December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

Re: Motorola Secure Phone
by andr0id＠midwest.net 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

>That just refers to the fact that it is no longer legal to sell >scanners that can listen in to that range. I havn't seen any scanners that block the 900 MHz range. Didn't think they were blocking that. There isn't any reason to. After all they don't block the 49 MHz. >(BTW, a couple of years ago Nuts & Volts ran >an article with information on a program and some toys that let >a laptop computer, properly wired into a cell phone, act as a >cell scanner. Never did wire it up, but it looked like fun ;) > Most cellular phone like the Motorola and the NEC can scan cellular channels. Whats neat is that they require little or no modification. They can scan through all cellular channels including control, pause on a channel that has audio, and should signal level. I've use the Novatel and Motorola phones to even force the transmit on my phone on a channel that was already in conversation and create a three way call. Since the cellular system already proccessed the original MIN and ESN of the calling party my ESN is never checked. All of this without modifying my phone internaly or adding a computer. This type of stuff makes encryption needed. More and more people are using PCMCIA cellular modems for all kinds of transaction not realizing that anyone can pretty much intercept and use that information. Digital will help in some ways but harm on others. $49 bucks will buy you an upconverter that will enable any scanner that can pick up the 400 MHz range to pickup cellular. Dr0id

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Re: Political Cleanup program
by James A. Donald 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 11:04 AM 12/17/95 -0800, jim bell wrote: > It occurs to me that it would be a major advance if a system could be set up > that would "blind" campaign donations as to their source: The donor could > be satisfied that his donation gets to the candidate or cause, but the > candidate couldn't know who actually paid the money To make this work, the government would need to prohibit individuals from campaigning for politicians, taking out ads with political consequences, and so on and so forth. A short step from totalitarianism A better solution is to move assets and money into forms where politicians cannot get at them, thus reducing the power of politicians, and thus the incentive to buy favors from them. --------------------------------------------------------------------- | We have the right to defend ourselves | http://www.jim.com/jamesd/ and our property, because of the kind | of animals that we are. True law | James A. Donald derives from this right, not from the | arbitrary power of the state. | jamesd(a)echeque.com

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Re: Political Cleanup program
by Richard Huddleston 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Detweiler wrote: * >JB: * >>Politics is traditionally corrupt, it appears, because donors to politicians * >>and political campaigns expect a quid pro quo for their donations. Various * >>unsatisfactory solutions include campaign spending limits, etc. * > * >I have an unusual view that I've never seen elsewhere: the problem with * >our government is not that money or PACs are involved, but that the system * >does not handle or resolve the conflicts between them very well. in other * >words, in contrary to the current view that all PACs are evil, I think the * >problem is not that we have PACs, but that our current system does not * >balance their demands in some sensible manner. the system is * >susceptible to corruption. it is conceivable however that there would be * >a system that involves money and politics but still avoids corruption. Not to sound like a dupe or anything, but every time I get discouraged at the rampant mealyism of our political system I go read the first couple of paragraphs of a text from GOVT 101. There, I get reminded that the way most political debate is handled elsewhere is with bullets. Personally, I welcome a complete equity between all lobbyists seeking to obtain a politico's ear. Take the money out of the equation, and let the merits of their causes, if any, stand on their own. Happy holidays, Richard

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Re: Political Cleanup program
by Johnathan Corgan 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 11:11 AM 12/18/95 -0500, Duncan Frissell wrote: >At 10:35 AM 12/18/95 -0500, Brian Davis wrote: > >>> A better solution is to move assets and money into forms where >>> politicians cannot get at them, thus reducing the power of politicians, >>> and thus the incentive to buy favors from them. >> >>I'm not sure what you mean here: are politicians to be prohibited from >>campaigning (which cost money)? And if politicians, who generally take >>the form of human beings, can't get at $$$, how can you or I? > >Brian, the above means cut the power and the purse of politicians so they >have nothing to sell to contributors so no contributors will buy. Yep. If politicians didn't have capricious, arbitrary, and absolute power over individuals and businesses, there would be no market for influence peddling.

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Re: What ever happened to... Cray Comp/NSA co-development
by tcmay＠got.net 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 5:50 AM 12/18/95, Jim Gillogly wrote: >Correction of one detail: > >> tcmay(a)got.net (Timothy C. May) writes: >> When you've done this, and concluded that RSA-129 could be done in, say, X >> minutes, then move on to RSA-384 (the BlackNet key cracked by the MIT >> group), and on to the 1024- and 2048-bit keys. Tell us how many years or >> centuries it will take. (Hint: Rivest and Schneier have done these > >The BlackNet key break didn't have any MIT involvement: it was done by >Paul Leyland of Oxford, Arjen Lenstra of Bellcore, Alec Muffet of Sun UK, >and Jim Gillogly of Cypherpunks, RAND, and Gillogly Software in no >particular order. > Sorry, Jim. I thought that Derek Atkins was involved, which led to thinking it was MIT. Now that you've reminded me, some of the details are beginning to come back. (I knew that someone from our list was involved....) --Tim May Views here are not the views of my Internet Service Provider or Government. ---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---- Timothy C. May | Crypto Anarchy: encryption, digital money, tcmay(a)got.net 408-728-0152 | anonymous networks, digital pseudonyms, zero Corralitos, CA | knowledge, reputations, information markets, Higher Power: 2^756839 | black markets, collapse of governments. "National borders are just speed bumps on the information superhighway."

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Oklahoma University: Is this legal?...
by Carl M. Kadie 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

No state law does or could prempt the 5th Amendment, the ECPA, or the FERPA. Moreover, the one state FOIA (Illinois') I've read in detail *doesn't* even try to do this. I'm enclosing two FAQ's. The first is about email privacy. The second is about student media. I also suggest sending email to marsha-w(a)uiuc.edu (Marsha Woodbury) she is an expert in the application of FOIA laws to universities and a CPSR officer. - Carl Carl Kadie -- I do not represent EFF or my employer; this is just me. =Email: kadie(a)eff.org, kadie(a)cs.uiuc.edu = =URL: <http://www.eff.org/CAF/>, <ftp://ftp.cs.uiuc.edu/pub/kadie/> = =============== ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/faq/email.privacy =============== q: Can (should) my university monitor my email? a: Ethically (and perhaps legally) email communications should have the same privacy protection as telephone calls. It would be unwise for any university employee to tap email communications without authorization from the university president, university legal counsel, and the academic freedom committee. According to Mike Godwin, legal services counsel for the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), the U.S.'s Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) could be reasonably construed to protect university email. This is also the reported opinion of the U. of Michigan's lawers. Also, the U.S.'s Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act gives students at all public and most private schools some privacy rights. A U.S. government task force says that "[Email] monitoring [of government employees] of actual communications and communicators may impinge on the Constitutional rights of freedom of speech (1st Amendment), against unreasonable search and seizure (4th Amendment), and against self-incrimination (5th amendment), as well as on the right to privacy, specifically as set forth in both the Privacy Act and the ECPA." In the context of libraries, the American Library Association's Policy on Confidentiality of Library Records suggests this procedure to deal with an official or police request for information about users: 'When drafting local policies, libraries should consult with their legal counsel to insure these policies are based upon and consistent with applicable federal, state, and local law concerning the confidentiality of library records, the disclosure of public records, and the protection of individual privacy. Suggested procedures include the following: 1. The library staff member receiving the request to examine or obtain information relating to circulation or other records identifying the names of library users, will immediately refer the person making the request to the responsible officer of the institution, who shall explain the confidentiality policy. 2. The director, upon receipt of such process, order, or subpoena, shall consult with the appropriate legal officer assigned to the institution to determine if such process, order, or subpoena is in good form and if there is a showing of good cause for its issuance. 3. If the process, order, or subpoena is not in proper form or if good cause has not been shown, insistence shall be made that such defects be cured before any records are released. (The legal process requiring the production of circulation or other library records shall ordinarily be in the form of subpoena "duces tecum" [bring your records] requiring the responsible officer to attend court or the taking of his/her deposition and may require him/her to bring along certain designated circulation or other specified records.) 4. Any threats or unauthorized demands (i.e., those not supported by a process, order, or subpoena) concerning circulation and other records identifying the names of library users shall be reported to the appropriate legal officer of the institution. 5. Any problems relating to the privacy of circulation and other records identifying the names of library users which are not provided for above shall be referred to the responsible officer.' - Carl M. Kadie ANNOTATED REFERENCES (All these documents are available on-line. Access information follows.) =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/ecpa.1986.godwin"> law/ecpa.1986.godwin =================</a> * Privacy -- E-mail -- ECPA - University Site Mike Godwin, legal services counsel for the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), says that the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) could be reasonably construed to protect university email. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/ferpa.text"> law/ferpa.text =================</a> * Privacy -- Students -- FERPA (Buckley Ammendment) The full text of the Family Educational Right to Privacy Act (Buckley Amendment). =================<a href="http://www.eff.org/CAF/faq/email.policies.html"> faq/email.policies =================</a> * Email -- Policies q: Do any universities treat email and computer files as private? a: Yes, many universities treat email and computer files as private. ... =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/library/confidentiality.1.ala"> library/confidentiality.1.ala =================</a> * Confidentiality -- 1 (ALA) The American Library Association's "Policy on Confidentiality of Library Records" Suggests how to handle police or official requests for information about a user. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/library/computer.draft.ala"> library/computer.draft.ala =================</a> * DRAFT: Access to Electronic ... Services and Networks ... (ALA) A draft interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" Says in part: "Libraries and librarians exist to facilitate [freedom of speech and freedom to read] by providing access to, identifying, retrieving, organizing, and preserving recorded expression regardless of the formats or technologies in which that expression is recorded." =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/bill-of-rights.aahe"> statements/bill-of-rights.aahe =================</a> * Bill of Rights ... for Electronic ... Learners This is the "Bill of Rights and Responsibilities for the Electronic Community of Learners". It could become the first widely endorsed statement directly related to computers and academic freedom. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/caf-statement"> statements/caf-statement =================</a> * Computer and Academic Freedom Statement -- Draft This is an attempt to codify the application of academic freedom to academic computers. It reflects our seven months of on-line discussion about computers and academic freedom. It covers free expression, due process, privacy, and user participation. Comments and suggestions are very welcome (especially when posted to CAF-talk). All the documents referenced are available on-line. (Critiqued). =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/caf-statement.critique"> statements/caf-statement.critique =================</a> * Computer and Academic Freedom Statement -- Draft -- Critique This is a critique of an attempt to codify the application of academic freedom to academic computers. It reflects our seven months of on-line discussion about computers and academic freedom. It covers free expression, due process, privacy, and user participation. Additional comments and suggestions are very welcome (especially when posted to CAF-talk). All the documents referenced are available on-line. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/academic/student.freedoms.aaup"> academic/student.freedoms.aaup =================</a> * Student Freedoms (AAUP) Joint Statement on Rights and Freedoms of Students -- This is the main U.S. statement on student academic freedom. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/academic/speech-codes.aaup"> academic/speech-codes.aaup =================</a> * Speech Codes (AAUP) On Freedom of Expression and Campus Speech Codes Expression - An official statement of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) It says in part: "On a campus that is free and open, no idea can be banned or forbidden. No viewpoint or message may be deemed so hateful or disturbing that it may not be expressed." =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/uwm-post-v-u-of-wisconsin"> law/uwm-post-v-u-of-wisconsin =================</a> * Expression -- Hate Speech -- UWM Post v. U Of Wisconsin The full text of UWM POST v. U. of Wisconsin. This recent district court ruling goes into detail about the difference between protected offensive expression and illegal harassment. It even mentions email. It concludes: "The founding fathers of this nation produced a remarkable document in the Constitution but it was ratified only with the promise of the Bill of Rights. The First Amendment is central to our concept of freedom. The God-given "unalienable rights" that the infant nation rallied to in the Declaration of Independence can be preserved only if their application is rigorously analyzed. The problems of bigotry and discrimination sought to be addressed here are real and truly corrosive of the educational environment. But freedom of speech is almost absolute in our land and the only restriction the fighting words doctrine can abide is that based on the fear of violent reaction. Content-based prohibitions such as that in the UW Rule, however well intended, simply cannot survive the screening which our Constitution demands." =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/gillard-v-schmidt"> law/gillard-v-schmidt =================</a> * Privacy -- School -- Staff Desk -- Gillard v. Schmidt Description of an appellate court ruling that the school board could not search the desk of a school counselor without a warrant. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/email.gov-employee"> law/email.gov-employee =================</a> * Privacy -- E-mail -- Government Employees A U.S. government task force: "[Email] monitoring [of government employees] of actual communications and communicators may impinge on the Constitutional rights of freedom of speech (1st Amendment), against unreasonable search and seizure (4th Amendment), and against self-incrimination (5th amendment), as well as on the right to privacy, specifically as set forth in both the Privacy Act and the ECPA." Enclosed are guidelines for legitimate monitoring of government employee email. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/mass-student-searches"> law/mass-student-searches =================</a> * Privacy -- Mass Students Searches An excerpt from The ACLU Handbook: _The Rights of Students_, stating that "there must a reasonable suspicion directed specifically at each student before a school official can search students." =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/constraints.constitutional"> law/constraints.constitutional =================</a> * Constitution -- Public University -- Constraints Comments from _A Practical Guide to Legal Issues Affecting College Teachers_ by Partrica A. Hollander, D. Parker Young, and Donald D. Gehring. (College Administration Publication, 1985). Discusses the constitutional constraints on public universities including the requires for freedom of expression, freedom against unreasonable searches and seizures, due process, specific rules. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/ecpa.umich"> law/ecpa.umich =================</a> * Privacy -- E-mail -- ECPA - University Site A summary of a newspaper report that the U. of Michigan's lawyers believe(d) that the institution is barred under the federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act from reading electronic mail. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/privacy.email"> law/privacy.email =================</a> * Privacy -- E-mail -- Law -- Hernandez "Computer Electronic Mail and Privacy", an edited version of a law school seminar paper by Ruel T. Hernandez. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/privacy.workplace"> law/privacy.workplace =================</a> * Privacy -- Workplace Comments from and about _The new hazards of the high technology workplace_ see (1991) 104 _Harvard Law Review_ 1898. Talks about email and other electronic monitoring. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/email.bib"> law/email.bib =================</a> * Privacy -- E-mail -- Bibliography I have been having an e-mail conversation with Stacy Veeder for several days on the topic of e-mail privacy. She mailed me this bibliography which she has compiled for two papers which she is currently writing. I post it here with permission. PS - She is interested in talking with anyone who has some views on the topic/information to share. Mark N. ================= ================= If you have gopher, you can browse the CAF archive with the command gopher gopher.eff.org These document(s) are also available by anonymous ftp (the preferred method) and by email. To get the file(s) via ftp, do an anonymous ftp to ftp.eff.org, and then: cd /pub/CAF/law get ecpa.1986.godwin cd /pub/CAF/law get ferpa.text cd /pub/CAF/faq get email.policies cd /pub/CAF/library get confidentiality.1.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get computer.draft.ala cd /pub/CAF/statements get bill-of-rights.aahe cd /pub/CAF/statements get caf-statement cd /pub/CAF/statements get caf-statement.critique cd /pub/CAF/academic get student.freedoms.aaup cd /pub/CAF/academic get speech-codes.aaup cd /pub/CAF/law get uwm-post-v-u-of-wisconsin cd /pub/CAF/law get gillard-v-schmidt cd /pub/CAF/law get email.gov-employee cd /pub/CAF/law get mass-student-searches cd /pub/CAF/law get constraints.constitutional cd /pub/CAF/law get ecpa.umich cd /pub/CAF/law get privacy.email cd /pub/CAF/law get privacy.workplace cd /pub/CAF/law get email.bib To get the file(s) by email, send email to ftpmail(a)decwrl.dec.com Include the line(s): connect ftp.eff.org cd /pub/CAF/law get ecpa.1986.godwin cd /pub/CAF/law get ferpa.text cd /pub/CAF/faq get email.policies cd /pub/CAF/library get confidentiality.1.ala cd /pub/CAF/library get computer.draft.ala cd /pub/CAF/statements get bill-of-rights.aahe cd /pub/CAF/statements get caf-statement cd /pub/CAF/statements get caf-statement.critique cd /pub/CAF/academic get student.freedoms.aaup cd /pub/CAF/academic get speech-codes.aaup cd /pub/CAF/law get uwm-post-v-u-of-wisconsin cd /pub/CAF/law get gillard-v-schmidt cd /pub/CAF/law get email.gov-employee cd /pub/CAF/law get mass-student-searches cd /pub/CAF/law get constraints.constitutional cd /pub/CAF/law get ecpa.umich cd /pub/CAF/law get privacy.email cd /pub/CAF/law get privacy.workplace cd /pub/CAF/law get email.bib =============== ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/faq/netnews.writing =============== q: Should my university allow students to post to Netnews or have Web pages? a: Yes. Free inquiry and free expression are an important part of a university's mission. Most universities encourage and support student expression and publication. Most universities also seem to give full network access to all users, even students. (This conclusion is based on an informal survey posted to comp.admin.policy in October, 1991. [cafv01n33]) There is probably no need to create special rules for student computer media; your university likely already has rules for student media. (Look in your Student Code.) In the U.S., most student publications are free of university screening, censorship, and most retaliation. (For state universities, this is a legal requirement.) At the same time, most universities disclaim responsibility for student publications, even when the university "owns the presses." The American Library Association's draft policy recommendation on electronic services and networks says (in part): No user should be restricted or denied access for expressing or receiving constitutionally protected speech. No user's access should be changed without due process, including, but not limited to, notice and a means of appeal. - Carl ANNOTATED REFERENCES (All these documents are available on-line. Access information follows.) =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/library/computer.draft.ala"> library/computer.draft.ala =================</a> * DRAFT: Access to Electronic ... Services and Networks ... (ALA) A draft interpretation by the American Library Association of the "Library Bill of Rights" Says in part: "Libraries and librarians exist to facilitate [freedom of speech and freedom to read] by providing access to, identifying, retrieving, organizing, and preserving recorded expression regardless of the formats or technologies in which that expression is recorded." =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/caf-statement"> statements/caf-statement =================</a> * Computer and Academic Freedom Statement -- Draft This is an attempt to codify the application of academic freedom to academic computers. It reflects our seven months of on-line discussion about computers and academic freedom. It covers free expression, due process, privacy, and user participation. Comments and suggestions are very welcome (especially when posted to CAF-talk). All the documents referenced are available on-line. (Critiqued). =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/caf-statement.critique"> statements/caf-statement.critique =================</a> * Computer and Academic Freedom Statement -- Draft -- Critique This is a critique of an attempt to codify the application of academic freedom to academic computers. It reflects our seven months of on-line discussion about computers and academic freedom. It covers free expression, due process, privacy, and user participation. Additional comments and suggestions are very welcome (especially when posted to CAF-talk). All the documents referenced are available on-line. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/statements/bill-of-rights.aahe"> statements/bill-of-rights.aahe =================</a> * Bill of Rights ... for Electronic ... Learners This is the "Bill of Rights and Responsibilities for the Electronic Community of Learners". It could become the first widely endorsed statement directly related to computers and academic freedom. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/academic/student.freedoms.aaup"> academic/student.freedoms.aaup =================</a> * Student Freedoms (AAUP) Joint Statement on Rights and Freedoms of Students -- This is the main U.S. statement on student academic freedom. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/academic/speech-codes.aaup"> academic/speech-codes.aaup =================</a> * Speech Codes (AAUP) On Freedom of Expression and Campus Speech Codes Expression - An official statement of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) It says in part: "On a campus that is free and open, no idea can be banned or forbidden. No viewpoint or message may be deemed so hateful or disturbing that it may not be expressed." =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/academic/academic-freedom.wus"> academic/academic-freedom.wus =================</a> * Academic Freedom (WUS) The Lima Declaration on Academic Freedom and Autonomy of Institutions of Higher Education, an international declaration by the World University Service. Source: _World University Service Academic Freedom 1990: A Human Rights Report_ by Laksiri Fernando, et al. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/academic/academic-freedom.can"> academic/academic-freedom.can =================</a> * CAUT-ACPU Policy on Academic Freedom (Canada) Policy statement on academic freedom for the Canadian Association of University Teachers. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/policies/netnews.uwm.edu"> policies/netnews.uwm.edu =================</a> * Edu -- U. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee -- Netnews These are the network policy resolutions developed by the Computer Policy Committee at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The resolutions were approved by the Committee and forwarded to the Chancellor. They were given final approval by the Chancellor as campus administrative policy (memo dated 02/23/93). They say (to paraphrase) 1) Netnews is important 2) No restrictions should be imposed without wide consultation 3) The principles of intellectual freedom developed for university libraries apply to Netnews material 4) The principles of intellectual freedom developed for publication in traditional media apply to computer media. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/policies/netnews.uwo.ca"> policies/netnews.uwo.ca =================</a> * U. of Western Ontario -- Netnews policy It says in part: "In its publications regarding Usenet, CCS should make it clear that the individual user bears the primary responsibility for the material that he or she chooses to send or display on the network or on the University's computer systems." It also specifies a procedure for dealing with challenges to material. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/news/cafv01n33"> news/cafv01n33 =================</a> [No annotation available.] =================<a href="http://www.eff.org/CAF/faq/netnews.reading.html"> faq/netnews.reading =================</a> * Netnews -- Policies on What Users Read q: Should my university remove (or restrict) Netnews newsgroups because some people find them offensive? If it doesn't have the resources to carry all newsgroups, how should newsgroups be selected? a: Material should not be restricted just because it is offensive to ... =================<a href="http://www.eff.org/CAF/faq/media.control.html"> faq/media.control =================</a> * University Control of Media q: Since freedom of the press belongs to those who own presses, a public university can do anything it wants with the media that it owns, right? a: No. Like any organization, the U.S. government must work within its ... =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/rosenberger_v_u_virginia"> law/rosenberger_v_u_virginia =================</a> * Expression -- Public Forum -- Rosenberger v. U. of Virginia A 1995 U.S. Supreme Court decision that says that it is illegal for a state univeristy to deny funds to a student newspaper on the grounds that the newspaper is religious. The decision confirms that the government cannot discriminate on the basis of viewpoint in (government-owned)limited public forums. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/san-diego-committee-v-gov-bd"> law/san-diego-committee-v-gov-bd =================</a> * Expression -- Public Forum -- Overview -- San Diego Committee v. Gov Bd Excerpts from San Diego Committee v. Governing Bd., 790 F.2d 1471. A decision by an appellate court that applied the Supreme Court's Public Forum Doctrine (to a school newspaper). =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/stanley-v-magrath"> law/stanley-v-magrath =================</a> * Expression -- Public Forum -- Closing -- Stanley v. Magrath Comments from _Public Schools Law: Teachers' and Students' Rights_ 2nd Ed. by Martha M. McCarthy and Nelda H. Cambron-McCabe, published in 1987 by Allyn and Bacon, Inc. It says, in part, "[a]lthough school boards are not obligated to support student papers, if a given publication was originally created as a free speech forum, removal of financial or other school board support can be construed as an unlawful effort to stifle free expression." Also, "school authorities cannot withdraw support from a student publication simply because of displeasure with the content" and "the content of a school-sponsored paper that is established as a medium for student expression cannot be regulated more closely than a nonsponsored paper". Also, it tells what to do about libel in student publications. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/student-publications.misc"> law/student-publications.misc =================</a> * Expression -- Offensive -- Student Publications -- Misc Quotes from the book _Law of the Student Press_ by the Student Press Law Center (1985,1988). They say that four-letter words are protected speech, that public universities are not likely to be liable for publications that they for which they do not control the contents, and that the _Hazelwood_ decision does not apply to universities. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/uwm-post-v-u-of-wisconsin"> law/uwm-post-v-u-of-wisconsin =================</a> * Expression -- Hate Speech -- UWM Post v. U Of Wisconsin The full text of UWM POST v. U. of Wisconsin. This recent district court ruling goes into detail about the difference between protected offensive expression and illegal harassment. It even mentions email. It concludes: "The founding fathers of this nation produced a remarkable document in the Constitution but it was ratified only with the promise of the Bill of Rights. The First Amendment is central to our concept of freedom. The God-given "unalienable rights" that the infant nation rallied to in the Declaration of Independence can be preserved only if their application is rigorously analyzed. The problems of bigotry and discrimination sought to be addressed here are real and truly corrosive of the educational environment. But freedom of speech is almost absolute in our land and the only restriction the fighting words doctrine can abide is that based on the fear of violent reaction. Content-based prohibitions such as that in the UW Rule, however well intended, simply cannot survive the screening which our Constitution demands." =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/rust-v-sullivan"> law/rust-v-sullivan =================</a> * Expression -- Gag Rule -- Rust v. Sullivan The decision and decent for the so-called abortion information gag rule case. The decision explicitly mentions universities as a place where free expression is so important that gag rules would not be allowed. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/rav-v-st-paul.1"> law/rav-v-st-paul.1 =================</a> * Expression -- Hate Speech -- RAV v. St Paul -- 1 The Supreme Court's _R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul_ decision about hate crimes. The Court overturned St. Paul's Bias-Motivated Crime Ordinance, which prohibits the display of a symbol which one knows or has reason to know "arouses anger, alarm or resentment in others on the basis of race, color, creed, religion or gender." By 9-0, the Court said the law as overly broad. By 5-4, the Court said that the law was also unfairly selective because it only tried to protect some groups. Included: summary, majority opinion, 3 concurring opinions. =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/perry-v-perry"> law/perry-v-perry =================</a> * Expression -- Public Forum -- Campus Mail -- Perry v. Perry Comments from the ACLU Handbook _The Rights of _Teachers_. It says that campus mail systems (and other school facilities) may or may not be limited public forums depending on how they are managed. (Perry v. Perry was about an interschool mail system that was managed as a nonpublic forum. It was one of the cases that defined the Public Forum Doctrine.) Also, a paraphrase from an ACLU handbook _The Rights of Teachers_. It says that generally, speech, if otherwise shielded from punishment by the First Amendment, does not lose that protection because its tone is sharp. Also, from p. 92, it says that there are legal limits to the oaths a (public) school can ask its teachers to sign. [Some of these same limits might apply to what a school can ask a user to sign as a condition of getting (or keeping) a computer account.] =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/broadrick-v-oklahoma"> law/broadrick-v-oklahoma =================</a> * Expression -- Vague Regulation -- Broadrick v. Oklahoma, et al. Summary of case law on overly vague regulation of expression. It says a statute is unconstitutionally vague when "men of common intelligence must necessarily guess at its meaning." =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/naacp-v-button"> law/naacp-v-button =================</a> * Expression -- Overbroad Regulation -- NAACP v. Button, et al. Summary of case law on overly broad regulation of expression. It says "[b]ecause First Amendment freedoms need breathing space to survive, government may regulate in the area only with narrow specificity." =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/pd-of-chicago-v-mosley"> law/pd-of-chicago-v-mosley =================</a> * Expression -- Content Regulation -- Police Department of Chicago v. Mosley Summary of case law on content-based regulation of expression. It says that "above all else, the First Amendment means that government has no power to restrict expression because of its message, its ideas, its subject matter, or its content." =================<a href="ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/CAF/law/cohen-v-california.4"> law/cohen-v-california.4 =================</a> * Expression -- Regulation of Tone -- Cohen v. California -- 4 A short quote from _Cohen v. California_: "We cannot sanction the view that the constitution, while solicitous of the cognitive content of individual speech, has little or no regard for that emotive function which, practically speaking, may often be the more important element of the overall message sought to be communicated." ================= ================= If you have gopher, you can browse the CAF archive with the command gopher gopher.eff.org These document(s) are also available by anonymous ftp (the preferred method) and by email. To get the file(s) via ftp, do an anonymous ftp to ftp.eff.org, and then: cd /pub/CAF/library get computer.draft.ala cd /pub/CAF/statements get caf-statement cd /pub/CAF/statements get caf-statement.critique cd /pub/CAF/statements get bill-of-rights.aahe cd /pub/CAF/academic get student.freedoms.aaup cd /pub/CAF/academic get speech-codes.aaup cd /pub/CAF/academic get academic-freedom.wus cd /pub/CAF/academic get academic-freedom.can cd /pub/CAF/policies get netnews.uwm.edu cd /pub/CAF/policies get netnews.uwo.ca cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv01n33 cd /pub/CAF/faq get netnews.reading cd /pub/CAF/faq get media.control cd /pub/CAF/law get rosenberger_v_u_virginia cd /pub/CAF/law get san-diego-committee-v-gov-bd cd /pub/CAF/law get stanley-v-magrath cd /pub/CAF/law get student-publications.misc cd /pub/CAF/law get uwm-post-v-u-of-wisconsin cd /pub/CAF/law get rust-v-sullivan cd /pub/CAF/law get rav-v-st-paul.1 cd /pub/CAF/law get perry-v-perry cd /pub/CAF/law get broadrick-v-oklahoma cd /pub/CAF/law get naacp-v-button cd /pub/CAF/law get pd-of-chicago-v-mosley cd /pub/CAF/law get cohen-v-california.4 To get the file(s) by email, send email to ftpmail(a)decwrl.dec.com Include the line(s): connect ftp.eff.org cd /pub/CAF/library get computer.draft.ala cd /pub/CAF/statements get caf-statement cd /pub/CAF/statements get caf-statement.critique cd /pub/CAF/statements get bill-of-rights.aahe cd /pub/CAF/academic get student.freedoms.aaup cd /pub/CAF/academic get speech-codes.aaup cd /pub/CAF/academic get academic-freedom.wus cd /pub/CAF/academic get academic-freedom.can cd /pub/CAF/policies get netnews.uwm.edu cd /pub/CAF/policies get netnews.uwo.ca cd /pub/CAF/news get cafv01n33 cd /pub/CAF/faq get netnews.reading cd /pub/CAF/faq get media.control cd /pub/CAF/law get rosenberger_v_u_virginia cd /pub/CAF/law get san-diego-committee-v-gov-bd cd /pub/CAF/law get stanley-v-magrath cd /pub/CAF/law get student-publications.misc cd /pub/CAF/law get uwm-post-v-u-of-wisconsin cd /pub/CAF/law get rust-v-sullivan cd /pub/CAF/law get rav-v-st-paul.1 cd /pub/CAF/law get perry-v-perry cd /pub/CAF/law get broadrick-v-oklahoma cd /pub/CAF/law get naacp-v-button cd /pub/CAF/law get pd-of-chicago-v-mosley cd /pub/CAF/law get cohen-v-california.4

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Re: Political Cleanup program
by E. ALLEN SMITH 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

From: "Vladimir Z. Nuri" <vznuri(a)netcom.com> >there seem to be a lot of people who suggest that merely because politics involves money, it is therefore corrupt. this is an awfully vague and nebulous line of thinking in my view. are we to suppose that any industry that involves money (all of them, of course) inevitably moves in the direction of corruption? perhaps some more "cynicalpunks" may have this view, but I don't share it. --------------------------------- I am admittedly uncertain whether to reply to this, but... one thing about capitalism is that money serves as a reward. Attempts to remove this (such as in the Soviet Union) have resulted in people no longer being motivated by things like bonuses. In other words, if we can remove the government from having influence on the markets, then politics by money is not really a problem. It's just another motivation for people to get more money. -Allen

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Fwd: Results of Internet Protest
by rah＠shipwright.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text Date: Mon, 18 Dec 1995 11:16:31 -0500 Subject: Fwd: Results of Internet Protest From: Joel Bowers <jmba(a)bluefin.net> Mime-Version: 1.0 Apparently-To: <rah(a)shipwright.com> Subject: Results of Internet Protest Sent: 12/18 2:06 AM Received: 12/18 8:18 AM From: mcnmembers(a)macn.com To: MCNMembers(a)macn.com From: mcnmembers(a)macn.com (MCN Members) Sender: jfried(a)desktopdesign.com (John Friedlander) To: MCNMembers(a)macn.com (MCN Members) ======================================================================== CAMPAIGN TO STOP THE NET CENSORSHIP LEGISLATION IN CONGRESS THE NET ROCKS AMERICA'S CAPITOL - NEARLY 20,000 PARTICIPANTS THURSDAY DECEMBER 14, 1995 SENATE CONFEREES COULD STILL VOTE THIS WEEK RALLIES HAPPENING IN AUSTIN, NEW YORK, SF, & SEATTLE PLEASE WIDELY REDISTRIBUTE THIS DOCUMENT WITH THIS BANNER INTACT REDISTRIBUTE ONLY UNTIL December 25, 1995 ________________________________________________________________________ RECAP: INTERNET DAY OF PROTEST: TUESDAY DECEMBER 12, 1995 The net came into its own as a political force on Tuesday. The press release has more details. If you haven't taken a moment to call, fax, or email, do so now. We're still keeping track and only need a few more to break 20,000. VTW had someone onhand in DC monitoring the response at the Congressional offices. The feedback was amazing; Congress got the message. We need to sustain that by continuing to tell them we're not happy with the options being offered to us at this time. Directions for calling Congress can still be found at http://www.vtw.org/ and the many other sites listed at the end of this message. Take a moment to call! Don't forget to mail us a note at protest(a)vtw.org to let us know you took part in the Day Of Protest (and Day 2, and Day 3, and Day 4). FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE December 13, 1995 Contact: Steven Cherry (718) 596-2851 stc(a)vtw.org Shabbir Safdar (718) 596-2851 shabbir(a)vtw.org New York, NY Are 20,000 phone calls a lot? 30,000? 50,000? They are if you're one of a handful of Congressional staffers trying to field them. Tuesday, December 12th was the Internet's Day of Protest. A variety of net-activists and telecommunications-related services exhorted the on-line community to call a selected group of Senators and Representatives to declare their opposition to the threat of Internet censorship. And call they did. As the Senate members of the Telecommunications Reform conference committee contemplated portions of legislation that would censor "indecent" material on-line, their staffers were being overwhelmed with phone calls. Senator Inouye's office said they were "getting lots and lots of calls and faxes." Senator Lott's said they were "flooded with calls." At Senator Stevens' office there were so many calls they couldn't keep a complete tally. At Senator Exon's office, the fax machine was "backed up." And at one point, activists couldn't even get through to Senator Gorton's office to ask. Exon is the Senator whose Communications Decency Act started the nearly year-long struggle between those who would create special regulations to restrict speech on-line (even, in certain instances, private email between two individuals) to a greater extent than even traditional broadcast media; regulations that, according to the ACLU and many other civil liberties groups, will certainly be proven to be unconstitutional if passed into law. "We've never seen anything like it," said Stanton McCandish of the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). The EFF is one member of the on-line coalition that has been fighting an array of censorship legislation since this spring, when Senator Exon introduced his Communications Decency Act. "We may have almost overwhelmed our provider," said Shabbir Safdar, head of Voter's Telecommunications Watch (VTW). VTW is the organization that organized the on-line coalition. Their on-line connectivity is provided by Panix.com, a New York-area Internet service provider. "Panix has been doing some maintenance work today, so it's hard to tell," Safdar continued. "But we think it's actually made a dent in their connection to the rest of the Net." How many calls were actually made? No one can tell. For Leslie Miller, a reporter for USA Today, it took much of the afternoon to get some counts from Congressional staffers, and she couldn't get any report from the Senate's Sergeant-At-Arms, the office nominally responsible for the Senate's telephone system. VTW may be the only organization that can really make an educated guess. "In our Alerts we ask that people drop us an email note after they call," explained VTW board member Steven Cherry. "The message count peaked in the late afternoon at over 70 per minute. Many of those were from people who called several offices. By 7:30 P.M. (EST) we had gotten 14,000 messages. By Wednesday morning the count was over 18,000. And of course there are the people who called but didn't send us email. So all told, our very rough guess is there were well over 50,000 phone calls and faxes made on the one day." "The Net is coming of age, politically," said Jerry Berman, Director of the Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT), another member of the on-line coalition. Safdar, of VTW, concurred, saying, "I think Washington got the message today that there's a new grass-roots interest group around, and we're going to be a big part of the 1996 elections." (VTW's initial election activities can be found at http://www.vtw.org/pledge.) In addition to the Day of Protest, rallies are scheduled on Thursday, December 14th, in San Francisco and Seattle, and a protest will be held that day at 2:00 in New York City. The New York rally will be at the Cyber-Cafe, 273A Lafayette St from 2-3pm on Thursday, Dec 14th. Contact Steven Cherry or Shabbir J. Safdar for details. The Austin rally is planned for Tue. Dec 19th. No more information is available at this time. Information about the San Francisco rally can be obtained from http://www.hotwired.com/staff/digaman/. Information about the Seattle rally can be obtained from http://www.wnia.org/WNIA/hap/rally.html. Voters Telecommunications Watch is a volunteer organization, concentrating on legislation as it relates to telecommunications and civil liberties. VTW publishes a weekly BillWatch that tracks relevant legislation as it progresses through Congress. It publishes periodic Alerts to inform the about immediate action it can take to protect its on-line civil liberties and privacy. More information about VTW can be found on-line at gopher -p 1/vtw gopher.panix.com www: http://www.vtw.org or by writing to vtw(a)vtw.org. The press can call (718) 596-2851 or contact: Shabbir Safdar Steven Cherry shabbir(a)vtw.org stc(a)vtw.org ________________________________________________________________________ WHERE CAN I LEARN MORE? At this moment, there are several organizations with WWW sites that now have, or will have, information about the net censorship legislation and the National Day Of Protest: American Civil Liberties Union (ftp://ftp.aclu.org/aclu/) Center for Democracy and Technology (http://www.cdt.org/) Electronic Frontier Foundation (http://www.eff.org/) Electronic Privacy Information Center (http://www.epic.org/) Wired Magazine (http://www.hotwired.com/special/indecent/) Voters Telecommunications Watch (http://www.vtw.org/ or finger vtw(a)panix.com) ________________________________________________________________________ End Alert ======================================================================== ----------------------- Headers -------------------------------- _________________________ Joel M Bowers & Assoc [jmba(a)jmba.com] Multiuser Database Design [MCN,ASPN & Claris Solutions Alliance] _________________________ Voice 603-778-7494 Fax 603-778-7484 _________________________15 Curtis Road, Hampton Falls, NH 03844 --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA (617) 958-3971 "Reality is not optional." --Thomas Sowell The NEW(!) e$ Home Page: http://thumper.vmeng.com/pub/rah/ >>>>Phree Phil: Email: zldf(a)clark.net http://www.netresponse.com/zldf <<<<<

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Re: my idea of the ideal encryption tool for the masses
by Bryce 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Jiri Baum <jirib(a)cs.monash.edu.au> wrote in private e-mail: > > Apart from that, this kind of thing has been proposed before, > and (for payment at least) I've read a paper somewhere that > uses something like this to get off-line anon. e-cash with > multi-party mistrust. (Ie nobody trusts anybody.) Yes, even such klooges such as Mondex might be considered a variation on my idea. Ultimately, though, I expect this device to become my *only* interface with the Net. I don't own any long-term storage device. Instead I just rent it over the Net and encrypt any long-term data that I consider private. I do any *sensitive* processing on the CPU in my handheld computer, but if it's a big job and I don't mind people watching then I rent a CPU over the Net to chew on it. This device is perfectly portable and can be plugged into any Net jack in an office or telephone booth, or perhaps it can do wireless. The important point is that no matter where I am physically, or what long-term storage device I am using via the Net, I have complete crypto security. (Mod Tempest- surveillance, physical subversion of my crypto box, etc.) If it were done right I could use this same box for my notepad, wallet, e-mail agent, Web browser, game-player, etc. etc. etc. > (But that requires the bank to trust tamper-proof h/w; if you > give up anon, as you have, you don't need that because it only > need resist until Joe can revoke his key - easily enough done > because the shop needs to have a list of valid ones anyway. > Alternatively you can keep anon but make clearing on-line, > which results in what is usually called a digital wallet.) Hm. As often happens in these kinds of discussions, we've missed each other because of different semantic conventions or something. My idea does not depend upon tamper-proof hardware in the sense that the owner must be prevented from cracking it open, but it *does* (as does every conceivable crypto system) depend on tamper-prevention in the sense that those antagonistic to the owner must be prevented from cracking open his box! Also I haven't given up anonymity at all. Oh! You mean in my example of Joe paying at the grocery store. Well he can have a pseudonymous account at that store if he wants. There is certainly no *necessity* to give up self-identity-control in any way. > > It only does this in response to some kind of > > authentication-action from Joe himself. Perhaps he > > inputs a 4-digit PIN. (It should be designed so that > ... > > Fingerprint scan? I thought about that but I personally wouldn't trust it. It might fail to recognize my fingerprint at an important moment. Besides, I hate the thought of a mugger taking my index finger also when he takes my wallet... Regards, Bryce signatures follow "To strive, to seek, to find and not to yield." -Tennyson <a href="http://www.c2.org/~bryce/Niche.html"> bryce(a)colorado.edu </a> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.6.2 Comment: Auto-signed under Unix with 'BAP' Easy-PGP v1.01 iQCVAwUBMNXSW/WZSllhfG25AQEF4AP9GKHbSh5RgROKFclm/fgkpI+FcZjagTo9 SBa7Kdn9sFczdk23u6mHbKufDKFJO5oyri5MOPvU2QZwa9iP3zGjaBKcS6QbSOJ2 c4W71cFVJ+YZw8nnsMGwNmdISl2T0VYjQo/za4D2blZMRGDLdHgcl/E3FfTXxn5K vBEUglr59Gs= =ksB+ -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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ZD Net Update v.1 #4
by wwwziff＠internet.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

______________________ZD Net Update_______________________ v. 1 #4 12-11-95 Welcome to ZD Net Update, the free E-mail newsletter created especially for registered users of Ziff-Davis Interactive's ZD Net/World Wide Web Edition. ZD Net Update is a bi-weekly bulletin that alerts you to new and exciting developments on ZD Net. In this issue: > YAHOO, ZIFF-DAVIS ANNOUNCE PLAN TO JOIN FORCES > PC MAGAZINE UNWRAPS ITS 1995 HOLIDAY GIFT GUIDE > COMPUTING TRAILBLAZER HELPS YOU "BUY IT ONLINE" * * * * * * * * * * YAHOO, ZIFF-DAVIS ANNOUNCE PLAN TO JOIN FORCES On Tuesday, December 12, Yahoo Corp. and Ziff-Davis Publishing Co. announced a strategic relationship that establishes a new, Web- driven publishing model for delivering content via print, online, and CD ROM. The relationship leverages the expertise and brand names of Yahoo, operator of the leading directory on the Web, and Ziff- Davis, the leading publisher of computer magazines and computing content online, including ZD Net. The new alliance is initially focused on two media products: Yahoo Internet Life and ZD/Yahoo Computing. Yahoo Internet Life is an interactive magazine based on one of the most popular sites on the World Wide Web. ZD/Yahoo Computing seeks to become the ultimate value-added, online directory of computing resources on the Web. Yahoo Internet Life combines a Web site, a print publication, and a CD ROM. Each issue of the quarterly magazine will include a CD ROM that contains virtually everything in the magazine as well as the software that users need to connect to the Web. The print version of Yahoo Internet Life will debut on newsstands in February 1996. Bill Machrone, Editor-in-Chief of ZD Internet Life and Ziff-Davis's Vice President of Technology, was named Editor-in-Chief of Yahoo Internet Life. ZD/Yahoo Computing will be the definitive online guide to finding and using computing resources on the Web. It will incorporate an enhanced version of The Computing Trailblazer, a popular feature of the ZD Net Web site that reviews computing sites on the Internet, as well as new features to help people find computing products, companies, and services. ZD/Yahoo Computing will be available in early 1996. For more information about the announcement, including a Shockwave file and VDOLive video clips, check out the ZD Public Relations site at: http://www.zdnet.com/pr/ * * * * * * * * * * PC MAGAZINE UNWRAPS ITS 1995 HOLIDAY GIFT GUIDE The holidays are fast approaching, you're faced with tons of folks who need gifts, and you have no idea what to buy them. How to get in the holiday spirit? Don't despair. Your shopping list may be long, but PC Magazine's list of gift ideas is bound to be longer. The editors at PC Magazine have gathered 101 of the best educational and entertainment products to hit the shelves since last holiday season. Nearly all of these products are Windows-based, except for the games, most of which run under DOS. For the youngest folks on your list, the Kids' Software section includes a selection of learning games covering all the basic subject areas, many of which star characters the kids will recognize. For those hard-to-please gamers, this holiday offers an abundance of riches in all categories: action and adventure games, arcade games and puzzles, strategy and simulation games, and sports games. Looking for something a bit less frivolous? Then check out the reference offerings and the selection of personal productivity software. For gadget lovers, there's a fun and funky array of PC peripherals that would look great on any desktop. And don't miss the list of 10 great gifts under $35. So forget about fretting over that holiday shopping list. PC Magazine gives you 101 reasons to celebrate this holiday season. Discover a little holiday cheer at: http://www.zdnet.com/~pcmag/issues/1422/pcm00154.htm * * * * * * * * * * COMPUTING TRAILBLAZER HELPS YOU "BUY IT ONLINE" Looking for an easier way to get your hands on the latest hardware and software? Why not go online? Introducing "Buy It Online," the newest category in The Computing Trailblazer, Ziff-Davis's guide to computing resources on the Web. Each of the nearly two dozen sites that are reviewed in Buy It Online offers a strong selection of computer products for sale, and many also enable online purchasing (which is likely to become a firm requirement for this category in the near future). Some of the sites provide links to manufacturers' sites and other Internet resources of value to their customers. Others are just plain fun to visit for their contests, downloads, and freebies. A few are works in progress that show great potential. What are the common characteristics that mark the better sites? For starters, secure credit-card transactions, up-to-date price lists, and catalog items that link to product information combining overview articles, feature lists, and tech specs. If you order computer products on the Web, please click the Feedback button tell the Trailblazer editors what your experience was like. Good or bad, Trailblazer wants to know about it. For the latest word on the best computing sites, including more than 300 (and growing) site-reviews under familiar computer headings, check out Trailblazer today at http://www.zdnet.com/~zdi/tblazer/ * * * * * * * * * * ZD Net Update is the official newsletter of ZD Net/World Wide Web Edition. It is compiled by Tom Schmidt (tom_schmidt(a)zd.com) Feel free to respond with news, notes, comments, or suggestions. To unsubscribe to ZD Net Update, point your browser to: http://www.zdnet.com/cgi-bin/ziffmail.pl/update and select "Unsubscribe to ZD Net Update."

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