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19 Nov '05

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[jason@lunkwill.org: nym-0.5.1 released]
by Eugen Leitl 19 Nov '05

19 Nov '05

----- Forwarded message from Jason Holt <jason(a)lunkwill.org> -----

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Re: Important question
by Emilia Burroughs 18 Nov '05

18 Nov '05

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[Clips] 'Romantic Radicals'
by R. A. Hettinga 17 Nov '05

17 Nov '05

--- begin forwarded text Delivered-To: clips(a)philodox.com Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 22:42:46 -0500 To: Philodox Clips List <clips(a)philodox.com> From: "R. A. Hettinga" <rah(a)shipwright.com> Subject: [Clips] 'Romantic Radicals' Reply-To: rah(a)philodox.com Sender: clips-bounces(a)philodox.com <http://www.techcentralstation.com/111705F.html> Tech Central Station 'Romantic Radicals' By Lauren Weiner Published 11/17/2005 It is the way of the bien pensant intellectual to reason thusly: Because Senator Joseph McCarthy was a demagogue, nobody in America was rooting for Josef Stalin or helped him. And here's the logical corollary, subscribed to by the bien pensant actor and director George Clooney: Because McCarthy was a demagogue, CBS news legend Edward R. Murrow's fiery denunciations of "hysteria" about communism were not only plucky and self-righteous but uttered in defense of opinionated yet essentially innocent Americans. Some of the people Murrow spoke up for were more than just opinionated, though. Clooney's picture "Good Night and Good Luck" gives moviegoers some idea of the motive behind Murrow's famous anti-McCarthy television report, a half-hour broadcast of "See It Now" that informed a wide audience of the Wisconsin Senator's reckless way of going after people who were or were reputed to be members of the Communist Party. (McCarthy would be censured by the Senate nine months after it aired.) But the film simplifies that motive, leeching from it a whole lot of its historical import and personal drama. Murrow's March 9, 1954 "See It Now" salvo was a pre-emptive strike against "Tail Gunner Joe," who was poised to go after the newsman in retribution for covering him critically on CBS. The threat of imputing Red associations to Murrow was based on his work during the 1930s for a New York-based organization called the Institute of International Education, which promoted exchange visits for foreign scholars, including Soviet scholars. The name of this institute is bandied about several times by the characters in "Good Night and Good Luck" -- to indicate that McCarthy was digging into Murrow's past -- but there is no mention of the people who ran it. They were Murrow's mentor, Stephen Duggan, and Duggan's son, the late Laurence Duggan. And therein lies the fascinating tale. McCarthy's bullying of Murrow with the use of Duggan-related dirt infuriated him, according to Alexander Kendrick in his 1969 Murrow biography. His CBS assistant brought him the details of the accusation, and said a creepy member of McCarthy's Senate staff (depicted in the film) was waving around an old newspaper clipping as the supposed proof that the newsman had been "on the Soviet payroll." Kendrick quotes Murrow's reaction: "The question now is when do I go against these guys." He and his producer Fred Friendly then carefully prepared, and put on the air, the famous expose of McCarthy. Edward R. Murrow wasn't a communist. He took umbrage on behalf of both himself and the Duggans -- particularly Laurence, whose death six years earlier was a raw wound for the East Coast establishment of which Murrow was a part. They had lost one of their own when Duggan jumped or fell from the 16th floor of his Manhattan office in 1948 in the midst of the legal and political maelstrom of the Alger Hiss spy case. Larry Duggan, former chief of the State Department's Latin American division, a charming, smart, and warm-hearted Ivy Leaguer who strived to bring about world peace, had a lot in common with Hiss. Murrow, justifiably angry that America's loudest counter-subversive was trying to intimidate him and sully his friend's memory, did not know that that friend was, like Hiss, a dedicated communist who passed sensitive information to Stalin's agents in the United States. The FBI interviewed Duggan in connection with the Hiss prosecution in December 1948. His shocking death days later at the age of 43 preserved his secret, for the media and his friends and family made him into a martyr -- a liberal destroyed by right-wingers who enjoyed impugning respectable citizens without due process. For decades afterward, those interested in the history of this period generally viewed the Duggan affair in the same way as the literary lion Archibald MacLeish, who wrote a poem upon Duggan's death that began: "God help that country where informers thrive! Where slander flourishes and lies contrive." It was not Senator McCarthy who had pursued Duggan as an underground communist but those active in the Hiss case: Representative Richard Nixon of California, the ex-communist Whittaker Chambers, and the ex-communist Isaac Don Levine. These were the people accused of symbolic manslaughter by university presidents, diplomats, newspaper columnists, and other worthies when Duggan died. The tragedy received front page coverage in the New York Times. Prominent people attended Duggan's memorial service. In Washington, a group of his friends put out a statement deploring the congressional panel on which Nixon sat, the House Un-American Activities Committee. HUAC's investigations, they charged, dragged the names of good Americans through the mud. Some Duggan supporters even suspected foul play. Foul play there had actually been, but not what MacLeish, Nicholas Murray Butler, Sumner Welles, Harry Emerson Fosdick, and the other grieving friends of Duggan might have thought. According to the account of Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood (1999), when in 1937 a man named Ignatz Reiss broke from Stalin's secret service, a pair of KGB assassins hunted down the defector in Switzerland and killed him to stop him from blowing the cover of Laurence Duggan and another American official who secretly assisted the KGB out of devotion to world communism and the Soviet Union, Noel Field. In 1948, the furor over Duggan knocked the counter-subversives back on their heels. Nixon dove for political cover. Pressed for comment by reporters, his fellow anticommunists awkwardly tried to say nice things about the deceased, a sensitive family man and pillar of the community, even as they stuck by their conclusion that he was in league with Moscow's agents. Chambers, cornered by a New York Times reporter in the corridor of the federal court house where the Hiss grand jury was meeting, said that he'd testified to Duggan's being one of the covert communists he'd heard about, but he was not personally acquainted with the man nor had he used him as a source in the pre-war spy ring that he, Chambers, managed for Soviet military intelligence. Chambers sounded defensive, but his testimony was borne out later, when archival documents and decrypted cable traffic between Moscow, New York, and Washington came to light after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Soviet cables and documents showed that Duggan's deliveries to the KGB (known in those years by other acronyms) included a confidential cable from the U.S. ambassador in Moscow back to the State Department, U.S. diplomatic dispatches from Europe offering U.S. perspectives on the civil war going on in Spain, and a State Department personnel list. Two of his code names were "Frank" and "Prince." His handler was Norman Borodin, whose boss was KGB station chief Izhak Akhmerov. Murrow and the rest had been unable or unwilling, in the heat of the communist controversy, to distinguish between McCarthy's theatrics and the more considered charges leveled by people who actually knew a lot about communism. Murrow, according to his biographer, wanted to follow up his television broadcast on McCarthy with one on the untimely demise of Laurence Duggan. This, he believed, would drive home the moral point about the evils of anticommunism. He never got to make that show. What if he had? Or better yet, what if he knew then what we know today? Would it have affected his airy indifference -- well conveyed by actor David Straithairn as the movie's Edward R. Murrow -- to whether a targeted individual was a communist or not? "Good Night and Good Luck" is a missed chance in this regard. For Laurence Duggan was one of several "romantic radicals" in the federal government in the 1930s and 1940s, to borrow a phrase from The Haunted Wood's chapter on Duggan. He is described there as an idealist in the cause of revolution who would not deign to take money from the Russians for risking his career to give them intelligence. The double life of the spy apparently took a severe toll. Judging from the Soviet records plumbed by Weinstein and Vassiliev, Duggan was one skittery pigeon. First there was his anxiety to protect his job, his family, and his reputation as a loyal American. Then -- and more interestingly -- there was his stricken conscience as he took in news of the bloody political purges in Moscow during the late 1930s. It bewildered and embarrassed him, his Soviet handlers wrote to headquarters, that famous Bolshevik heroes of the October Revolution were being tried and executed, one after another, as "Trotsky-fascist spies." Some of the Soviet diplomats he knew were getting recalled home and liquidated, to his horror. Like guidance counselors fussing over a fragile high school student, Duggan's handlers conferred with Moscow repeatedly on strategies to reassure Duggan so he would not lose faith in the revolution or lose the nerve to keep serving it clandestinely. He was worth their trouble. Unlike some of the other sources in government positions in Washington, Duggan gave Moscow information it valued highly, including the U.S. Navy's data on war materiel that foreign governments were ordering from manufacturing firms in the United States. He did beg off for certain periods, but Borodin would coax him into resuming, into the mid-1940s, his pilfering of official information. After years of betraying the people he worked with at the State Department, Duggan finally had to leave government, amid suspicions that he was a security risk. He returned to New York, first to a United Nations job and then to take the helm of the Institute of International Education. Then, the Hiss case broke; the FBI knocked on the door of the Duggan home in Scarsdale; and the fear and even perhaps the shame may have welled up in Laurence Duggan past all enduring. George Clooney walked up to this human drama, brushed lightly against its edge and passed right around it. Given his politics, one can see why. But any self-respecting cinematic storyteller ought to kick himself for failing to find room for the psychic tension, the tragedy, the surprise, and the supreme irony of the fact that the crusading journalist Edward R. Murrow, believing he was vindicating the dignity and rights of the loyal opposition, took his potent shot at "McCarthyism" partly in defense of a Soviet spy. The author works on Capitol Hill for a Republican member of Congress. -- ----------------- R. A. Hettinga <mailto: rah(a)ibuc.com> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation <http://www.ibuc.com/> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' _______________________________________________ Clips mailing list Clips(a)philodox.com http://www.philodox.com/mailman/listinfo/clips --- end forwarded text -- ----------------- R. A. Hettinga <mailto: rah(a)ibuc.com> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation <http://www.ibuc.com/> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'

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[Clips] Lie detectors may be next step in airline security
by R. A. Hettinga 17 Nov '05

17 Nov '05

--- begin forwarded text Delivered-To: clips(a)philodox.com Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 18:58:01 -0500 To: Philodox Clips List <clips(a)philodox.com> From: "R. A. Hettinga" <rah(a)shipwright.com> Subject: [Clips] Lie detectors may be next step in airline security Reply-To: rah(a)philodox.com Sender: clips-bounces(a)philodox.com <http://news.com.com/2102-1008_3-5958656.html?tag=st.util.print> CNET News Lie detectors may be next step in airline security By Reuters Story last modified Thu Nov 17 12:10:00 PST 2005 A new walk-through airport lie detector made in Israel may prove to be the toughest challenge yet for potential hijackers or drug smugglers. Tested in Russia, the two-stage GK-1 voice analyzer requires that passengers don headphones at a console and answer "yes" or "no" into a microphone to questions about whether they are planning something illicit. The software will almost always pick up uncontrollable tremors in the voice that give away liars or those with something to hide, say its designers at Israeli firm Nemesysco. "In our trial, 500 passengers went through the test, and then each was subjected to full traditional searches," said Chief Executive Officer Amir Liberman. "The one person found to be planning something illegal was the one who failed our test." The GK-1 is expected to cost between $10,000-$30,000 when marketed. A spokesman for Moscow's Domodyedevo airport, which is using a prototype, said "the tester (lie detector) has proved to be effective and we are in principle ready to use it." The September 11, 2001 hijacking attacks have led to a slew of innovations designed to boost airline security. Liberman said several countries had expressed interest in the GK-1. "Unlike conventional lie detectors such as the polygraph, this is minimally invasive, requiring hardly any physical contact," Liberman said, adding that the first stage of the test takes between 30-75 seconds. Those that fail are taken aside for more intensive questioning and, if necessary, searches. Liberman said around 12 percent of passengers tend to show stress even when they have nothing to hide. "Some may feel nervous because they have used drugs, while having no intention to smuggle drugs," he said. "The whole thing is performed in a low-key manner to avoid causing anxiety." -- ----------------- R. A. Hettinga <mailto: rah(a)ibuc.com> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation <http://www.ibuc.com/> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' _______________________________________________ Clips mailing list Clips(a)philodox.com http://www.philodox.com/mailman/listinfo/clips --- end forwarded text -- ----------------- R. A. Hettinga <mailto: rah(a)ibuc.com> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation <http://www.ibuc.com/> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'

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17 Nov '05

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Fw: Information
by Carla Moser 16 Nov '05

16 Nov '05

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Fwd: the effects of a spy
by Bill Stewart 16 Nov '05

16 Nov '05

> From: "Steven M. Bellovin" <smb(a)cs.columbia.edu> > To: cryptography(a)metzdowd.com > Subject: the effects of a spy > Date: Tue, 15 Nov 2005 16:08:50 -0500 > Bruce Schneier's newsletter Cryptogram has the following fascinating > link: http://www.fas.org/irp/eprint/heath.pdf > It's the story of effects of a single spy who betrayed keys and > encryptor designs. Steve posted Bruce's reference to an astounding paper. It's a master's thesis in military history by a US army major, looking at the John Walker spy case's effects and the absolutely badly broken US Military systems he was part of - - the security clearance process was systematically unreliable, pretty much guaranteeing that there'd be enough bad guys hired and given access to highly classified information that you'd expect some of it to get sold to the Soviets, and they were much more worried that sailors might be gay than that they might have serious drinking and financial problems - the radio crypto system he was stealing keys for was used by the entire US Navy in ways that one person could compromise the communications for the entire fleet for months, undetected, - tens of thousands of people had access to the keying material, - the NSA mostly designed crypto systems with the goal of having them not be compromised, but the Navy mostly designed operations systems with the goal of being able to communicate reliably, - the NSA didn't realize how different the Navy's operations environment was from how the NSA would run things, and the Navy didn't realize how critical the handling requirements were, - Navy classified information storage rooms used to have photocopiers (:-) - Navy personnel files were accessible to the people they were about, and one way to renew your security clearance was to create your own paperwork, - theoretically the Fleet Broadcasting System keying material was split into four regions of the world to reduce risk of compromise, but in practice every ship had every set of keys in case they needed them, - the military in the mid-70s still used some even older NSA systems that were based on rotor machines, in spite of the fact that some rotor machines had been cracked as early as the 1930s (but the Enigma cracking was still secret until 1979, so security-by-obscurity said this was still ok for most uses), and the main reason they were phased out was they were too slow, - hauling keying material around by courier might be ok for an airforce, but Navy ships move slowly and independently enough that they tend to haul around huge chunks of keying material, as well as couriering material for other services. The author speculates that the Pueblo may have been seized specifically because the Soviets knew they'd be able to get keying material from Walker and wanted to get the crypto machine, and that they later cracked the machine so they no longer needed new keys. Walker's access to couriered keying material appears to have exposed much of the Vietnam War B-52 bombing plans to the Soviets, so the North Vietnamese and Vietcong could avoid being in the places that the US was bombing for several years. "Breaking the Ring" was a book about the Walker spy ring and its effects, and Heath discusses a few items from it that she thinks were probably deception by various players. There's a little bit of technical detail, mostly not that deep, but enough to let the reader understand the impacts of various technologies and decisions, like the risks of having tens of thousands of sailors having access to material that can compromise the communications of the entire fleet. The NSA used to not only pretend not to exist, but also pretended to have the best crypto people in the world, and while they may have had the best codebreakers, it clearly wasn't having much effect on their codemaking side as late as the mid-70s - and while public-key crypto wasn't very practical in 1976 when Diffie-Hellman was first published, it was apparently desperately needed, and the Navy would probably have better off with DES than with much of what they were using back then. Were the mid-70s really that long ago? Was the security clearance system that incompetent back when I had mine (:-)?

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Fw: Please Read
by Dillon Frost 16 Nov '05

16 Nov '05

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Fw: Please Read
by Olin Scruggs 16 Nov '05

16 Nov '05

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