on why bureaucrats cannot produce prosperity, why socialism suppresses liberty, what drives business cycles, the dynamics of money, how social institutions develop spontaneously, and a constitutional order to protect privacy and liberty. FA5979W Hayek: Coordination and Evolution (hardcover) 372p. Published at $65.00 LF PRICE ONLY $24.95 CONTENDING WITH HAYEK edited by Christoph Frei and Robert Nef Here a group of noted European and American scholars debate F.A. Hayek's most important ideas about a free society. John Gray, Hans- Hermann Hoppe, Anthony de Jasay and more focus on Hayek's social, political and legal philosophy, sometimes taking issue with each other on major questions as well as fine points. FA6342W Contending with Hayek (paperback) 228p. Published at $33.95 LF PRICE ONLY $24.95 THE IDEAS OF F.A. HAYEK narrated by Brian Crowley These audio tapes are probably the best introduction to the life and thought of F.A. Hayek that we're likely to get our hands on. The format for the tapes is a simple one: it is a two-part, two-hour radio documentary on Hayek produced for the Canadian Broadcasting Company. The narrator, Brian Crowley, introduces Hayek's life and ideas, and provides the continuity for the tapes. FA5452W The Ideas of F.A. Hayek (2 audiotapes) 2 hrs. $21.95 HAYEK, FREEDOM'S PHILOSOPHER written & produced by Eben Wilson While there are many great books on liberty, video material is hard to come by. This splendid three-part video series helps you better understand and explain his ideas which are changing the world for the better. FA6326W Hayek, Freedom's Philosopher (VHS video) 110 min. $49.95 HAYEK, THE IRON CAGE OF LIBERTY by Andrew Gamble Why did classical liberalism lose its appeal just as it triumphed? How did socialists convince large numbers of people that they were legitimate heirs to the glorious liberal tradition? Why did socialists "win" the debate about economic calculation? What was the link between socialism and Nazism? Why, having dismissed Hayek decades ago, do some socialists (they are still plenty lurking around) now turn to him as an idea man for the makeover they dream about? Gamble, a socialist professor of politics at the University of Sheffield, aims to answer these and many others questions as he reviews Hayek's prolific career and help put it in historical context. He's often annoying, because he never concedes the catastrophe of socialism, but he does do a good job of summarizing Hayek's views, he raises provocative issues, and he provides a picture of a sophisticated adversary wrestling with classical liberal ideas. In the process, he helps show how far we've come and how much farther we have to go. If we are to win the intellectual debates ahead, we must clearly understand what our adversaries are thinking. FA7381W Hayek, the Iron Cage of Liberty (paperback) 221p. $19.95" Hayek on the Web is a regular feature of the Hayek-L list. >> END << --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) Philodox e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' The e$ Home Page: http://www.shipwright.com/ Ask me about FC98 in Anguilla!: <http://www.fc98.ai/>

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Re: BXA denies my administrative appeal
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text X-Authentication-Warning: blacklodge.c2.net: majordom set sender to owner-cryptography(a)c2.org using -f Date: Tue, 25 Nov 1997 22:05:53 -0500 Comments: This message was remailed by a pseudonymous server. The operators have no way to determine the original sender. To contact the operator, write to <admin(a)anon.efga.org>. From: Miles Vorkosigan <miles_w(a)anon.efga.org> Subject: Re: BXA denies my administrative appeal Sender: owner-cryptography(a)c2.net To: undisclosed-recipients:; In message <v03007800b09f865249e2(a)[172.17.1.150]>, Rick Smith writes: > > I recently spoke informally with a couple of sub-Cabinet level officials on > crypto policy. Their comments indicated that the FBI et al are dominating > internal meetings on the subject with the same polarizing rhetoric they're > using in Congress. One official said that he was accused of intentionally > aiding terrorists at one of these meetings. During a recent application for crypto export approval, which should have been routine, we were contacted by an individual from the *FBI* (not from BXA) who refused our export license because we didn't have a key recovery system *in place now*. This is despite the facts that: - the export license was to use our strong cryptography products for communications between our international sales offices and head office; this used to be a rubber-stamp license, and - we are in the process of implementing key recovery technology as part of a a seperate export approval for our DES-56 products. I couldn't even get an answer as to why the FBI had jurisdiction over our export approval. -- Miles --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) Philodox e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' The e$ Home Page: http://www.shipwright.com/ Ask me about FC98 in Anguilla!: <http://www.fc98.ai/>

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Update On Jim Bell
by John Young 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Just a bit of new info about recent court actions, which is documented at: http://jya.com/jimbell-dock4.htm In short, on November 17 Jim's attorney (D') and the prosecutor (P') submitted Sentencing Memoranda to the Court. On November 21 (the previously scheduled sentencing date), D' presented a Supplement to Sentencing Memo. Both of D's memos were Filed Under Seal, but not the P's. On November 21 the Court acks receipt of the sentencing memoranda and a Pre-Sentencing Report (PSR) from the Probation Officer (PO). There was argument. The Court will present counsel with additional questions on sentencing. The sentencing is postponed (continued) until December 12. Jim, jail (D' remanded). Leg. wiz. w'll now expl. ths is just jive just. in No. 1 Amer.

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USACM Calls on Pres Clinton to Veto HR 2265
by USACM Washington Office 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

PRESS RELEASE TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1997 COMPUTER SCIENTISTS URGE PRESIDENT CLINTON TO VETO LEGISLATION RESTRICTING FLOW OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION Computer scientists fear that legislation rushed through in the closing days of Congress may inadvertently criminalize many scientific publications that are freely available on the Internet today. They are calling on the President to veto the measure. The Association for Computing's U.S. Public Policy Committee (USACM) said that the legislation could lead to criminal prosecutions against scientists, educators and others who do nothing more than share their own articles on the Internet with students and colleagues. According to USACM Chair Dr. Barbara Simons, "This legislation was hurried through Congress, was poorly drafted, and is likely to have many unintended consequences." The "No Electronic Theft Act" would criminalize the copying of materials which are currently protected under the well established U.S. doctrine of Fair-Use. According to the Act, any person who infringes a copyright willfully, by the electronic reproduction or distribution of one or more copies which have a total retail value of more than $1000 dollars, will be subject to a criminal prosecution. The scientists say that an essential element of research is that papers be reviewed by others. Scientists submit papers describing their research to scientific journals which facilitate the peer-review process. The journals then print the reviewed papers and thus own their copyrights. Since the Internet's development, researchers have used it to make their research widely available to others in their field. According to the letter, "Under the No Electronic Theft Act, an author who posts their research on the Internet, and whose documents are frequently read on-line, could be subject to criminal prosecution." USACM argues that the No Electronic Theft Act will have a chilling effect upon the free speech of scientists and professionals in universities and research labs. Universities may forbid scientists from publishing their research on- line, or reading and reviewing other scientist's research on-line, to avoid the potential of massive copyright litigation. According to Dr. Simons "This legislation is clearly contrary to the White House's stated goal of avoiding Internet regulation. We believe it is inconsistent with the Administration's policy to promote dramatically expansive laws for the Internet where other less burdensome means may be available to address copyright concerns." The Association for Computing (ACM) is the largest and oldest professional association of computer scientists in the United States. ACM's U.S. Public Policy Committee (USACM) facilitates communications between computer scientists and policy makers on issues of concern to the computing community. For more information, Please contact: Barbara Simons, Chair, USACM: 408/256-3661, simons(a)VNET.IBM.COM David Farber, USACM: 215/898-9508, farber(a)cis.upenn.edu Lauren Gelman, Associate Director, USACM, 202/544-4859, gelman(a)acm.org http://www.acm.org/usacm/copyright/ _____________________ November 25, 1997 President William J. Clinton 1600 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Washington, DC 20500 Dear President Clinton: The Association for Computing's U.S. Public Policy Committee believes that the "No Electronic Theft Act" (H.R. 2265), which is now before you, does not adequately reflect the nature of the new digital environment and will have a negative impact on the rich scientific communications that have developed on the Internet in many fields, including computer science. For this reason, we are asking you to veto the legislation. We agree that copyright holders have a legitimate need to protect their intellectual property. However, we are concerned that the bill was rushed through both Houses of Congress without careful consideration of its unintended consequences. We are concerned the Bill may: * Restrict scientists and other professionals from making their research available on the Internet for use by colleagues and students. Most scientists do not own the copyright on their own materials. Instead, that copyright ownership is retained by the scientific journal which peer-reviews and publishes the research. Under the No Electronic Theft Act, an author who posts their research on the Internet, and whose documents are frequently read on-line, could be subject to criminal prosecution. If the bill becomes law, scientists may have to choose between having their work peer-reviewed or making it widely available. * Criminalize the transfer of information that is currently protected under the U.S. 'fair use' doctrine. Copyright law is derived from the U.S. Constitution and is intended to advance "science and the useful arts." The fair-use doctrine protects reading and nonprofit copying and thus allows scientists and educators to openly exchange information. H.R. 2265 does not explicitly protect the "fair use" privilege which makes this open exchange of scientific information possible. * Chill free speech in universities and research labs. The terminology used in the Bill, including "willfully" and "for profit," are not defined; it is unclear what the parameters of a criminally prosecutable copyright infringement are. As a result, it is likely that many institutions will mandate that all copyrighted documents be removed from the net to avoid having to defend copyright infringement prosecutions. We hope that you will veto this measure and ask your staff to work with Congress during the next session to develop more sensible legislation. Sincerely, Dr. Barbara Simons Chair, U.S. Public Policy Committee Association For Computing The Association for Computing (ACM) is the largest and oldest professional association of computer scientists in the United States. ACM's U.S. Public Policy Committee (USACM) facilitates communication between computer scientists and policy makers on issues of concern to the computing community. cc: Vice President Albert Gore, Jr. Ira Magaziner, Senior Adviser to President Brian Kahin, Office of Science Technology and Public Policy. Henry J. Hyde, Chair, House Judiciary Committee John Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member, House Judiciary Committee Howard Coble, Chair, Courts and Intellectual Property Subcommittee, House Judiciary Committee Orrin G. Hatch, Chair, Senate Judiciary Committee Patrick J. Leahy, Ranking Member, Senate Judiciary Committee John Ashcroft, Chair, Constitution, Federalism and Property Rights Subcommittee, Senate Judiciary Committee Mike DeWine, Chair, Antitrust, Business Rights and Competition Subcommittee, Senate Judiciary Comittee Representative Virgil H. Goode Representative Barney Frank, House Judiciary Committee Representative Christopher Cannon, House Judiciary Committee Representative William Delahunt, House Judiciary Committee Representative Elton Gallegly, House Judiciary Committee Representative Bob Clement

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NEW TRAVEL INFO -- Togo (fwd)
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Forwarded message: >From owner-travel-advisories(a)stolaf.edu Wed Nov 26 03:44:15 1997 Date: Mon, 24 Nov 1997 11:27:10 -0500 From: owner-travel-advisories <owner-travel-advisories(a)stolaf.edu> Subject: NEW TRAVEL INFO -- Togo Sender: Wally Doerge <76702.1202(a)compuserve.com> To: travel-advisories(a)stolaf.edu Message-ID: <199711241131_MC2-2974-E60C(a)compuserve.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline Precedence: bulk STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Togo ============================================================ Togo - Consular Information Sheet June 20, 1997 Country Description: Togo is a small west African nation with a developing economy. Tourism facilities are limited, especially outside Lome, the capital city. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Proof of yellow fever immunization is required. Travelers should obtain the latest information and details from the Embassy of the Republic of Togo, 2208 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008. The telephone number is (202) 234-4212. Overseas inquiries should be made at the nearest Togo embassy or consulate. Areas of Instability: Togo has experienced periodic violence and strikes over the past five years. Although the situation has been calm since 1994, the potential exists for unsettled political conditions. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Togo are limited. Some medicines are available through local pharmacies. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/ Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. Travelers have found supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage to be useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Internet: http://www.cdc.gov. Information on Crime: Pickpocketing and theft is common, especially along the beach and in the market areas of Lome. There has been an increase in the reports of carjacking. Business fraud stemming from Nigerian scam operations target Americans and pose dangers of financial loss and physical harm. Persons contemplating business deals in Togo with individuals promoting investment in Nigeria, especially the Central Bank of Nigeria or the Nigerian National Petroleum Company, are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of Commerce or the U.S. Department of State before providing any information, making financial commitments, or traveling to Togo. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Togo, the penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Road Safety/Automobile Travel: Intercity roads are generally paved; however, conditions are poor and dangerous. Overland travel off the main network of roads generally requires a four-wheel drive vehicle. Poorly-marked armed checkpoints, often manned by undisciplined soldiers, exist throughout the country. Nighttime travel on unfamiliar roads is dangerous. Banditry, ranging from extortion by security forces to armed robbery, has been reported on all major intercity highways, including the Lome-Cotonou coastal highway. Credit Card Usage: Not all major credit cards are accepted in Togo. Travelers planning to use credit cards should be aware which cards are accepted before they commit to any transaction. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens are encouraged to register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy at the intersection of Rue Polisher Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome, telephone (228) 21-29-91, and to obtain updated information on travel and security in Togo. The Embassy's fax is (228) 21-79-52 and the mailing address is B.P. 852, Lome. No. 97-106 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 3, 1996, to update information on entry requirements and provide information on credit card usage. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories(a)stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request(a)stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories

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Re: The Policeman Inside
by Greg Broiles 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Kent Crispin wrote: >The whole notion of "the policeman inside" is stupid sloganeering. Of >*course* we have a policeman inside -- we have something that tells us >(at least some of us) that murder, theft, and dishonesty are >behaviors to be avoided. We have something that tells us (some of us) >it would be foolish to make a habit of running red lights. "The policeman inside" is neither a conscience nor an instinct towards self-preservation. I'm familiar with the term being used to refer to the internalization of a system of external rules, coupled with a belief in pervasive surveillance and/or the adoption of the viewpoint of an external supervisor, such that one with a "policeman inside" learns to fear punishment at every moment and in every situation. See, for example, Bentham's Panopticon or Foucault's _Discipline & Punish_ for more on the topic. Also, you may note that two of the three terms you used as examples of "wrong" behavior themselves imply judgments and a moral position - "theft" and "murder". Whether or not the taking of a physical thing is "theft" can be a complex question, that has a lot to do with contracts and agreements and socially constructed ideas about property. Similarly, "murder" is (to adopt a broad definition) an unlawful and intentional homicide - which, again, presupposes certain judgements about relationships between people. It's easy to say that "theft and murder are wrong", because wrongness is part of the meaning of the terms "theft" and "murder". It's much less satisfying to say something like "it's wrong to take things that someone else thinks they own, unless they're mistaken or you have a superior claim" or "it's wrong to shoot someone who didn't deserve to be shot". It's the creation of a "policeman inside" which causes people to lose their ability to make judgements about which people (if any) ought to be shot and which people deserve to keep their stuff. And that loss of the ability (cognitive and moral) is, I think, a direct cause of the very crimes (theft and murder) you mention. -- Greg Broiles | US crypto export control policy in a nutshell: gbroiles(a)netbox.com | Export jobs, not crypto. http://www.io.com/~gbroiles | http://www.parrhesia.com

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No Subject
by bureau42 Anonymous Remailer 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

May Timothy C[ocksucker] Maya's forgeries get stuck up his ass so he'll have to shit through his filthy mouth for the rest of its miserable life. /~~~\ {-O^O-} Timothy C[ocksucker] Maya \ o / (-)

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PGP 5.0 ConsensuS?? -- is it usable?
by goddesshera＠juno.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Do you think that it is a good idea to migrate from pgp 2.6.3 to pgp 5.0 now? This message was automatically remailed. The sender is unknown, unlogged, and nonreplyable. Send complaints and blocking requests to <goddesshera(a)juno.com>.

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