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EFF Summary of May 3 1994 Clipper and Digital Telephony Hearings
by Stanton McCandlish 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

EFF SUMMARIES ============= May 4, 1994 __________________________ Contents: * Senate Subcommittee on Technology and the Law holds Clipper Hearing * House Subcommittee on Technology, Environment and Aviation holds hearing on Clipper and Digital Telephony proposals; EFF's Executive Director Jerry Berman and Board Member David Farber testify __________________________ SENATE SUBCOMMITTEE HOLDS CLIPPER HEARING ----------------------------------------- The Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Technology and the Law held a hearing on Tuesday (5/3) to examine the Administration's "Clipper Chip" Key Escrow Encryption proposal. Witnesses included Asst. Atty. Gen. Jo Ann Harris (Criminal Justice Division), NIST Deputy Director Raymond Kammer, Whitfield Diffie (of Sun Microsystems), Stephen Walker (President, Trusted Information Systems), and NSA director Vice Adm. J. M. McConnell. The discussion touched on a number of key issues, including the necessity of the Clipper proposal for law enforcement; the privacy interests of network users; the costs associated with implementing the Clipper scheme; export controls; and whether those intending to use communications networks to break the law would actually use Clipper as opposed to other encryption schemes. Although a variety of views were offered, few new developments emerged in this controversial debate. Assistant Attorney General Harris and NIST's Ray Kammer both stated that the Clipper Scheme and Key Escrow system would not provide law enforcement with any new surveillance abilities. Rather, Harris argued, Clipper is analogous to a translator. Harris stated, "All Clipper does is, after a court has authorized interceptions of communications, is that we get the ability to understand the content of legitimately intercepted communications". The Administration continues to maintain that the market would accept the Clipper standard based on the assumption that it is the strongest encryption scheme, regardless of who holds the keys. When pressed by Sen. Leahy on this issue, as well as on the question of whether criminals or terrorist organizations would be willing to use the Clipper standards, neither witness offered any assurances, and admitted that this is still an open question. Senator Leahy expressed skepticism: "I have serious questions about whether any sophisticated criminal or terrorist organization is going to use the one code endorsed by the U.S. Government and for which U.S. Government agents hold the decoding keys. There are a multitude of alternative encryption methods commercially available. If Clipper Chip does become the standard encryption method used by Americans, criminals may be forced to use Clipper to communicate with legitimate outsiders. But this is a big 'IF' ". In what may prove to be a significant development, NIST's Kammer conceded that additional fiscal authorization may be needed to fund the implementation of the Clipper proposal. If this is the case, Congress would be required to consider legislation to authorize funding, and at this point passage of such legislation is at best uncertain. EFF will continue to closely monitor this development, and will pass along information as it develops. Sun Microsystems Diffie urged a slow and careful approach to the Clipper issue, cautioning that a rush to implement Clipper may create a bureaucracy that would be difficult to dislodge at a later time. Diffie stressed the need for international for information security, and cautioned against attempts to use the power of technology to increase the power of government. Diffie added, "Integrity of political speech is the root of legitimate laws in a democratic society. We are in a position where if we do not make it a national priority to make privacy available", this integrity may be compromised. Steve Walker, of Trusted Information Systems, stressed the need for the removal of export control restrictions. He also countered the Administration's contention that very few foreign encryption alternatives exist; noting that his company had found over 340. Walker displayed several of these applications, and noted that because of export controls U.S. manufactures of encryption technology face a significant disadvantage on the world market. Although the Senate Hearing did not produce many new developments, it is significant to note that no members of the Subcommittee expressed outright support for the Clipper Chip proposal. Chairman Leahy, the most vocal panel member at Tuesday's hearing, was also the most skeptical, and as such the fate Clipper proposal is still very much in doubt. *** ------------------------------ HOUSE PANEL CONSIDERS CLIPPER AND DIGITAL TELEPHONY PROPOSALS ------------------------------------------------------------- Tuesday proved to be a busy day for Clipper on the Hill, as the House Science, Space and Technology Subcommittee on Technology, Environment and Aviation also considered the Clipper and Digital Telephony proposals. Witnesses on the panel included James Kallstrom of the FBI, NSA's Clinton Brooks, NIST Deputy Director Ray Kammer, Dr. Dorothy Denning, Dr. David Faber, EFF Executive Director Jerry Berman (on behalf of DPSWG), and Chmn. Willis Ware of the Congress/NIST System Security and Privacy Advisory Board. The discussion centered mainly on the Clipper issue. Unlike the Senate panel, there seemed to be some support for the Clipper proposal on the House Subcommittee. Rep. Dan Glickman (D-KS), Chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, declared his "cautious support", for the proposal, and stressed law enforcement's need for strong surveillance abilities. Subcommittee Chairman Valentine (D-NC), as well as Reps. Morella (R-MD) and Rohrabacher (R-CA) all expressed reservations. James Kallstrom urged full support of both the Clipper and Digital Telephony proposals on behalf of all law enforcement, citing the need to counter the increasing sophistication of digital communications technologies. Kallstrom painted a picture of a network populated by criminals, terrorists, and drug dealers which would pose a great danger to public safety, unless law enforcement is given the ability to intercept illegal communications. EFF's Jerry Berman countered this assertion by arguing that Clipper would only solve law enforcement's problems if criminals use it. The only way to do this, Berman added, would be to mandate the Clipper standard, something which the Administration does not claim to want to do. The only solution is for Congress to deny appropriation for Clipper and send the Administration back to the drawing board, Berman argued. Dr. Farber, appearing as an expert witness, stated that solutions to the Clipper issue will not come easily and will not come in one big step. Rather, a carefully considered and open approach is required. While stressing the need for encryption standards on communications networks, Dr. Farber cautioned against "smoke-filled-room standards" of encryption which are, in his view, likely to bead mistrust. Dr. Farber also argued for the removal of export controls on encryption technology. NSA's Clinton Brooks expressed support for Congressional Consideration of the Clipper issue. He argued that Clipper is a sound technological solution to a legitimate law enforcement and National Security dilemma, and that a public debate on its merits would eventually remove the misinformation and mistrust of government, and would prove Clipper to be in the public interest. Dr. Farber offered a strong caution to this, expressing the concern that a future administration may find it necessary to mandate the Clipper standard. Dr. Farber suggested that at the very least Congress weld into law a guarantee that Clipper remain voluntary, that the Judiciary be an escrow holder. He cautioned, in the words of Benjamin Franklin, "They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety" ************** Written testimony & documents from the hearings are available as: ftp.eff.org, /pub/EFF/Policy/Crypto/Clipper/[filename] gopher.eff.org, 1/EFF/Policy/Crypto/Clipper, [filename] gopher://gopher.eff.org/11/EFF/Policy/Crypto/Clipper, [filename] http://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/Policy/Crypto/Clipper/[filename] where [filename] is: berman_eff_clip-dt.testimony - House testimony of Jerry Berman (EFF) brooks_nsa_clip-dt.testimony - House testimony of Clint Brooks (NSA) denning_clip-dt.testimony - House testimony of Dorothy Denning farber_clip-dt.testimony - House testimony of David Farber kallstrom_fbi_clip-dt.testimony - House testimony of James Kallstrom (FBI) kammer_nist_clip-dt.testimony - House testimony of Ray Kammer (NIST) ware_csspab_clip-dt.testimony - House testimony of Willis Ware (CSSPAB) clip-dt_hearings.docs - charter, witness list, diagrams. * Senate testimony and spoken testimony from both hearings will be made available from in the same directory when obtained. This material will also be available from the EFF BBS within a day or so, at +1 202 638 6120. -- Stanton McCandlish * mech(a)eff.org * Electronic Frontier Found. OnlineActivist "In a Time/CNN poll of 1,000 Americans conducted last week by Yankelovich Partners, two-thirds said it was more important to protect the privacy of phone calls than to preserve the ability of police to conduct wiretaps. When informed about the Clipper Chip, 80% said they opposed it." - Philip Elmer-Dewitt, "Who Should Keep the Keys", TIME, Mar. 14 1994

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Keyserver service outage
by Brian A. LaMacchia 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

The public keyserver running on martigny.ai.mit.edu will be unavailable starting Thursday, May 5, 1994 at approximately 9am EDT. During the coming week, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology will begin formally distributing PGP 2.5, a new version of PGP that is based on the RSAREF 2.0 cryptographic toolkit, under license from RSA Data Security, Inc., dated March 16, 1994. When that distribution becomes available, the keyserver will return running PGP 2.5. At that time, the keyserver will no longer accept keys that are identified as having been created by versions of PGP lower than 2.4. (PGP 2.4 is Viacrypt PGP.) --Brian LaMacchia public-key-server-request(a)martigny.ai.mit.edu

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Advertisement
by nobody＠shell.portal.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

I realize that one-time pads are sort of outri these days, but what do you use when there are no computers around? I've written three programs in C which [1] construct a TeX-printable sheet of pads with pseudo-random numbers (use your own rand() function), [2] automatically encrypt a message using modular summing rather than XOR (easier to do if you don't have a computer handy), and [3] decrypt the message. They aren't the best examples of C coding, but they work. The first program is included below, conventionally encrypted with PGP. For a total of just 12 [TWELVE] Tacky Tokens I'll release the password. Please send your COIN.DAT contributions by encrypting with the PGP key below and posting to alt.test with the subject: IGNORE - NEON. Cast your bread upon the waters. -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: 2.3a mQCVAi2/ZzEAAAEEOQGMwT6H90aJMTmkf3bLdMVyJ3hyBDoh8ruQfa2x/8tTEPhs 0dyOMroWwMMFQHY5Gdc7etULE6G3W8Q8CGotwFIEUMCXEc9UBeePv3WaU3ovZ/Dz bdvnTeH8KYpQhV68bi1jvX3ahM2tk5jRwK8zP9+YHv5ZpbQlubVI6pRIYxGNuGfP zntP48UABRG0CG5lb24gPEA+ =CTOG -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Since I don't know how to do a zero-knowledge (0-k) proof, I post part of the documentation below, as proof that it exists: PAD CONSTRUCTION ---------------- Cut each pad out seperately as shown, and staple together. A hot-melt glue gun can also be used for binding. The figure "EAF45" is a random value generated as a lable for each pad (see line #12 of OTP.C). 18 12 25 04 18 13 15 19 15 12 15 10 12 08 27 29 18 24 19 20 S 24 20 17 06 25 21 12 04 00 11 T 21 16 24 08 24 28 16 20 25 04 A 02 17 11 25 12 25 02 16 16 28 P 24 12 15 10 14 08 18 00 25 29 L 10 23 07 05 07 15 08 10 18 24 E 18 02 02 22 03 25 20 25 03 14 13 14 26 09 25 11 00 16 03 10 12 18 23 20 20 17 10 02 19 23 EAF45 Page 3 (etc.) -----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE----- Version: 2.3a pgAADYzOLESSLoz1Lddh5LT3bg8J5abD8CJL16I4c+9ws8KIMpnTgJjCRWysFpfn 70huIgY6tPzmRA2P7B9/foTcQ8oMNao/FAiOw8m5Hym1SKk1OdMNL+ryWRa4okTH dtBJgAg+JNFVnM5IuKy2XGnIaDwUxuF5wsgqMzXVWr0aOMFj307IYrISubo4JarG y48cRn6UOXLIFb72+Ua1aJIwTnskfEqxvPSFUOutZEPXrRUocyTWu0udD7Jdzhu1 Iq1doB1HeG1Mm0+yppwFEevCvHZKVzueWDfCZTo/b/ia2eyUZAkq6Q4BaLW4HW1j /V4R1+zxLK/MW8jeb8OMDMpzI3iEjHM/G0fm1JCfIRa3zlbOetWthxZSDlikfKaH fhUa8usOqmXlvAl/vP2thejeGfTZFQnqiLnhtj2jmJa1EKe0RAqL8ffak7/tXJHh 188oKIOuFRyKoe2lAk2oRzhvG7L99B9OZHD05L8dZD7JsVUkat6ryV2HNNlWcHuD 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Re:Visual Basic (yes, Basic!), and "VBX" tools
by GRABOW_GEOFFREY＠tandem.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Tim May writes... >Buried deep in Bill Garland's message, I found the following: > >> 6. Learn Unix. Maybe I'll get a shell account on Sameer's machine. >> I've been a DEC RSTS/VMS Basic-Plus/VAX BASIC V2 programmer for >> too long, and I've not yet become unixificated. I don't even >> know if I could read a C++ program. I'm obsolete...again. > >Maybe not. The tide may be shifting a bit. "Visual Basic," from >Microsoft, is coming on like gangbusters for Windows programmers. I agree 100%! Just check out some of the ZIP files of Windows programs on the FTP sites. Many of them include VBRUNxxx.DLL and VBX files. These are the telltale signs that the product was written in VBASIC. Even WinPGP was written using it! G.C.G. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | Geoffrey C. Grabow | "What we demand are rigidly defined | | Oyster Bay, New York | areas of doubt and uncertainty!" | | | -------------------- | | grabow_geoffrey(a)tandem.com | Clipper, SkipJack & Digital Telephony | | | JUST SAY NO!!! | |----------------------------------------------------------------------| | PGP fingerprint = C9 95 0F C4 E9 DD 8E 73 DD 99 4E F5 EB 7A B6 1D | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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Anonymous phone calls.
by GRABOW_GEOFFREY＠tandem.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

I asked this a while ago, but my mail system has some problems and I don't know what the responses were, if any.... Is there any way to make a phone call anonymously? Caller ID can be blocked somewhat with one of those *## numbers dialed before the call is made. Is there a way to route a call through a series of phone-type remailer systems? This would allow one to make a call that would be as hard to trace as anonymous mail. Any ideas? G.C.G. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | Geoffrey C. Grabow | "What we demand are rigidly defined | | Oyster Bay, New York | areas of doubt and uncertainty!" | | | -------------------- | | grabow_geoffrey(a)tandem.com | Clipper, SkipJack & Digital Telephony | | | JUST SAY NO!!! | |----------------------------------------------------------------------| | PGP fingerprint = C9 95 0F C4 E9 DD 8E 73 DD 99 4E F5 EB 7A B6 1D | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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Re: Anonymous phone calls.
by Black Unicorn 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Is there any way to make a phone call anonymously? Caller ID can be blocked somewhat with one of those *## numbers dialed before the call is made. Is there a way to route a call through a series of phone-type remailer systems? This would allow one to make a call that would be as hard to trace as anonymous mail. Any ideas? < G.C.G. - <- There's a 1-900 number that is supposed to do this. Which I could remember what it was.

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Re: e$: Geodesic Securities Markets
by rah＠shipwright.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

I don't really want to thrash this out point by point, but I will anyway ;-). >Perry Metzger says: >>Robert Hettinga says: >> Strong crypto accomplishes 1, and e$ protocols make 2 and 3 meaningless. > >Not really. Not all commodities are fungible. Agreed. And? >Not all entities are >willing to conduct all sorts of trades with all other sorts of >entities. No, but buyers of a specific security might want to buy those securities from those who hold them... Could you elaborate on your comment, please? >Besides all that, someone has to hold physical goods, Unless it is a stock, bond, derivative, call option, etc. Most of which are "held" in offsetting book entries at brokerage houses, banks, and clearinghouses. If it's not kept there, then you need a certificate of some sort (though I'm hard pressed to have heard of a certificate for a call option, say), which might as well live on a hard drive as a desk drawer. I guess I was saying that it could be that a "certificate" on a hard drive was as tradeable, as "liquid"? as book entry in a clearinghouse. >and >investing will continue to be a realm for which expert advice is >purchased. I thought I did say that people like portfolio managers, anal(ah, I *didn't* say *analysts* back there... OK. There. I said "analysts")lysts, investment bankers etc., still played their usual roles. For example, a market analyst essentially sells his time to a brokerage house to write reports on securities. Those reports are then "sold" to the brokerage's customers in exchange for brokerage fees. They don't have to work for brokerage houses any more, even. In the institutional markets, it is now a common practice for some percentage of a commission to go on a soft-dollar basis to third party analysts for their work. (There was a time 10 years ago or so where portfolio managers were getting *junkets* to investment "seminars" in tropical locations on soft-dollars. They don't do that much anymore, I'm told.) In an e$conomy, you sell your reports direct. Newsletter writers do it already. Our "Peter Lynch" (forgive me Mister Lynch, I take your name in vain) successor sitting in Marblehead would do some background e$ transaction to have the report stuck on the screen of his trusty UltraPowerMac VXXI (next to a Ren-N-Stimpy rerun) as soon as it came out. In that case, as we said before, the mutual fund is where the investment advice, the "editing" *is* being purchased. But if an individual, or even a professional trading his own money for his own profit, wanted to trade, he only need put up one of two things to do so. Money if he's buying, of the securities if he's trading. In either case you don't really need a brokerage firm for that... Thanks Perry. Cheers, Bob ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) "There is no difference between someone Shipwright Development Corporation who eats too little and sees Heaven and 44 Farquhar Street someone who drinks too much and sees Boston, MA 02331 USA snakes." -- Bertrand Russell (617) 323-7923

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DECLINE AND FALL
by bmorris＠netcom.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

To: cypherpunks(a)toad.com SS> The important issue for Cypherpunks is how we should respond to this SS> seemingly inevitable increased mobility of capital. Does it pose a SS> threat to privacy? I'd say that those moving the money around the world would be deeply interested in privacy - their own. Not necessarily for nefarious reasons, but to protect the competition from knowing what they are doing. A 800-pound gorilla like the Fidelity Magellan Fund takes elaborate precautions to not alert the market as to what they are buying and selling. Thus, I assume, they deeply value their own privacy. Will the capital moving about the world be hostile to cypherpunks et al? I doubt it. Instead, they'll probably cherry-pick the best of crypto technology and use it for themselves. Besides, big money generally isn't thrilled by governments and usually views national boundaries as an annoyance, a view shared by many on the Net. * RM 1.4 B0037 *

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Re: Having your own computer means never having....
by nelson＠crynwr.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Date: Mon, 20 Jun 1994 02:37:42 -0400 From: snyderra(a)dunx1.ocs.drexel.edu (Bob Snyder) Cc: cypherpunks(a)toad.com What to stop him/her from shredding everything in the office? Um, because desks don't *fit* in the shredder? :) Sorry about that, but this thread *is* becoming a little silly on its own. -russ <nelson(a)crynwr.com> ftp.msen.com:pub/vendor/crynwr/crynwr.wav Crynwr Software | Crynwr Software sells packet driver support | ask4 PGP key 11 Grant St. | +1 315 268 1925 (9201 FAX) | Quakers do it in the light Potsdam, NY 13676 | LPF member - ask me about the harm software patents do.

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PC RND generator based on physical random
by jp＠jep.pld.ttu.ee 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

What you need is natural source of random. I have used clocking higher speed quarz generator with lower speed (10 x is ok ) unstable frequency oscillator and then taken parity of the result (4-5 bits is enough for most situations, depends of cource on distribution of LF generator values) . Variable Freq. oscillator is RC and higher quarz. Now as we are not willing to give up card slot (and PCB board area ands so on ) for just RND generator maybe it is good to find existing source of random in PC itself. So - do we have RC generator in PC? YES. We have 4 of them, to be exact. Most of us do not make much use of these ports, because most games do not support them correctly. But anyhow, joystick ports are there. IO card costs 10$ if you have not already got one. So I propose scheme for PC RND generator: 1. Make LF generator using Joystick ports 2. Use HF oscilltor of PC clock ( Program Execution, if any interrupts occur, it is no problem). 3. Find out the distribution of LF oscillator and calculate the needed Parity filter size. ( By parity filter I concider parity values of N last bits) 4. Use it

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