December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

Utah as a Religious Police State
by Tom Lojewski 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

How do I get *off* this list?!! >Date: Wed, 2 Oct 1996 08:47:56 -0700 (PDT) >From: "John C. Randolph" <jcr(a)idiom.com> >To: cypherpunks(a)toad.com >Subject: Utah as a Religious Police State >X-Newsreader: NN version 6.5.0 #1 (NOV) >Sender: owner-cypherpunks(a)toad.com > > >Moroni says: > >>I never cease to be surprised by the interest that gentiles show >>in working mormon communities while totally neglecting their own >>failing areas. > >I don't do a lot of nit-picking on this mailing list, but: > >I am a Jew. *You* are a gentile. So are all the rest of the mormons. >Get this point straight. > >-jcr > > > > > --------------------------------------------------------- Tom Lojewski - ProNet Consulting - lojewski(a)earthlink.net

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crypto cd once more
by Remo Pini 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit To: cypherpunks(a)toad.com Date: Thu Oct 03 08:19:15 1996 Does anyone know about interoperability of cd-rom filesystems? Questions are: 1) is there a system that can handle unix, windows and mac filenames (long ones!)? 2) if not, is zip-support given on mac and unix systems? 3) does anyone have suggestions on how to deal with the problem? See yall, remo pini - ------< fate favors the prepared mind >------ Remo Pini rp(a)rpini.com PGP: http://www.rpini.com/crypto/crypto.html - ----< words are what reality is made of >---- -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.6.3i Charset: noconv Comment: http://www.rpini.com/crypto/crypto.html iQEVAwUBMlNa5BFhy5sz+bTpAQGHNAgAoW00xM24bxwb1THRA9AjzzNHY12TBo/m CUz5+l0gDHxNi3+r+ys4QS1lrcj13BN0Xl71wHMjGvYnM86z+nB0loX8WIHep8h2 2M0PLOSGUdiJi8Ga+iB0LbzESBZWAokBF99ChXWVrtd6DBizfwBsPxNzENly1ZI3 2/gly09Z7L8HCa+PYpPI1S5IRqJqp14MDOFbCxLc3Nf5b9Pufp+GQPoxPp9o21nI rYOAoK7ylKhCcZoPEC3asFL7y/uLyDWS8J8ypLC3d84Op9jQ1DJGPpRSk1Z2oEWQ /FuKTC1tzyH8bGEDXX35rhlyudHqH2Se6shjq3l8CiM2S7pJMHqJzA== =qU3O -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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KOTM [Important]
by nobody＠huge.cajones.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

The Kook of the Month wrote: > >Dave Temple <dtemple(a)ashland.edu> writes: >> I joined this list knowing next to nothing about cryptography. I > >You're not alone. Timmy May (fart) and many other spammers on this list >still know next to nothing about cryptography, despite posting dozens of >inane rants every day. Vulis, you are an asshole. me

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Re: Can we kill single DES?
by jim bell 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 03:40 AM 10/2/96 +0000, attila wrote: > > no, I certainly do not think hardware in particular is a bad > idea. > >.I assume >.that it would be generally straighforward to build a cracking chip that >.tries 10 million keys per second, with a great deal of internal parallelism >.and pipelining. >. > >.Now, THAT sounds like a real threat! > > particulary if the design emphasizes unlimited linear extension! > >.An even more ominous configuration would involve perhaps 50 >.chips per full-length board, seven boards installed in a stripped-down PC, >.which would produce a crack in 4 months average with one system alone. >. > without a doubt, this is the best approach, but you will find > the chassis have a mix of ISA and PCI, or in some cases like I > specify, they will be EISA and PCI . It seems to me that very little communication over the ISA/PCI bus should be necessary. If the Custom/FPGA/Whatever chips are reasonably self-managing, you'd just need to query them every second or so to see if they've found a solution yet. (My WAG is that the chips would be initially set up to start checking at a particular key, with the decrypt done and the checking for equality with the target data done automatically. If the data is the same as the target data, the processor would halt (possibly setting some sort of daisy-chained interrupt?) and wait to be queried by the host processor. Otherwise it would increment the key, and try again at 10 million checks per second. The whole thing would probably be fully pipelined, for obvious reasons.) Putting "N" such chips on a board should be quite doable, with an essentially unlimited expandability, possibly in large (10 by 10? 20 by 20?) arrays, but then you couldn't install it directly as an ISA card. Admittedly this is all just trivial layout work, but as you pointed out it would be nice if the package was reasonably slick-looking. Making a 10-by-10-by-10(card) cube would be theatrical, if nothing else. (as I understand it, immersing the whole thing in a vat of Freon to keep the chips cool and watching the thing bubble merrily away is great fun.) Remember that part of this project may be to bring such a device to a Congressional hearing as a prop, and say that "this box can crack a DES encrypt in an average of 1.5 months" or something like that. > I know where there is a 20 slot PCI passive backplane in a > rack mount for $350 and I think the vendor has P133 cards with > either 128 or 512 M 72 pin slots. 512M is about 4,000 smackaroos > at this point. I wouldn't imagine the power of the host computer would be at all relevant, however. Right? And DRAM requirements should be, well, fairly small. > PCI is much easier to interface than ISA and you have the bus > bandwidth to support the processor to co-processor transfer rates. This confuses me. Are you anticipating that the host processor would be doing a substantial amount of the work? > I'm not going to go through the mental masturbation of what DSPs > and FNGAs could manage in iterations/second until there is a firmer > design, but 350 chain/parallel or tiered chips sounds like it might > be more than 10% of the way to a terawhatever. _IF_ the amount of handshaking needed from the host processor is extremely low, there is essentially no limit to how many such processors could be attached to even a low-power '386 or so. > >.So how would all this be done? First, write a serious proposal for the >.project and circulate it among companies with fab capacity. > > disagree, I would not even consider begging at the door of any > charitable fab until the design, and probably the layout, is in > the can. we might find it necessary to expand the trace depending > on the capabilities of the offered facilty, thereby by burning > both more power, and reducing our yield per wafer. > > secondly, circulating a proposal among the hungry pack is > shopping around, which is almost always suicidal in raising money > and finding manufacturing partners. they all know each other, and > you will end up with a "decision by commitee" and we know > committees are always formed to absolve the participants of blame > for failing to act, or whatever. Well, I can't say I have any experience in the area of trying to stir up support for a project in this area, but I think it would at least be nice to know that there is a willing fab BEFORE the design is completed. For one thing, fabs have small but significant differences in their capabilities. Two layers of poly and two of metal are probably more than enough to accomplish this, but taking advantage of greater capabilities wouldnt' be possible if the design had already been completed. I'd sure hate to hear, "yeah, we can give you a two-layer-metal process, but your 3-layer metal design won't fit!" BTW, I'm not rejecting the idea of using an FPGA. Other people know a lot more about their current capabilities than I do, and if they know a modern FPGA will implement a DES crack, great. The big advantage of an FPGA is that it is a relatively high-volume product and it shouldn't be hard to either get a donation of them or buy them for a reasonable price. On the other hand, can they really implement all the internal logic required to crack DES? A custom chip would make this trivial, I'd think. > on the other hand, I may personally have a rather strong > distaste for selected reviewing, but it does give a taker some- > thing to crow about, that he was honoured to float this little > package.... part of this is getting to the 'good-feeling' state > where the CEO thinks he will be a hero. This may be another reason to shop around for the fab early. Some people may be hard to convince, or perhaps they would be willing to help if they were given a certain number of months to plan. > >.Likewise, find a politically-sympathetic designer with access to IC >.layout software, etc. > > that, and determining what form or methodology will optimize > the design itself, are the two criticial first steps. until that is > resolved, nothing should be done; and get a provisional layout > before finding the big sponser. I can see that figuring out the approximate size of the chip, as well as power consumption (defines the package, pin count, etc) is important. >.The way I see it, there has to be a huge amount of >.unused 0.5-0.7 micron IC capacity around the world. >. > yes, in older fabs. but the < 1u lines are loaded as of the > August summary. Maybe they're all busy building DRAMs! Associated with that 80% drop in DRAM prices between January of this year and today, is what I've vaguely heard is an approximate doubling in part volume. >.Remember, we're only >.talking about a few hundred wafers. >. > the real issue is a working prototype --if it's ready to go, > there should be no trouble persuading a fab to run a batch. > I think the Tylan and Therm etchers are loading about 100 > six inch wafers and eight inch may be on line. a six inch > wafer has 27 sqin total and depending on the size of the > individual > >.Anyway, the way I see it, you're probably going to burn up over a million >.dollars worth of ELECTRICITY alone on a single crack with Pentiums. >. > 4500 machines for $1M per year power? Well, let's see. Assume we're talking 150 watts of power per computer, at a price of about 10 cents per kwh. That's 3.6 kwh per day, or 36 cents per day. This works out to about $131 per computer-year, or $591,000 of electricity for 4500 machines. Okay, I was a little off, but you get the point. Obviously, things would help out a bit if the monitor were turned off, or the hard drives were shut down, etc, or you were in an area with cheaper electricity. >.Maybe Microsoft would be willing to help? After all, it is THEY who are >.going to be limited to DES-strength exports if things continue as they've >.been going. > > you wish to hand over the project to Billy? so all our good > designers are shunted off into never-never land as Billy stands > up in the spotlight and claims it was his brain, and the muscle he > created in MicroSlop, who proved his boot sector virus and pretty > programmer whupped the big bad government, who was trampling on > our rights? > > "I, and I mean 'I and my billions,' solved this trivial > DES problem, and I, and I mean 'I,' am the champion of > your god given rights as promised in the Bill of Rights." > > count me out; Billy and Big Ears are a perfect pair, they think > they walk on the same water! Well, okay, but let's not burn our bridges too quick. >.How about Intel? > > well, at least Andy Grove would not pull a Bill Gates. however, > Grove and company are very bottom line oriented and turn around > has been proven to be pretty slow in most of their fab plants --but > they have a special section of engineering knock-up. I believe > both Silicon Gulch and Hillsboro have 'em. I suppose one possible problem with Intel is that most of their fabs are likely to be dedicated to extremely high-value parts, as opposed to garden-variety MOS. Jim Bell jimbell(a)pacifier.com

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RE: The Right to Keep and Bear Crypto
by Mullen Patrick 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

[Assumptions: Crypto is arms. We have the right to bear arms. Therefore: We have the right to bear crypto.] Following along with the news stories, it would seem the USG doesn't disagree with this logic. What they are attempting to do is limit world distribution, *not* internal distribution. Even with the new key recovery idea, crypto which remains in the US will continue to be unregulated. Another fear is that the administration is using export limits to control domestic use of encryption. While Gore directly stated yesterday that domestic use of encryption will remain unregulated, the double standard for domestic ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ and international products might discourage U.S. companies from developing two different versions, leaving U.S. and Canadian customers with the same products that the federal government has deemed safe to ship overseas. [_GAK_Rat_Pack_, John Young, 3 Oct 96] This may (will?) limit the products which are produced by large corporations, as their need for a single, globally distributable product is respected. However, smaller companies who have neither the desire nor finances to distribute their product on a global scale will be unaffected. Shareware/ freeware products will also be unaffected (unless someone from another country pulls it off a website, or similar means). However, all of this is irrelevant, because I must say, Tim May has the proper idea -- We may have the right to bear crypto, but the government has the right to limit the types/amounts of crypto we bear. ** Success in this matter is classifying crypto as speech ** I read somewhere (probably here) about a case which was (was destined??) to be a precedent for crypto as speech. All I can remember was something about the code being classified as speech, or something like that. Sorry I can't quite remember what it was. Anyone have any suggestions/references? Patrick

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Conspiracy Stuff: Ron Brown's death and Crypto ...
by Ernest Hua 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Too much fun for the conspiracy buffs ... Did Ron Brown's plane really fly off course due to pilot error? No, don't even bother replying to me on this matter. I'm just up too late, and I tossing this one out there on a whim ... Ern -------- INCLUDED ARTICLE (From: New York Times "CyberTimes"): Commerce Department Urges Easing of Encryption Controls By Bloomberg Business News WASHINGTON - The Commerce Department will recommend easing export controls on encryption software after a study by the department and the National Security Agency found that American companies are being hurt, Commerce Secretary Ronald H. Brown said last week. Such a move may pit Mr. Brown against the military and intelligence agencies, setting the stage for a White House battle over one of the last computer technologies still covered by export controls. "I'm interested in promoting American exports," Mr. Brown said in an interview on Friday. "If your foreign competitors are exporting products with encryption capability and you are not, that puts you at a tremendous competitive disadvantage." The Government bans United States companies from exporting encryption software - hard-to-break computer codes that turn information, like files and credit card numbers, into indecipherable material that can be sent across computer networks without fear of tampering. The United States justifies the export restrictions by saying law-enforcement agencies would be hamstrung in their efforts to stop terrorists or spies from using encryption to send information worldwide.

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[FACTS] Mountain Meadows Massacre
by attila 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

AFTER THIS POST, ALL RELIGION MUST GO OFF THE LIST! see banner below First, in re: Dimitri's scurrilous attack: to paraphrase Winston Churchill... Dimitri: "attila, you are drunk!" Attila: "ah, Dimitri, you are ignorant, but I shall be sober in the morning!" I have met some pretty ignorant and some pretty violent men in my life; despite your alledged education, you are a social abomination, an uncivilized boar, rooting in the gardens of civilization, snorting your pleasure while distorting facts and reason. You obviously fattened too long at the table of eminent Russian diplomats like Kruschev, or even the brooding Brezenev. If you must practice barbarism, go ahead --but go home. Life is short enough without a constant stream of filth and errors from an obviously small, illiterate, and undisciplined mind. Now, concerning the completely ignorant, erroneus, and slanderous comment of Dimitri, the facts will follow the usual disclaimer: *************************************************************** I am neither an authority of nor a representative of "The Church of Jesus Christ and the Latter Day Saints" of which our current living Prophet, President Gordon B. Hinckley, is the sole authority to this world. I do not speak for the Church, nor am I a recognized historian and/or spokesman for the Church. Any opinions stated herein are my viewpoints as discerned from my studies of religion, in particular the historical aspect of the Church, and I accept all responsibilty for same. ******************************************************************* If some of the list wish to either ask questions RESPONSIBLY or conduct a shared learning experience of the Mormon religious, community, and work ethic, please drop me a personal note, and I will both answer reasonable questions, and serve as moderator of a list if there is sufficient interest. I think the libertarian faction in particular might be both surprised and *stunned* by many of the actual conditions in Utah versus preconceived views. ******************************************************************* now, back to our regularly scheduled programming <g> the following is a compilation of information which is as reasonable a representation of the foul deed as I could assemble. <html><head><title> Mountain Meadows Summary </title></head></html> <body bgcolor="#0070c0" text=ffffff link=ff0000 vlink=00ffff alink=ff0000> Regardless of whatever the facts, fears, and motives; under pressure from the Paiute Indians, who had already surrounded the wagons, Mountain Meadows remains as the sole instance of an essentially unprovoked attack which possibly may have been assisted by a few Mormons; Mormons who rarely even raised arms to defend themselves, and who trusted in the Lord to protect and preserve them. the wagon train in question at Mountain Meadows, which is about 10-15 miles south of Enterprise and 40 miles northwest of St. George on the Spanish Trail was beseiged by the Paiute Indians who had tolerated the wagon trains for many years. However, this train was insufficiently provisioned and they plundered both the Indians and the few settlers in the region for provisions. With at least 50 armed and mounted men, they were a significant force in the region at that time. The Paiutes called on the local Mormons to help destroy them, or face attack from the Indians themselves. Perceiving the wagon train as part of the general threat to their community, John D. Lee alledgedly lured them from their wagon train and the Paiute murdered all but a few of the children. However, given the continued persecution of the Saints for almost thirty years, persecution which even followed them to vast empty lands of the Utah Desert, the belief the wagon train was a group of prior persecutors from Missouri, and the imminent presence of a full United States Army to occupy Utah, there was substantial and justifiable fear among Lee and his fellow settlers. The true facts of John D. Lee's actual involvement in the Massacre will never be known. There is no positive indication that anyone other than Lee was involved; the community he founded immediately shunned him, even to the point of threats and ostracizing his children. Given John D. Lee's fervor, he may have made the decision himself, therefore assuming the responsibility in the eye of a very biased federal territorial judge sent from Washington to enforce new federal laws which encompassed confiscation of Mormon property and dissolving the church. Despite Lee's denials, and no material witnesses of fact. John D. Lee was tried a second time and executed more than ten years after the incident. It is recorded that Jon D. Lee walked to his execution at Mountain Meadows after his bitter final declaration, saying to his executioners: "...aim for the heart, boys. Don't sully the flesh." Unfortunately, the Mountain Meadows is always one of the first items printed; in this case, even of questionable historical accuracy, after the usual overstated references to polygamy without regard for the economic and social necessity of the extended families in a society with so many more widowed and unmarried women then there were men, to assemble complete family units. Polygamy, for instance, existed in the Old Testament times, basically for the same reasons, and with basically similar rules. John D. Lee Biography John D. Lee - Last Words </body></html> NOW, LET'S KEEP THIS OFF THE LIST. join the newsgroup alt.religion.mormon if you wish to argue; it has been "sniper's alley" ever since its founding. **************************************************************************** .> Ryan Russell/SYBASE writes: .> .> > I guess that depends on your definition of liberty. The Mormons > > originally moved there to have a place to practice their religion, > > and have freedom from persecution. I suppose one could extend that > > to wanting a place to have the freedom to have a set of rules consistant > > with their beliefs. Should that include freedom from interferance from > > folks such as yourself who want to change their rules, even though > > you're not presently effected? .On Sun, 29 Sep 1996, Dr.Dimitri Vulis KOTM wrote: .> .> It's worth noting that one of Utah mormons favorite pastimes was to ambush .> the settlers heading for California, kill them all, and take their property .> However the mormons were dealt with much less severely than the .> local Indians who tried the same tricks. Pity. .> on 10/02/96 at 10:28 PM, "Paul S. Penrod" <furballs(a)netcom.com> said: .Ah yes, the Mountain Meadows Massacre. I was wondering when you might trot .that little bit of revisionist history out for display. BTW, its your .revison of history, not the way it was recorded by many other sources, .including first hand accounts by people who had witnessed the whole affair .and recorded it in their journals, some of which made it to the National .Archives and was researched almost 8 years ago in order to raise a monument .to those mem and women who were felled there courtesy of a miscommunication, .a late communication and the US Calvary. .You might want to read a *real* historical account of what actually happened .before sounding off and leading the rest of us to believe you are a graduate .of the Leon Panneta Fact Reporting School of Spin Doctoring. ....Paul -- "I don't make jokes. I just watch the government and report the facts." --Will Rogers

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Re: crypto cd once more
by Rick Osborne 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

>Questions are: >1) is there a system that can handle unix, windows and mac filenames > (long ones!)? >2) if not, is zip-support given on mac and unix systems? >3) does anyone have suggestions on how to deal with the problem? I have a CDR sitting right next to me and this is how it handles your questions: 1) This CDR can burn in 4 modes: 1. ISO xxxx compliant (without trailing version numbers on filenames), 2. strict DOS 8.3, 3. Joliet (DOS 8.3 & Win95 up to 63 chars), 4. Romeo (strict Win95 up to 128 chars). According to the help, option 1 is made to be at least Mac readable. It doesn't mention UNIX, though. 2) Yes. 3) No problem: use this CDR. If you want info on the particular CDR, email me personally. Rick Osborne Overall Internet Stud osborne(a)gateway.grumman.com ====================================================================== 'Zog? What do you mean zog? Zog what? Zog yes, Zog no?'

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Re: VENONA Project; KGB files reveal clue that broke British spy
by dlv＠bwalk.dm.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

>From belarus(a)solar.rtd.utk.edu Wed Oct 2 19:30:59 1996 Received: by bwalk.dm.com (1.65/waf) via UUCP; Wed, 02 Oct 96 20:43:54 EDT for dlv Received: from SOLAR.RTD.UTK.EDU by uu.psi.com (5.65b/4.0.061193-PSI/PSINet) via SMTP; id AA20681 for dlv(a)bwalk.dm.com; Wed, 2 Oct 96 19:30:59 -0400 Received: from (LOCALHOST.rtd.utk.edu) by solar.rtd.utk.edu; Wed, 2 Oct 96 19:25:40 EDT Date: Wed, 2 Oct 96 19:25:40 EDT Message-Id: <2.2.32.19961002203102.006d4274(a)direct.ca> Errors-To: kasaty(a)seanet.com Reply-To: belarus(a)solar.rtd.utk.edu Originator: belarus(a)solar.rtd.utk.edu Sender: belarus(a)solar.rtd.utk.edu Precedence: bulk From: Stefan Lemieszewski <stefanl(a)direct.ca> To: Multiple recipients of list <belarus(a)solar.rtd.utk.edu> Subject: VENONA Project; KGB files reveal clue that broke British spy X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0b -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas X-Comment: BELARUS issues and communication Fyi for any researchers in this field, accompanied by a related article in The Daily Telegraph. Stefan Lemieszewski ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ The VENONA Project "In July 1995 the Intelligence Community ended a 50-year silence regarding one of cryptology's most splendid successes - the VENONA Project. VENONA was the codename used for the U.S. Signals Intelligence effort to collect and decrypt the text of Soviet KGB and GRU messages from the 1940's. These messages provided extraordinary insight into Soviet attempts to infiltrate the highest levels of the United States Goverment.=20 Today, we are proud to offer these exceptional documents on the NSA home page and we invite you to study and interpret them in the context of history. NSA will declassify over 2200 messages related to VENONA. We believe they will not only provide a window into Soviet espionage during the 1940's, but will also give you a glimpse of the important contributions signals intelligence and cryptographic expertise make to our nation's security. " The above quote is from from the introduction to the VENONA Project by Mr. William P. Crowell, Deputy Director, National Security Agency You can find Venona at:=20 http://www.nsa.gov:8080/docs/venona/ddir.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- The article below is from The Daily Telegraph, October 2, 1996: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- KGB files reveal clue that broke British spy ring By Michael Smith=20 The name's Bond, Vladimir Bond THE intercepted KGB messages that detail Moscow's dealings with the British spies Kim Philby, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess were released by GCHQ yesterday. The move was forced on the Cheltenham spy base by the Americans, who released on to the Internet the results of Operation Venona, the top-secret project to decipher Moscow Centre's communications with its foreign stations. The files placed in the Public Record Office at Kew yesterday include the vital clue that led to the collapse of the Cambridge spy ring. They also name another Cambridge-based spy, Dr Theodore Hall, an American who worked inside the Manhattan Project, the secret programme to develop the atom bomb. He was never prosecuted and still lives in England. But it is Maclean, recruited by Philby while he was still a Cambridge student, who emerges as the jewel in the KGB's crown. In April 1944, as a rising star in the Foreign Office, he was posted to the Washington embassy. The deciphered messages show he gave the Russians a wealth of information on Anglo-American relations and their secret post-war agreements, including the exchanges of atomic secrets. Since his wife Melinda was pregnant and living with her mother in New York, Maclean had the perfect excuse to go there every weekend to pass the information on to his KGB control, away from the routine surveillance of diplomats in Washington. MI5 narrowed down those names to a handful of people who would have had access to the top-secret exchanges between London and Washington It was not until 1949 that the Venona team managed to break into the messages from New York to Moscow containing the information provided by Maclean, who was identified by the cover name Homer. Philby, who was posted to Washington as an intelligence liaison officer shortly after the messages were deciphered, described how the FBI concluded that any one of 6,000 people might have been Homer. "It had so far occurred neither to them nor the British that a diplomat was involved, let alone a fairly senior diplomat," he said. "Instead, the investigation had concentrated on non-diplomatic employees of the embassy." But slowly, MI5 narrowed down those names to a handful of people who would have had access to the top-secret exchanges between London and Washington. Then in April 1951, the Venona cryptanalysts found the vital clue in one of the messages. For part of 1944, Homer had had regular contacts with his Soviet control in New York - using his pregnant wife as an excuse. The names had been narrowed down to just one - Donald Maclean. Tipped off by Philby, who had access to the Venona material, he fled to Moscow with Burgess. Dr Hall is the Cambridge scientist named in the files as the KGB's main spy in the Los Alamos complex in New Mexico, where the US atomic bomb was developed. He refused to comment last night. He came to Britain in the 1950s after US intelligence discovered that he was Mlad, the man who along with his British colleague Klaus Fuchs gave the Russians the technical details of the so-called Manhattan Project. Fuchs, a German emigr=E9 who became a naturalised British citizen, became a KGB spy in 1941 Because he never confessed, the authorities could not prosecute him without giving away the extent to which the KGB messages were being read. Dr Hall, who is now 70 and suffering from terminal cancer and Parkinson's disease, still lives with his wife Joan in a semi-detached house in Cambridge. Within the university, where he worked until the mid-1980s, he is renowned for his pioneering work on biological X-ray microanalysis, which allows scientists to work out the presence of various elements within living matter. Hall was a brilliant man who was already a Harvard graduate when, at the age of 19, he was recruited first by the Manhattan Project and then, almost immediately, by the KGB. As well as providing technical explanations of the atomic processes, Dr Hall gave Moscow a complete list of universities doing work on the Manhattan Project so the KGB could seek out other agents within them. The files show that he and Fuchs were far more important than the more famous Julius Rosenberg, cover named Liberal, and his wife Ethel, who were both sent to the electric chair. Fuchs, a German emigr=E9 who became a naturalised British citizen, became a KGB spy in 1941. He confessed and in 1950 was sentenced at the Old Bailey to 14 years' jail. In the mid-1950s he was allowed to go to East Germany, where he died in= 1988.

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Justice Dept completes second phase of CDA appeal, from HotWired
by Declan McCullagh 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Thu, 3 Oct 1996 04:47:33 -0700 (PDT) From: Declan McCullagh <declan(a)well.com> To: fight-censorship(a)vorlon.mit.edu Subject: Justice Dept completes second phase of CDA appeal, from HotWired http://www.hotwired.com/netizen/96/40/special3a.html HotWired, The Netizen 3 October 1996 CDA and the Supremes by Declan McCullagh (declan(a)well.com) Washington, DC, 2 October Racing against a midnight deadline, the Justice Department late Monday evening completed the second phase of its appeal to the Supreme Court after its initial loss in the Communications Decency Act lawsuit. The solicitor general only has to argue in the 28-page jurisdictional statement that there's a substantial constitutional issue at stake in this lawsuit - something transparently obvious to anyone who's been following the CDA court battle. The next move is up to the attorneys from the American Civil Liberties Union and the American Library Association. They plan to file a motion asking the High Court to uphold the Philadelphia court's decision without scheduling a full hearing. Chris Hansen, who heads the ACLU legal team handling the CDA case, says that if the Supreme Court grants their motion, it would effectively be saying "the lower court was so deeply correct" that the justices don't need to learn more about the case. As a legal tactic, it means the more censor-happy justices couldn't water down the Philadelphia judges' unanimous decision upholding free speech online. "Anytime the Supreme Court decides the case with a full briefing, there's no guarantee that we'll win - or win in the same terms," Hansen says. But because this is a precedent-setting and controversial lawsuit, the Supremes almost certainly will want to hear the appeal themselves. When the justices place this case on the court's calendar, they'll likely give both parties a few months to file the next stage of the lawsuit, which will be a strained and torturous collection of arguments from the government trying to explain why the lower court was wrong. Then oral arguments will be held next spring. The solicitor general's jurisdictional statement itself largely summarizes the arguments the government has already made. It does additionally argue, however, that a cable television indecency case the High Court decided after the June CDA decision buttresses the government's defense of the law: "Because the CDA's definition of indecency is almost identical to the decision [the Supreme Court] upheld against a vagueness challenge ... that decision reinforces the conclusion that the CDA's restrictions are not unconstitutionally vague." Not so, says the ACLU's Hansen: "Even if that were true, it wouldn't change the result in our case. All three judges in our case thought the CDA was flawed in other ways besides vagueness." The government also cites the Shea v. Reno lawsuit - a weaker case that challenges half of the CDA - that Joe Shea filed in Manhattan earlier this year on behalf of his online publication, the American Reporter. Shea won only a partial victory on 29 July, which the DOJ is now exploiting: "The three-judge court in Shea v. Reno ... held that the CDA's definition of indecency is not unconstitutionally vague. The district court in this case erred in reaching a contrary conclusion." [...]

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