June 1994 - cypherpunks-legacy

Colorado Cypherpunks meeting
by nates＠netcom.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

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Re: CHAUM CHIMES IN
by cme＠ellisun.sw.stratus.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

>Date: 08 Sep 93 16:30:55 EDT >From: Sandy <72114.1712(a)CompuServe.COM> >Subject: CHAUM CHIMES IN >Message-Id: <930908203054_72114.1712_FHF95-2(a)CompuServe.COM> ..From: > SANDY SANDFORT Reply to: ssandfort(a)attmail.com [ . . . ] >Of course, the next letter to the editor calls for the adoption >of systems to track every vehicle at all times. The genius who >wrote the letter, thinks it would be a good way to prevent >nuclear, biological or chemical terrorism. Geeeeez. It was signed by Dorothy Denning, right? Actually, they should take that to its full conclusion. We need implants in every individual, broadcasting to the local surveillance agency, giving not only location but also every word spoken in the vicinity. It could also do a chemical analysis of the air in the neighborhood. It should also have a radiation counter. It should also monitor the host body, looking for signs of anger or sexual arousal? How else will we be guaranteed safe from mad bombers, rapists and child molesters? How else will our big budget LE agencies be able to protect us? I know. When it's finally adopted, worldwide, they'll call it the Ellison Plan. :-( - Carl

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Stegno and DAT and digital music...
by Peter Wayner 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

In this week's Sunday NYT, Hans Fantel, their music guy, writes at length about the new "dithered" CD's and how the guys have improved the sound. He says that the original CD format was limited to 16 bits of sound because of costs. But many audiophiles reacted very negatively to the tinny, metalic quality to the music. For this reason, the companies have developed 20 bit DAT recording tape and then come up with ways to "dither" this into 16 bits. I am curious if anyone knows the details of these algorithms. Also, his point suggests that flipping the least significant bit of 16 bit music may not be imperceptable to some ears. If the classical music starts to sound tinny then there might be something subversive in the least significant bits. -Peter Wayner

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Remail: errors
by HFinney＠shell.portal.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- I have been out of town for the last week, so I missed some CP mail. It looks like some good things are happening with remailers, though. Kudos to Karl, Sameer, and the others for their work! I have received many messages to my remailer in the last week which came from remail(a)tamsun.tamu.edu, which were PGP-encrypted apparently in an effort to get my remailer to send them. They did not work, though, because there was no "Encrypted: PGP" header to trigger the remailer's decryption. This can be arranged by creating the message something like this: ======================================================== :: Request-Remailing-To: hfinney(a)shell.portal.com :: Encrypted: PGP - -----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE----- <rest of message> - -----END PGP MESSAGE------ ======================================================== This would then be sent to remail(a)tamsun.tamu.edu. I don't know whether the multiplicity of such erroneous messages is just due to one person stubbornly re-trying, or whether there is an error in one of the new programs for creating chained remailer messages. Hal Finney hfinney(a)shell.portal.com -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.2 iQCVAgUBLJaNuKgTA69YIUw3AQHrNwQAowMEQwuH6YyHoj6T7AqZFLNdTf+eqJ9L LhAatHS94nmC1smkfVNq0dZmigmkvBdMNEPlBZemmxALz+KJw6OSY/ULSBmuVNEq 5rJANh3XimoJWqLISy2lZiuC5Fw2R7UvRadcdM94pncSVvev92Fyf7CqEOOtrGAK PUzRds7BVNo= =FpLa -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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more than spread spectrum
by cme＠ellisun.sw.stratus.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

There are alternatives to spread spectrum, if we're threatened with loss of freedom to communicate. We could lay our own wires/fibers. We could set up a mesh network of infrared lasers through the air. Last time I looked, there were no laws against shining lights out your window as long as they didn't bother anyone. An infrared laser could hardly bother anyone. We could produce a line of cheap cards to plug into a PC which would do packet routing, using a variety of physical links -- our own wires, lasers, very low range radio, .... Each card would connect to three or more neighbors and become part of the global mesh. Adaptive routing with no global map would suffice for the card and would keep the whole system peer-to-peer with no need for central control and no chance for central tapping. Of course all of these solutions require a high density of users. A college campus might be the right place to start. We could then branch out to cities. I suspect that a place like Chicago or NYC with high rise apartments might be the place to start -- many options for line-of-sight communications. The benefit isn't just for Cypherpunks. It's a free network for the masses -- like the original USENET (with each user donating routing and store/forward) but with unrestricted, low-range, continuously operating physical links. I'll volunteer to do the software for the node card. Does anyone have hardware design/fab to donate to the effort? - Carl

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Welcome to cypherwonks
by Majordomo＠Lists.EUnet.fi 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Welcome to the cypherwonks mailing list! If you ever want to remove yourself from this mailing list, send the following command in email to "Majordomo(a)Lists.EUnet.fi": unsubscribe cypherwonks Stanton McCandlish <mech(a)eff.org> Here's the general information for the list you've subscribed to, in case you don't already have it: This is the Cypherwonks mailing list Below is The Cypherwonk Charter, by L. Detweiler, Cypherwonk Janitor The cypherwonks are a splinter group from the cypherpunks also interested in promoting and implementing cryptographic technology. However, we have unique ideas on how to successfully implement these radical new capabilities to ensure privacy without encouraging criminal behaviors like forgery and `online predation'. We are also interested in a far more ambitious goal of `technological progress' that transcends a mere obsession with privacy and anonymity. The cypherwonks believe that many aspects of a identification and government are necessary and crucial for any social stability (particularly related to judicial and law enforcement systems), and are quite alarmed at talk about a `cryptoanarchy' resulting from the mere implementation of software protocols -- although we realize that radical new forms of government may appear with these new technologies, embodied in one term `Electronic Democracy'. We believe that while sometimes the `majority' can become a `tyranny', in general the idea of voting as a civilized way of resolving proposals and `one person, one vote' are sacred, and we are interested in implementing systems that promote interaction and collaboration among motivated and enthusiastic members, whether within the cypherwonk organization or within their nations (cypherwonks, of course, try to think free of local prejudices, and globally). Cypherwonks understand that *trust* and *honesty* are inherent in all human endeavors, *particularly* communication. We recognize that people trust others not to reveal our private email unless given permission, we trust others not to use information from our mail or about their identities to adverse aims, we trust that systems delivering mail will not be corrupted by criminals, or if they get caught there will be serious consequences, and many other explicit and implicit variations. We know that there are many ingenious ways of minimizing the amount of trust required in unknown components such as with the use of cryptography or pseudonyms, and we seek passionately to invent and use them, but at the root level, email is an exchange between human beings who trust each other. Therefore, we hold a sense of ethics and morality in strong reverence, and even though we're not always precisely sure what they entail, we know that they exist and we strive for the right ideal. We abhor the idea that `it's not wrong if you can get away with it' or other variations of moral relativism. Cypherwonks are also extremely interested in promoting and implementing `digital cash', but believe that while invariably the state's taxes tend to become burdensome, few civilized, technological societies are free of them, and certainly we do not advocate tax evasion, `black marketeering', or any other subversive or illegal activities through cryptographic techniques, and even beyond this we seek design protocols that discourage these subversive aims in general, because of their toxic, fragmentary effect on social unity. Cypherwonks recognize that our mailing list is extremely critical in coordinating our movement and our fellow members. It is our central nervous system. While the list is informal, we demand a professional atmosphere, and will privately object to people who are publicly rude or belligerent. But we are also extremely careful about what we say to each other in private, because people can be extremely influenced by what they receive in mail. We would be aghast and horrified to find that somebody viciously criticized someone in private mail based on public postings, for example. We place high value on being courteous to each other and minimizing disagreement where possible, forging consensus, and the art of diplomacy in surmounting political barriers. We trust each other on the list and in personal email. We wish to have an open, uplifting, inspiring, honest, representative, polite, respectful, egalitarian dialogue. We will never use the mailing list for personal or selfish reasons -- we strive to serve our fellow cypherwonks through our postings. We are what we claim to be. We abhor secrecy, `security through obscurity', and conspirational cliques. Cypherwonks are extremely interested in promoting some forms of anonymity. However, we do not necessarily believe that others are required to read anonymous postings. To the contrary, we believe that the individual should have the tools and freedom to filter his or her own mail based on real identities. In particular, we condemn the practice of `pseudospoofing,' the dangerous deception where a person builds up a pseudonym and misrepresents it as being that of a real person's identity. We police each other on the list to prevent it, and require a promise that our members refrain from it. While our trust can be betrayed, only those that are honest are true cypherwonks, and anyone who betrays our trust we consider a dishonist hypocrite, or worse, a tra *itor. Cypherwonks are extremely interested in building tangible systems. Engineers who love to discuss the nitty-gritty details of some scheme are at home on the cypherwonks list. We like to impress each other with our knowledge but at the same time state it in relevant and humble terms. We are not trying to win popularity contests with our postings. We are trying to accomplish ambitious endeavors. We are especially ecstatic to make connections with other cypherwonks interested in the same projects we are, and cooperating to build useful tools. We like to give status reports of our intermittent real-world meetings and

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moderated cryptography list
by pmetzger＠lehman.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Hello, all. I'm looking for a site willing to host a high-quality moderated cryptography mailing list which I am thinking of starting up. The list would be designed as a low volume, high readership, high quality source for 1) In-depth technical discussions of cryptography 2) Announcements of cryptographic products 3) Announcements of news items of interest to the cryptography community. 4) VERY limited numbers of postings on the social implications of cryptography, and I mean VERY limited. All postings would be explicitly approved by the moderator before going out to assure quality. Yes, that means fascistic restriction of your capacity for free speech, in exchange for not being overwhelmed with garbage every day. It is ultimately envisioned that should the list be a success I would try to move it to a moderated Usenet newsgroup. If you think that such a list is a Good Thing, and you can host it (which requires that you have a good internet connection and root access or similar on the machine in question), please let me know. I'll do all the work, and the crypto community will thank you tremendously. Perry Metzger

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Re: Anarchy Gone Awry (fwd)
by Black Unicorn 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

This post is a perfect example why the two lists should be kept seperate and not merged. This sounds to me like it belongs on alt.politics.data- highway. -uni- (dark)

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Crypto export legislation defeated in House Intelligence Cmte.
by Stanton McCandlish 16 Jun '94

16 Jun '94

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Crytography - Solution (long)
by ua532＠freenet.victoria.bc.ca 13 Jun '94

13 Jun '94

Iams Post. June 12/94 The plaintext messsage was "Leonard Euler Pi", which was deciphered by David Wagner of Princeton. It is Euler's Totient Function that is the mathematical basis for the RSA Cryptographic System, hence the message. The trailing "Pi" was included to minimize the possibility of a "lucky guess". The 'cheap' scientific calculator, referred to in the original posting, was an old Radio Shack EC-4024, programmable. The problem itself, however, was set up on a 386DX using MathCAD and Qbasic. Below, is a detailed method for deciphering the encrypted message, a brief explanation of some of the how's and why's, and a copy of the original problem posting. Thanx. David *------------------------------------------------------------------------* A Cryptographic Problem ---------------------------------> The Solution: *------------------------------------------------------------------------* N = p*q (p) and (q) both prime PUBLIC Phi(N) = (p-1)(q-1) Totient function (Euler) E = Integer (E)nciphering Key PUBLIC -1 D = E mod Phi(N) (D)eciphering key PRIVATE *-------* STEP #1: *------------------------------------------------------------------------* You're given: E = 2683 N = 83323 N = p*q (p) & (q) both prime By factoring: p = 97 q = 859 Then: Phi(N) = (97-1)(859-1) Phi(N) = 82368 *-------* STEP #2: *------------------------------------------------------------------------* -1 You're given: D = E mod Phi(N) DE = 1 mod Phi(N) 1 = DE mod Phi(N) Then: 1 = DE - (k * Phi(N)) Algebraic form of equation DE = 1 + (k * Phi(N)) D = 1 + (k * 82368) Where D must be integer --------------- E D = 1 + (k * 82368) --------------- 2683 Set k = 1,2,3, ... i Trial and error .. k = 10 D = 1 + (10 * 82368) ---------------- 2683 D = 307 !THIS IS THE DECIPHERING KEY! *------------------------------------------------------------------------* *-------* STEP #3: *------------------------------------------------------------------------* To recover the plaintext: D P = C mod N 1 1 307 P = 48284 mod 83323 See NOTE 1 1 P = 3805 1 Look up (38) and (05) in the encoding alphabet: M = L e 1 Repeat STEP #3 for the remaining (C)iphertext blocks to obtain: Message = L e o n a r d E u l e r P i Plaintext = 3805 1514 0118 0463 3121 1205 1863 4209 Ciphertext= 48284 65276 34353 19422 26879 31970 31567 52773 *-------* NOTE 1: *------------------------------------------------------------------------* 307 The number 48284 is very large, so break up the process and handle it piece meal as follows. 1 1 2 (C mod N)(C mod N) mod N = C mod N 2 1 3 (C mod N)(C mod N) mod N = C mod N 3 1 4 (C mod N)(C mod N) mod N = C mod N etc. 4 4 8 (C mod N)(C mod N) mod N = C mod N 8 8 16 (C mod N)(C mod N) mod N = C mod N 16 16 32 (C mod N)(C mod N) mod N = C mod N etc. Hint: (256+32+16+3) = 307 2 The largest number to be processed is then C , (11 digits) max. *------------------------------------------------------------------------* *------------------------------------------------------------------------* How it all works ........... and why! *------------------------------------------------------------------------* N = p*q (p) and (q) both prime PUBLIC Phi(N) = (p-1)(q-1) Totient function (Euler) E = Integer (E)nciphering Key PUBLIC -1 D = E mod Phi(N) (D)eciphering key PRIVATE 1 = ED mod Phi(N) See below !!! The sender enciphers her/his (P)laintext message, P, into (C)iphertext blocks using the published, public keys E and N, as follows, E E C = P mod N ---------> C mod N = P mod N The receiver deciphers the (C)iphertext blocks by using her/his private key D, and the public key N, as follows, D D ED P = C mod N ---------> C mod N = P mod N This is possible because the arithmetic performed in the exponent is done Phi(N), such that, Y (Y mod Phi(Z)) X mod Z = X *------------------------------------------------------------------------* D ED (ED mod Phi(N)) So: C mod N = P mod N = P But: ED mod Phi(N) = 1 See above !!! D ED 1 So: C mod N = P mod N = P The Original Plaintext Block! *------------------------------------------------------------------------* It is Euler's Totient Function that makes it all work. Hence the message. *------------------------------------------------------------------------* *------------------------------------------------------------------------* A Crytographic Problem May 22, 1994 David J. Snook *------------------------------------------------------------------------* There has been a great deal of media discussion, about Clipper Chips, information privacy, and the "cracking" of RSA-129. This problem is designed around the underlying mathematics of modern crytographic systems: RSA, in this particular case. (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) The security of these systems is based on the fact that very large numbers (200 digits) are very difficult and time consuming to factor. The numbers associated with this problem are very small, in crytographic terms, and therefore provide little or no security from the amateur crypt-analyst. In fact, this problem can be solved with paper, pencil and a "cheap" scientific calculator. Below, is a line of ciphertext, two(2) public keys, followed by the procedures and equations used to encipher and decipher the message. The problem ........ What was the original message? C C C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ciphertext= 48284 65276 34353 19422 26879 31970 31567 52773 Key #1 N= 83323 Key #2 E= 2683 *--------------------* Procedures & Equations *------------------------------------------------------------------------* N = p*q (p) and (q) both prime PUBLIC Phi(N) = (p-1)(q-1) Totient function (Euler) E = Integer (E)nciphering Key PUBLIC -1 D = E mod Phi(N) (D)eciphering key PRIVATE Enciphering was done, two(2) characters at a time, using the encoding alphabet listed below to form (P)laintext blocks. Each block was then raised to the power of E modulo N to produce the blocks of (C)iphertext. There are eight(8) blocks of (C)iphertext with each containing exactly two(2) characters. E E E C = P mod N , C = P mod N , ........ C = P mod N 1 1 2 2 8 8 Deciphering is accomplished by raising each (C)iphertext block to the power of D modulo N. This recovers the (P)laintext blocks and hence the original message text. D D D P = C mod N , P = C mod N , ........ P = C mod N 1 1 2 2 8 8 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------* *---------------* Encoding alphabet *-------------------------------------------------------------------------* a = 01 b = 02 c = 03 d = 04 e = 05 f = 06 g = 07 h = 08 i = 09 j = 10 k = 11 l = 12 m = 13 n = 14 o = 15 p = 16 q = 17 r = 18 s = 19 t = 20 u = 21 v = 22 w = 23 x = 24 y = 25 z = 26 A = 27 B = 28 C = 29 D = 30 E = 31 F = 32 G = 33 H = 34 I = 35 J = 36 K = 37 L = 38 M = 39 N = 40 O = 41 P = 42 Q = 43 R = 44 S = 45 T = 46 U = 47 V = 48 W = 49 X = 50 Y = 51 Z = 52 0 = 53 1 = 54 2 = 55 3 = 56 4 = 57 5 = 58 6 = 59 7 = 60 8 = 61 9 = 62 = 63 . = 64 , = 65 ; = 66 ? = 67 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------* Plaintext example *---------------* Message = S i r I s a a c N e w t o n Plaintext = 4509 1863 3519 0101 0363 4005 2320 1514 P P P P P P P P ... P 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 k *-------------------------------------------------------------------------* -- David J. Snook.................................ua532(a)freenet.victoria.bc.ca

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