December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

Re: Bank transactions on Internet
by E. ALLEN SMITH 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

From: IN%"watt(a)sware.com" "Charles Watt" 16-APR-1996 13:06:06.52 >First, the U.S. banking system is very nice to account holders. The banks, >rather than the customers, assume all risk associated with security problems >in telephone banking, ATMs, etc... Internet banking is no different, which >explains why so few banks have jumped onto the net with real transactions. >If an SFNB customer should lose any funds due to a security problem, SFNB >pays, not the customer. That would depend on whether the customer can prove a security problem, because otherwise you're going to get a lot of con artists making a lot of money off of you. >Second, in order to break the SSL-protected password of an SFNB account >holder, you need access to the encrypted data. This is not easy to obtain >over the Internet, and would generally require illegal activity in order >to gain control of a host within the Internet infrastructure or collusion >with the account holder. Should an attacker crack the key and obtain >the account number and password of an SFNB account holder, they are clearly >warned upon login that they are engaging in illegal activity. Once they One, ever heard of a packet sniffer? If the account holder is on an Intranet, then someone within it could easily get such information. Two, somehow I suspect that the penalties for computer breakins are significantly less than those for bank fraud/grand theft; they aren't going to matter if you're willing to take the risk. >have logged in, there is no way to transfer money out of the account >without leaving a target address and phone number for the recipient. >Furthermore, any payment to an individual or unknown entity would be >made in the form of a physical check that would have to be cashed at >a physical bank. The whole process is heavily audited with real-time >audit filtering and pattern matching capabilities -- SFNB is, afterall, >running on a military grade secure operating system (see SWP at >www.secureware.com) Any security system that is deployed should be >compared against the value you are trying to protect. It seems like a >pretty big risk to an attacker -- and I assure you SFNB will prosecute. Target address and phone number? Make fake ID, get yourself a PO box and a telephone forwarding/answering service (giving the PO box as the address), then target it there. Use the fake ID at a check-cashing place. You can make the fake ID in whatever name you want, which makes it easier. >Finally, I whole-heartedly agree that 40-bit encryption is far too weak >for many applications, and that the current export limitations are absurd. I'm glad you realize that. I've edited out what look to be improvements, which I hope for your stockholders' sake you've implemented. -Allen

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Yahoo Internet Life on E-Cash
by Alan Olsen 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

The latest issue of "Yahoo Internet Life" has a listing of e-cash sites. There are only five of them, but what do you expect... The sites are referenced and reviewed at: http://www.zdnet.com/yil/content/profit/shop/cash1.html --- | Remember: Life is not always champagne. Sometimes it is REAL pain. | |"The moral PGP Diffie taught Zimmermann unites all| Disclaimer: | | mankind free in one-key-steganography-privacy!" | Ignore the man | |`finger -l alano(a)teleport.com` for PGP 2.6.2 key | behind the keyboard.| | http://www.teleport.com/~alano/ | alano(a)teleport.com |

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ADULT VIDEOS
by 00896450＠hyperway.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

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Money Laundering Conference with Government Types
by E. ALLEN SMITH 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

I thought people might find interesting the following conference that I located at http://www.oceanlaw.com/20/conf/ml.htm. Know thine enemy, and all that. It has a section on Digital Cash (note the title includes "Cyberpayments"). -Allen [IMAGE] _OCEANA PUBLICATIONS, INC._ _in cooperation with the_ _Centre for International Financial Crimes Studies_ _Centre for Government Responsibility, College of Law, University of Florida_ [IMAGE] [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Money Laundering, Cyberpayments, Forfeiture, The Global Mafias, Offshore Investments, Securities, Corporate Security and International Financial Crimes [IMAGE] _A Unique Opportunity For_ Bankers * Compliance Officers Investors * Public Officials Accountants * Money Transmitters International Bankers * Attorneys Law Enforcement Officials * Securities Brokers _CLE/CPE Credit_ An Invitation from Fletcher N. Baldwin, Jr., Professor of Law and Director of the Centre for International Financial Crimes Studies, and Robert J. Munro, Program Coordinator and Co-Director of the Centre for International Financial Crimes Studies. _It's not enough to BE clean -- You must also LOOK clean._ Money Laundering and Asset Forfeiture are critical consequences for the banks, attorneys, securities dealers and corporations, both domestic and international, who may be inadvertently in non-compliance. _Our program will give you:_ A clear understanding_ _of the _existing, new and pending initiatives_ against Money Laundering. The necessary skills to _build or objectively trouble-shoot your own compliance program_ by enhancing your knowledge of your customers. _The latest Money Laundering schemes and how they are created_ to circumvent regulatory and compliance initiatives -- which may put you and/or your clients at risk. The skills to _develop strategies which identify and secure your assets _ and presence in the global banking community. An understanding of the _complex and subtle variances which exist in different countries and regions_. __Full Access to the Experts!__ Our program has been designed to afford you interaction with our international faculty of experts, and to ensure you a full-range perspective on the latest issues surrounding Money Laundering, Asset Forfeiture and White Collar Crime. _Ask questions and probe the speakers further_ -- each panel will open up into a question and answer discussion -- learn from the leading decision makers! _Make sure that specific interests are addressed!_ Submit questions in advance to ensure coverage, your confidentiality is guaranteed. Join our _Open Forum_ discussions for a dynamic _exchange of ideas. _ Make sure your position is heard! MONEY LAUNDERING, CYBERPAYMENTS, FORFEITURE, THE GLOBAL MAFIAS, OFFSHORE INVESTMENTS, SECURITIES, CORPORATE SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CRIMES WEDNESDAY, MAY 15, 1996 6:00-8:00 PM _PRE-CONFERENCE REGISTRATION, MARRIOTT MARQUIS IN NEW YORK CITY, NY_ THURSDAY, MAY 16, 1996 7:30 AM _REGISTRATION AND CONTINENTAL BREAKFAST_ 8:15 _WELCOMING REMARKS AND INTRODUCTION_ Professor Fletcher N. Baldwin Robert M. Morgenthau The Hon. Jack B. Weinstein 8:35 _CYBERPAYMENTS, SMART CARDS, DIGITAL CASH, CYBERBANKING AND ECONOMIC CRIME_ _* The Electronic/Criminal Threat to Bankers, Business, and Securities Firms_ * INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES AND &QUOT;STING&QUOT; OPERATIONS * EMERGING PATTERNS OF MONEY LAUNDERING SPEAKERS: Dan Soto, Moderator Thomas Firnhaber Bob Kaimin Ezra C. Levine 9:30 _COFFEE BREAK_ 9:45 _THE GLOBAL MAFIAS, MONEY LAUNDERING AND POLITICAL CORRUPTION_ * STRATEGIC ALLIANCES BETWEEN THE MAFIAS * THE EASTERN EUROPE AND RUSSIAN MAFIAS * ASIAN ORGANIZED CRIME: THE TRIADS AND THE YAKUSA _*The Drug Cartels and Narco-States in Central and South America and Russia_ * THE DECLINE OF NATION-STATES * POLITICAL INTEGRITY _Speakers_: Dr. Barry A. K. Rider, Moderator Ronald K. Noble Professor Fletcher N. Baldwin, Jr. 10:45 _OFFSHORE DOMICILES AND TAX PLANNING_ * INTERNATIONAL AND ESTATE TAX PLANNING * ASSET PROTECTION PLANNING * COMPARISON OF OFFSHORE DOMICILES _ __Speaker:_ Walter H. Diamond David Neufeld 12:00 _LUNCHEON_ 1:30 _KEYNOTE SPEAKER: RAYMOND W. KELLY; FORMER NEW YORK CITY POLICE COMMISSIONER, AND PRESIDENT, INVESTIGATIVE GROUP INTERNATIONAL, NY (INVITED) _ 2:15 _WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A BSA AUDIT AND FEDERAL INVESTIGATIONS: OPERATIONAL DEFENSES FOR BANKERS, TRANSMITTERS, AND BUSINESSES_ * KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER * THE NEW CURRENCY TRANSACTION REPORT * SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY REPORT * EXEMPTIONS REQUIREMENTS: MANDATORY OR DISCRETIONARY * BSA EXAMINATION MANUAL * CMP DELEGATED AUTHORITY * BSA EXAMINATIONS: TEST DRIVEN; PROCEDURES REVIEW * UPDATE ON WIRE TRANSFERS REGULATIONS * STATE OF NEW YORK REVIEW _ __Speakers:_ Susan Galli_, _Moderator Richard A. Small John Shockey 3:30 _COFFEE BREAK_ 3:45 _CORPORATE AND BANK SECURITY, INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE _ _ __Speakers:_ Dr. Barry A. K. Rider, Moderator Michael F. Zeldin 4:30 _OPEN FORUM AND EXCHANGE OF IDEAS _ 5:15 _COCKTAIL RECEPTION (CASH BAR)_ FRIDAY, MAY 17, 1996 7:30 AM _CONTINENTAL BREAKFAST_ 8:00 _WORKSHOP FOR BANKERS AND MONEY TRANSMITTERS: REPORTING REQUIREMENTS, CTR FORM, CMIR FORM, FORM 8300, SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY REPORT, WIRE TRANSFERS_ SPEAKERS: Amy G. Rudnick Ezra C. Levine 8:45 _A REGULATOR'S ROLE IN SUPERVISION OF BANKS AGAINST MONEY LAUNDERING _ SPEAKER: William A. Ryback 9:30 _NEW YORK - ORGANIZED AND ECONOMIC CRIME_ SPEAKERS: Mary Jo White John Moscow James D. Herbert 10:30 _COFFEE BREAK_ 10:45 _SECURITIES FRAUD, MONEY LAUNDERING, INSIDER DEALING AND MARKET MANIPULATION_ _ __Speakers:_ William McLucas G. Philip Rutledge Dr. Barry A. K. Rider 10:45_ OPEN FORUM AND EXCHANGE OF IDEAS_ 12:00 _LUNCHEON_ 1:15 _KEYNOTE SPEAKER: STANLEY E. MORRIS, DIRECTOR, FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, U. S. TREASURY, WASHINGTON, DC_ 2:00_ STRATEGIES TO FIND AND RECOVER ASSETS WITH FOCUS ON INSURANCE AND BUSINESS FRAUD_ _ __Speaker:_ Dr. Barry A. K. Rider 2:45_ COFFEE BREAK_ 3:00_ BANK SECRECY ACT: 1996 UPDATE_ * 1995-1996 STATUTORY AND REGULATORY CHANGES * PROPOSED CHANGES IN 1996 _ __Speakers:_ Peter Djinis Dan Soto 3:30 _UPDATE ON FOREIGN BANKING ISSUES_ SPEAKER: William A. Ryback 4:00 _THE FAIRNESS OF CIVIL FORFEITURE AND DOUBLE JEOPARDY ISSUES: A REVIEW OF RECENT AND UPCOMING U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS ON FORFEITURE AND MONEY LAUNDERING_ * DEGEN V. UNITED STATES, 95-173 (CERT. GRANTED, JAN. 12, 1996) * UNITED STATES V. URSERY, 95-345 (CERT. GRANTED, JAN. 12, 1996) _* United States v. $405,089.23/100, 95-346 (Cert. granted, Jan. 12, 1996)_ * BENNIS V. MICHIGAN, ARGUED NOVEMBER 29, 1995 * LIBRETTI V. UNITED STATES, 64 U.S.L.W. 4005 (NOV. 7, 1995) _ __Speaker:_ Professor Fletcher N. Baldwin, Jr. 4:30 _OPEN FORUM AND EXCHANGE OF IDEAS_ CLOSING REMARKS: PROFESSOR FLETCHER N. BALDWIN, JR. 5:15 _ADJOURNMENT_ DISTINGUISHED FACULTY _Professor Fletcher N. Baldwin, Jr._, Conference Chairperson, Professor of Law and Director of the Centre for International Financial Crimes Studies, College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, Co-Author, Money Laundering, Asset Forfeiture and International Financial Crimes _Walter H. Diamond_, United Nations Tax Treaty and Free Trade Zone Advisor, Senior Vice- President, Offshore Institute, Editor, Economist, Author, International Tax Treaties of All Nations _Peter Djinis_, Director, Office of Regulatory and Enforcement, Law Enforcement, Under Secretary for Enforcement, Department of the Treasury, Washington, DC _Thomas Firnhaber_, Policy Advisor, Office of Financial Institutions Policy, FinCEN, U.S. Treasury, Washington, DC _Susan Galli_, Vice President, Citibank, N.A., New York, NY _James D. Herbert_, Chief, Organized Crime Strike Force Unit, U.S. Attorney's Office,Boston, MA _Bob Kaimin_, Senior Advisor, Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC _Raymond W. Kelly_, U.S. Treasury Under Secretary for Enforcement Nominee, Former New York City Police Commissioner, and President, Investigative Group International, New York, NY _Ezra C. Levine_, Attorney at Law, Howrey & Simon, Ad hoc Industry Group of Nonbank Money Transmitters, Washington, DC _William McLucas_, Director of Enforcement, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC _Robert M. Morgenthau_, District Attorney, New York, NY _Stanley Morris_, Director, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, U.S. Treasury, Washington, DC _John Moscow_, Assistant District Attorney, County of New York, NY _Dr. Robert J. Munro_, Conference Co-Chairman and Program Coordinator, Co-Director of the Centre for International Financial Crimes Studies, College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, Co-Author, Money Laundering, Asset Forfeiture and International Financial Crimes _David Neufeld_, Attorney at Law, Hill Wallach, Princeton, NJ _Dr. Barry A. K. Rider_, Director, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge University, England _Amy G. Rudnick_, Of Counsel, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, Washington, DC _G. Philip Rutledge_, Deputy Chief Counsel, Pennsylvania Securities Commission, Philadelphia, PA _William A. Ryback_, Associate Director for International Supervision, Federal Reserve Board of Governors, Washington, DC _John Shockey_, Special Assistant, Enforcement and Compliance Division, U.S. Office of the Comptroller of Currency, Washington, DC _Richard A. Small_, Special Counsel, Division of Banking, Supervision and Regulation, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC _Dan Soto_, Senior Special Examiner, Division of Banking, Supervision and Regulation, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC _The Hon. Jack B. Weinstein_, Senior Federal Judge of the Southern District of New York, NY _Mary Jo White_, U.S. Attorney, Southern District of New York, NY _Michael F. Zeldin_, Managing Director and General Counsel, Decision Strategies, Washington, DC and Former Chief, Money Laundering Section, Department of Justice, Washington, DC CONFERENCE DETAILS _Marriott Marquis, New York, New York_ - A block of rooms has been reserved at a discounted nightly rate of $189. To register at the hotel please contact the reservations department at1-800-843-4898 (local number is 212-398-1900) or fax to 212-704-8969, and mention the group name: "Money Laundering/Oceana.". The New York Marriott Marquis is located at1535 Broadway, New York City, New York, 10036. _Travel Discounts (Hotel, Airfare)_ - For travel discount information contact Chappaqua Travel at 1-800-666-5161 or 914-238-5151 or fax to 914-238-5533. Please refer to the group name: "Money Laundering/Oceana." _Tax Deduction of Expenses_ - An income tax deduction may be allowed for expenses of education (including travel, meals & lodging) undertaken to maintain and improve professional skills (see Treasury Ref. 1-162-5; Coughlin v. Commissioner, 203 F. 2d 307). Co-sponsor of the Conference is the Centre for International Financial Crimes Studies, Center for Government Responsibility, College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. _Continuing Education Credit: _ __Attorneys, Accountants, Bankers, Fraud Investigators__ - Continuing Legal Education Credits where applicable, are available upon request. For specific information about CLE or other professional accreditation, contact Robert Munro, University of Florida at 904-392-0417,_ prior_ to the conference. _Cancellations Policy_ - Refunds for registrations cancelled up to ten working days before the Conference will be reduced by a non-refundable administration fee of $125. _Program Confirmation_ - Written confirmation of your registration will be sent to you upon receipt. Please bring it with you to the Conference as proof of registration. If you do not receive the confirmation notice prior to the Conference, please call Oceana at (914) 693-8100 at least 48 hours in advance to confirm that your registration was received. _Conference Course Materials _- Course materials, developed and prepared by the Conference Faculty Sponsors, are included with the price of registration. _Payment_ - Registration Fees are payable by CREDIT CARD (American Express/Mastercard/Visa), CHECK (Payable to Oceana Publications, Inc., payable in U.S. dollars and drawn on a bank physically located in the U.S.), or by WIRE TRANSFER_ _(add $25 to the registration fees for banking processing charges and make payment to Bank of New York, 138 Mamaroneck Ave., White Plains, NY 10601 USA; Account # 670-9198651; Bank of New York ABA # 021000018.) Registration fees do not include transportation or hotel accommodations. Conference fees do include scheduled breakfasts, coffee breaks and luncheons as well as course materials. DON'T MISS OUT ON THIS INCREDIBLE OPPORTUNITY. REGISTER NOW -- SEATING IS LIMITED! CALL OCEANA'S INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS DIVISION _toll free at 1-800-831-0758 or 1-914-693-8100 (outside the U.S.) for more information._

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Tracking Internet Infrastructure
by E. ALLEN SMITH 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

From: IN%"rre(a)weber.ucsd.edu" 14-APR-1996 07:00:37.86 From: Phil Agre <pagre(a)weber.ucsd.edu> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= This message was forwarded through the Red Rock Eater News Service (RRE). Send any replies to the original author, listed in the From: field below. You are welcome to send the message along to others but please do not use the "redirect" command. For information on RRE, including instructions for (un)subscribing, send an empty message to rre-help(a)weber.ucsd.edu =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= Date: Fri, 12 Apr 1996 22:35:54 -0400 (EDT) From: Gordon Cook <gcook(a)tigger.jvnc.net> Tracking Internet Infrastructure: A Handbook on Business, Technology & Structural Issues Reshaping the Landscape of the Commercial Internet An Anthology of Recent Articles from The COOK Report The Internet has undergone huge changes in the year since the NSFnet backbone service was turned off. It has become a much larger, more stratified, and more expensive entity within which to operate. Since last September we have published a series of articles examining these changes in depth. We have concluded that it might be useful to gather them together into a single volume which is titled Tracking Internet Infrastructure: an organized, indexed Handbook on Internet Infrastructure Issues. This Handbook covers the following critical range of issues: * interviews with key industry players about viable Internet business models, * the hierarchical organization of ISPs through CIDR and routing pressures, * to the viability of the NAPS; * to renumbering and ownership of IP addresses; * to strains on backbone routers and backbone network redesign with switched cores; * to industry views on quality of service issues; to issues of settlements and route charging; * to issues of bandwidth availability in network design; and to ATM as technology savior or dinosaur. The rest of this message contains: (1) Our introduction to the Handbook (2) The Handbook table of contents (3) Description of the Handbook's audience (4) Price and ordering information 1. Introduction A Summary of the Operational Environment Power Consolidates at the Top of a Hierarchical Internet Less than three years ago, at about one twentieth its current size, the topology of the Internet was relatively flat. Service providers could attach to each other via the NSFnet backbone or CIX router and, for the most part, they could consider themselves plugged directly into the Internet with no one up stream of them. This meant that no one was in a position to dictate to them a multiplicity of rules, regulations and costs as part of providing Internet service. One paid the leased line costs for one's own backbone and, in the case of research and education, was connected to the NSFnet backbone for free. The R&E networks paid ANS a transit fee for their commercial customers. If the service provider were commercial, it joined the Commercial Internet Exchange and interconnected at the CIX router for the princely sum of $45,000 a year ($10,000 membership fee, $5,000 port fee and about $20,000 for T-1 line to the CIX. Or one was a downstream customer of Sprint and relied on Sprint to deliver one's packets to the CIX router without having to pay the CIX membership fee. Over the period of about a year Sprint, by allowing ISPs to resell connectivity, and by giving all ISPs downstream of it connectivity to the rest of the Internet Universe, created a situation where customers of Sprint received most of the benefits given those ISPs that connected directly to the CIX router. Some ISPs were shocked in mid summer of 1994 when the CIX proposed that those packets of SprintUs resellers who didn't pay the CIX fee would be blocked. Since then, as the Internet has grown by more than an order of magnitude in size, the importance of the NSFnet and CIX interconnects has either disappeared or faded. A very hierarchical Internet has emerged. One can have several levels of upstream service providers. Such service provision ends at a traffic exchange point known either as a NAP or a MAE. Address space in the form of IP numbers is no longer handed out the interNIC to all ISPs. To get address space direct from the interNIC, you have to do one of two things: (1) show that you have no one up stream. The only way to do that is to directly connect to a NAP or MAE and preferably to more than one. This level of the hierarchy is reached by perhaps 40 of about 2,400 ISPs nation wide. Or (2) an ISP can multi-home (take a connection from two different backbone providers). Perhaps four to five hundred ISPs are multi-homed. But even a multi-homed ISP is unlikely to get interNIC address space, unless it can demonstrate a rapid rate of growth. Connecting at a NAP or MAE, in an effort to put one's own operating environment under one's direct control, is very expensive. Unlike the $45,000 CIX fee the minimum annual cost is $100,000 and up. Once there, providers have to pay additional sums of money to those still higher in the hierarchy to see that their packets are delivered. These sums of money are known as transit fees. Multi-homing is obviously much less expensive. But even at traffic exchange points (NAPs or MAEs) there are additional hierarchies. Some find others who will peer with them. That is to say, they will engage in cost-free transit for a certain percentage of those attached. Those at the peak of the hierarchy are the six service providers who are believed to engage in cost free peering and transit with each other - MCI, SPRINT, UUNET, ANS, PSI and AGIS. These six operate the default free core of the American Internet. Exchange of routing information among them is supposed to be complete, so that none need say: if your routers don't have address XYZ, send packets by default to the next large central player, in the hope that his routers will know. Virtually everyone else is, in one sense or another, a customer of these top six. BBN is a special case. MCI carries all of BBN's routes. Consequently in this sense BBN which is as large as UUNET and certainly much larger than AGIS, is a customer of MCI. We expect this to change by year's end when AT&T fully deploys the network for its partnership with BBN. [Editor's Note: when we fact checked this assertion with sources at BBN we were told that BBN is putting its own national T-3 backbone in place, that significant parts are now operational, that it is at MAE East, MAE West and the Sprint NAP, that it peers with PSI, UUNET, ANS and others, and that its transit relationship with MCI is to reach MCI customers and any Internet sites not directly reachable via its peers.] Those who are able to buy transit at a NAP gain by this action gain the ability to ensure it to their downstream (ISP) customers. In other words transit rights are generally resellable. In this sense, those who purchase transit at the NAPs or MAEs are as fully connected to the core Internet as the big six - with one critical exception. They are renting their core connectivity for a hefty monthly price and without the protection of a long term lease. Readers however should avoid generalizations. Transit agreements are very private, never talked about openly and vary widely on a case-by-case basis. IP Numbers and Other Indicators of Hierarchy Another way of describing the top of the hierarchy is to point out that all six get their IP numbers directly from the interNIC and hand out numbers lower on down in the IP hierarchy to those connected to them. But this hierarchy is not uniformly rigid. The rule of thumb of your upstream provider as a source of IP numbers has some notable exceptions. For example: of the remaining approximately 35 providers which are directly connected to one or more of the major NAPs or MAEs, most get some of their IP numbers direct from the interNIC while others are derived from being attached at some point or in some way to one or more of the central seven. Finally, as we indicated above, the several hundred ISPs who are multi-homed also get their numbers from the interNIC, as may ISPs who can demonstrate extremely rapid downstream growth. An ISP without IP addresses is worthless, since the only thing making it possible to connect an individual to the Internet is the IP number that tells others how to find him. The hierarchy of the Internet is now such that about 80% of service providers must get their addresses directly from their backbone vendors who are often also their competitors. These address blocks are referred to as CIDR blocks. We have recently written extensively about them. Until the fall of 1995 large ISPs were able to connect to one or two NAPs and sometimes negotiate cost free peering. As an option they could then buy transit to the other five from one of the big six. During the past 90 days this has changed. Reports reaching us indicate that cost free peering is available only to those connecting at T-3 speed to three or more NAPS a task that will cost an ISP well over $300,000 a year. But even those who do this will find that there is nothing that will force everyone at each NAP to which they connect to peer with them. If one or more of the majors refuses to peer with a newcomer, that newcomer will have to buy transit to that major from one of those with which it peers or be in the awkward position of being unable to reach a significant part of the Internet. For most of 1995 an ISP connecting to a NAP could by transit for $5 to 15 thousand dollars a month from one of the seven. But reports reaching us now indicate that the six have effectively eliminated the purchase of transit from them as an option for domestic ISPs. These developments effectively shut off connection to a major NAP as a means for an ISP to operate from the top of the Internet hierarchy. The only ISPs that may even attempt to do so now are those with upwards of $500,000 a year to spend on the adventure. In the meantime the NAPs themselves are developing a hierarchy. MAEs either are opening or have opened in Los Angeles, Texas, Chicago and New York. Without the presence of at least the big six at these NAPs, all they are good for is exchanging local traffic among local ISPs and keeping loads on long haul backbones down. The Issue of IP Portability When a customer changes phone service from AT&T to MCI, or visa versa, that customer does not have to change phone numbers. Although the portability of IP address assignments from CIDR blocks has been discouraged it has never been prohibited. But last month a new internet draft (draft-ietf-cidrd-addr-ownership-07.txt) by Yakov Rekhter and Tony Li of Cisco was published. This draft created much debate in mid February when it was put forth by the CIDRD Working Group for elevation to best current practice. Such elevation would put IETF approval behind the practice of a service provider insisting on the return of address space when a customer left. If such a customer were to go to a different service provider for a new connection, every one attached to that customer's network would be forced to renumber their own networks. For a network of any size renumbering would be expensive and, if that network were involved in anything approaching a mission critical application, would become unthinkable. This would very likely mean that any customers buying leased lines to connect a network larger than a few dozen hosts in size will find themselves well-advised to purchase only from an ISP directly attached to one or more of the MAEs/NAPs -- and, therefore, in direct control of its address space. Furthermore, the safest and most conservative action with be to connect to the six providers who are part of the default free backbone. Certainly we suspect that the auto industry would tell its suppliers not to connect outside the direct NAP connected top tier. While there are technical reasons for this policy (fear of the collapse of internet routing if it is not carried out), it is ironic that such policy would greatly accelerate the Internet's stratification into a business service and a consumer service, for those who are there to explore, just for the fun of it. There is also an anti-competitive aspect to implementing such policy, in that large organization customers, which embed non-transferable IP addresses into their network hosts are really locking themselves to a single provider. Should a provider's service becomes "less than optimal," we are sure that providers are aware that the cost associated with renumbering in order to change vendors, limits their customer's options. While network address translation devices (NATs) do exist and will give some customers an alternative, they are by no means regarded as a perfect answer to these difficult problems. It is beginning to appear that, the more the Internet increases in size, the faster that power flows upwards into the hands of a few who, since they are both operators and rule makers for the commercial Internet, would find themselves singled out for accusations of blatant conflict of interest in most other situations. Under these conditions where the fox is essentially in charge of the hen house. Given the nature of a large portion of the customer base (ie large industry and educational networks), we wonder how long customers will suffer these burdens without demanding regulatory relief. 2. Contents: Tracking Internet Infrastructure: Editor's Introduction A Summary of the Operational Environment p. 1 Part One: Internet Business Models Some Large Providers Seek Forum to Push for Internet Service Model Change (Sept. 95) p. 8 Interview with Vint Cerf: Discussion Needed of Benefits Derived from Backbone Resources (Sept.95) p. 12 PSI Satisfied with Cooperative Best Effort Internet Business Model Interview with Bill Schrader(Oct. 95) p. 17 Thoughts on Internet Business Models by Sean Doran (Oct. 95) p. 20 Zero Sum Internet Business Models Vie with Internet Cooperative Culture (Oct. 95) p. 24 Routing Arbiter & Charging for Routing Announcements: Potential Operational and Financial Impacts Assessed (Jan. 96) p. 33 Part Two: Internet Architecture Change & Network Stratification Evolution in CIDR Rules In 1995 Makes Most IP Numbers non Transportable (Sept. 95) p. 43 Constraints of Growth: Provider Based CIDR Likely to Impede Smaller Players Interview with Dave Crocker and Noel Chiappa (Nov. 95) p. 46 Pace of Internet Stratification Increases -- IETF Internet Draft Suggests That Customer Network Renumbering Be Accepted As "Best Current Practice" (Mar. 96) p. 54 Part Three: Backbone Routing Versus Switching Continued Exponential Growth Stresses Internet Backbone Routing Infrastructure (Dec. 95) p. 62 Part Four: Institutions - Sprint; IETF, ISOC, and the NAPs SprintLink Experiencing Employee Attrition - Executives Slow to Provide Staffing Resources Needed for Continued Major Growth (Sept. 95) p. 81 National Science Foundation Domain Name Charges Financial Implications for Network Solutions NSF Rationale Behind Actions Interview with Don Mitchell (Oct. 95) p. 85 Internet Society: Role of Charter Members a Contentious Issue (Nov. 95) p. 87 Transition Pains at the Internet Society (Feb. 96) p. 88 Interview with Paul Mockapetris Who Considers Future of IETF & Finds Software Patents a Growing Obstacle (Jan. 96) p. 89 Interview with Tony Rutkowski Who Finds Internet International Coordinating Group Desirable (Mar. 96) p. 93 No Room at Sprint's Pennsauken NAP (Jan. 96) p. 96 Part Five: Quality of Service Automotive Industry Will Seek Internet Service Provider Certification (Feb. 96) p. 102 Steve Wolff Sees Convergence Between Internet and Telephony (Feb. 96) p. 107 Part Six: ATM and the Technology of Bandwidth on Demand Can Bandwidth Supply Keep Pace With Demand? ATM to the Rescue? An Introduction to a Series of Articles on Role of ATM in the Internet (Mar. 96) p. 111 ATM: Grand Unifying Technology or Brain-Damaged Transport Product? (April 96) p. 114 Bandwidth & Resource Reservation as Factors in Ones Network Provisioning Philosophy -- Can Bandwidth Ever Be Too Cheap to Meter? (April 96) p. 117 Interview with Bellcore's Dave Sincoskie Who Discusses the Internet Future of ATM & Outlines BellcoreUs Interest in Building Network of Interconnected ATM NAPs (March 96) p. 120 InternetMCI Bets its Future on ATM Data Services Marketing & Data Services Engineering Vice Presidents Explain MCI Strategy. Interview with Stephen von Rump and Steve Tabaska (April 96) p. 124 Interview with BBN's John Curran: Has the Internet Derailed ATM? (May 96) p. 132 Index p. 140 3. The Audience for the Handbook Within the national Internet service provider community, Tracking Internet Infrastructure is intended to educate strategists with the complexities facing their engineering and operations staff. Among smaller ISPs it should serve as a tool to bring owner-operators, who are busy 18 hours a day ordering lines, installing them and servicing their customers, up to speed on the changes going on in the environment in which they must operate. LECs and other phone companies will find it useful. Finally familiarity with the issues discussed within the Handbook will provide corporate MIS people with a valuable knowledge base from which to negotiate with their present or future internet service providers. However, since these infrastructure issues are also critical to the continued growth and success of the industry, this Handbook is expected to be a tool for use by those in the banking and investment community. If those in the financial community understand the changing technical and power relationships in the industry, they will be able to improve the quality of their investment decision making. It should also be useful to corporate strategic planners who will be advising their companies' decision making in vertical industry applications. 4. This handbook may be purchased in several ways: A. Single Copy GBC Bound, double sided xeroxed. $275.00 B. Site license: Set of single sided original 600 dpi laser written pages suitable for purchasing organization to reproduce as many copies as it wishes for its employees only. $750 C. A current subscriber without a site license may upgrade to a site license and pay an additional price of $275 to receive the report with full site license privileges. D. A current subscriber with a $650 site license or higher may purchase the report with full site license privileges for $275. To order contact Gordon Cook by phone (609) 882-2572 or email: cook(a)cookreport.com. ********************************************************************* Gordon Cook, Editor & Publisher Subscriptions: Individ-ascii $85 The COOK Report on Internet Individ. hard copy $150 431 Greenway Ave, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA Small Corp & Gov't $200 (609) 882-2572 Corporate $350 Internet: cook(a)cookreport.com Corporate Site Lic. $650 http://pobox.com/cook/ for new COOK Report Glossary of Internet terms *********************************************************************

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17 Dec '03

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Re: Why I dislike Java. (was Re: "Scruffies" vs. "Neats")
by Victor Boyko 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

>>>>> "Allen" == "E ALLEN SMITH" <EALLENSMITH(a)mbcl.rutgers.edu> writes: Allen> Why bother, if they don't have any critical stuff on Allen> them? But you certainly would not want the Java machines to be behind the same firewall as the non-Java ones, since then the firewall would be useless (see http://www.cs.princeton.edu/sip/pub/secure96.html) And you would probably want to have a second firewall anyway, since the machine running Netscape can contain confidential information downloaded from the net. Also, if Netscape is used to access password protected (or SSL encrypted) documents/forms, an attacker with access to the non-secure machine can get many kinds of secret information, including passwords and credit card numbers. -Victor -- Victor Boyko <vboykod(a)is-2.nyu.edu> http://galt.cs.nyu.edu/students/vb1890/ To get my PGP key, finger or send e-mail with subject "send pgp key".

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Why I Pay Too Much in Taxes
by tcmay＠got.net 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 10:24 PM 5/4/96, Black Unicorn wrote: >An organization that is efficent at enforcing a immensely complex set of >regulations incomprehensible to joe sixpack is not a good thing. As if anybody didn't already know, the tax code is incomprehensible to more than just "Joe Sixpack." I find it imcomprehensible, with "carryback callback offshore allowances" and "alternative minimum taxes" and all that garbage. I started using "Macintax" many years ago, then decided to wing it manually for many years, but have recently gone back to the Intuit product (called Macintax, but a cross with TurboTax). I answer a bunch of questions it asks me, making educated guesses where I don't understand something, and then I do the process a _second_ time, usually with different results. I use the lower tax bill of the two and send that instance in. Sometimes the IRS and its partners (the Franchise Tax Board, where California taxes are approaching what Federal rates for most people were a scant decade or two ago) tells me I underpaid and must send in additional taxes, penalties, interest charges, etc. (They won't prosecute for such minor things, so long as the money is paid and there was no gross hiding of income.) I am gradually losing all track of what is going on, and I suspect I'm not alone (my friends who use tax preparers, human ones, report the same situation). It seems to me that Jordan was referring to the compliance rate and the cost of the overhead, not considering the overall tax burden. (Italy is a fascinating example. The country appears to be moderately poor, based on tax receipts, but spending is quite high...it is clear that a large fraction of Italy's overall income is unreported.) Not wanting to join in this bashing of taxes--my views are clear, as evidenced in the title of this thread--but I have to point out that I paid approximately 60% of everything I made last year to the tax collectors! This counts the Federal income tax (about 32%), the California income tax (about 11%), the "self-employment tax" (FICA) for some consulting I did (15%), property tax on my old residence ($2200), property tax on my new residence ($4200), sales tax on purchases (8.25%), gasoline taxes (about 30-40 cents per gallon), a special tax on my Ford Explorer ($300), and probably some miscellaneous other taxes I have neglected. And of course the corporations that pay me dividends and whose stock price shows gains have _already_ paid roughly 45% or so in taxes, depending on how clever they were at allocating costs to minimize taxes. This is the famous "double taxation" of corporate earnings one hears about. Intel, for example, pays 45% of its considerable income in taxes, sends some of the remaining profits to me in the form of capital gains and dividends, and I then pay another 40% or so in income taxes on this share. The math is pretty simple...there ain't much left over. (The much-derided Laffer Curve is actually quite important here...when overall tax rates get high enough, people choose to do less work. Some of us even retire early.) Considering that a growing fraction of the population is not working at all, and is living on "entitlements" that they essentially get from me, and considering that the American Revolution was at least partly in response to the perception that taxes collected by King George were a bit too high (at a _tiny fraction_ of the amount I cited above), the resentment many of us feel is understandable. One area where I mostly agree with Jordan Hayes and disagree with Sandy, Uni, and Duncan, is that I don't think it's as easy as they sometimes claim it is to avoid taxes by the offshore stratagems they espouse. Believe me, I looked into this a while back (it is never illegal to investigate ways to minimize tax burdens), and even considered moving out of the U.S. to a tax haven of some sort. It turns out, as it does for many people I know, that my assets are relatively traceable. Salaries and even consulting fees are reported assiduously. Stocks can certainly be moved offshore, but the IRS obviously knows where they are (the institutions that keep records of stock ownership will tell them, for one thing...this may take a few years for the records to catch up, but they ultimately will). Certainly I could liquidate one form of my assets (stocks, real estate, etc.) and simply move the money out of the country. Tax evasion is always an option. But the price paid if one gets caught tends to be rather high. (Despite what you hear anecdotally about the IRS "settling" for pennies on the dollar.) Call me a skeptic. I will do my best not to be drawn into a debate that has been held here several times before. If Sandy, Duncan, etc., believe it is so easy to avoid taxes--on the resources we are talking about, not sheltering small amounts--or if they claim that I am obviously not following their advice, I'll let them make these claims without any attempt to rebut them. I've been there and done that before. I have no doubt that "tax planning" works for some people, and I think certain people like Vince Cate may do well in places like Anguilla, essentially starting a business from scratch. I even have longterm hopes for tax havens, cyberspace tax havens, anonymous systems, etc. But this ain't happening soon. But I see no clear way that X shares of Apple, Y shares of Sun, Z shares of Intel, etc. can be converted into other forms without taxes being paid, or evaded. (Evaded, not avoided.) I recall Sandy claiming some scheme where I would use my shares as collateral and borrow tax-free against them. Sure, it's what I do everyday with my margin account. But to ultimately pay off a margin debt by selling assets involves taking capital gains (if there were any, of course--a safe bet in the last 10 years), and at this point the IRS and California Franchise Tax Board want their 40-45% cut. Not being prepared to risk imprisonment for tax evasion, and being desirous of living in the United States rather than on a coral atoll, I answer the questions that Macintax asks me, gulp when I see the final figure, and write out a check (which I then have to sell even more stock to cover...perpetuating the cycle). --Tim May Boycott "Big Brother Inside" software! We got computers, we're tapping phone lines, we know that that ain't allowed. ---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---- Timothy C. May | Crypto Anarchy: encryption, digital money, tcmay(a)got.net 408-728-0152 | anonymous networks, digital pseudonyms, zero W.A.S.T.E.: Corralitos, CA | knowledge, reputations, information markets, Licensed Ontologist | black markets, collapse of governments. "National borders aren't even speed bumps on the information superhighway."

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17 Dec '03

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Re: Money Laundering Conference with Government Types
by jim bell 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 08:26 PM 5/4/96 EDT, E. ALLEN SMITH wrote: > I thought people might find interesting the following conference >that I located at http://www.oceanlaw.com/20/conf/ml.htm. Know thine enemy, >and all that. It has a section on Digital Cash (note the title includes >"Cyberpayments"). > -Allen > > An Invitation from Fletcher N. Baldwin, Jr., Professor of Law and > Director of the Centre for International Financial Crimes Studies, and > Robert J. Munro, Program Coordinator and Co-Director of the Centre for > International Financial Crimes Studies. > > _It's not enough to BE clean -- You must also LOOK clean._ > > Money Laundering and Asset Forfeiture are critical consequences for > the banks, attorneys, securities dealers and corporations, both > domestic and international, who may be inadvertently in > non-compliance. _Our program will give you:_ I wonder how long it's going to take before these "money-launderers" learn that by taking, say, 10% of the amount of money they launder in one year, they can eliminate the people trying to stop them. Forever. Jim Bell jimbell(a)pacifier.comJim Bell jimbell(a)pacifier.com

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