December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

Re: Distributing cryptographic code
by Greg Broiles 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

This thread was booted from coderpunks, perhaps the interested parties will continue it here. At 02:36 PM 5/16/97 EDT, Yoav Yerushalmi wrote: [...] > I'm part of a research group here at MIT, and several groups here >have written implementations of concepts and protocols that involve >cryptography in one way or another (encryption/signing/voting, etc). > > We would like to put this code up for distribution (within the US >of course), but don't actually know what is a 'reasonable' amount of >protection that one need apply to prevent people from exporting >it to the rest of the world. If I were you, I'd talk to the other folks at MIT distributing strong crypto code, they've certainly had to think about/work on this problem. Might as well ride on their coattails. Having said that, you might take a look at 15 CFR 734.2(b)(9)(ii) if you're really feeling masochistic, which says that making software available via the Internet such that it is available for transfer outside of the United States is an export unless the person making the software available takes certain precautions. The precautions are: >>>> (A) Ensuring that the facility from which the software is available controls the access to and transfers of such software through such measures as: (1) The access control system, either through automated means or human intervention, checks the address of every system requesting or receiving a transfer and verifies that such systems are located within the United States; (2) The access control system, provides every requesting or receiving party with notice that the transfer includes or would include cryptographic software subject to export controls under the Export Administration Act, and that anyone receiving such a transfer cannot export the software without a license; and (3) Every party requesting or receiving a transfer of such software must acknowledge affirmatively that he or she understands that the cryptographic software is subject to export controls under the Export Administration Act and that anyone receiving the transfer cannot export the software without a license; or (B) Taking other precautions, approved in writing by the Bureau of Export Administration, to prevent transfer of such software outside the U.S. without a license. <<<< The software publishers I'm familiar with who make strong crypto available via the Internet in a commercial setting (Microsoft, Netscape, C2Net) do reverse-DNS lookups on the requester to try to figure out whether or not they're inside the United States. This is *not* an "official" answer, nor is it legal advice. The regulations discussed above have been public for less than five months. I've spoken with several attorneys who specialize in export control and they've all commented that the regs were drafted quickly, without good attention to detail, and are not necessarily models of clarity or precision. Nobody's 100% sure what they mean. Also, one person commented within the coderpunks thread: >>>> A disclaimer would be adeqate protection if I remember correctly. I don`t recall what the situation is in the US, is it the case that the provider of the information is guilty of export, or the person that actually downloads it, if it is available via anonymous FTP??? <<<< A disclaimer is not good enough. Both are potentially liable under US law (modulo arguments about constitutionality, vagueness, etc). The downloader is guilty of an illegal export, and the person who made the software available is (using the definition in 15 CFR 734.2) guilty of an export, and also has potential liability for conspiracy and/or aiding and abetting, depending on the facts of the particular case. But a clerk in Egghead who sells a copy of 128-bit Netscape to a "foreign person" is also guilty of an export violation. The interesting question is whether or not the feds will choose to prosecute violators .. and which ones. Internet crypto distribution sites have a much higher profile than random minimum-wage clerks who wouldn't have violated the law if they'd had any clue it existed. -- Greg Broiles | US crypto export control policy in a nutshell: gbroiles(a)netbox.com | http://www.io.com/~gbroiles | Export jobs, not crypto.

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MULTOS announcement from MasterCard --- FYI
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text From: davidk(a)air.com X-Sender: saguaro(a)pop.tiac.net (Unverified) Date: Sat, 17 May 1997 16:56:13 -0400 To: Robert Hettinga <rah(a)shipwright.com> Subject: MULTOS announcement from MasterCard --- FYI Mime-Version: 1.0 MasterCard launches global smart card platform Date: 97-05-15 16:38:28 EDT From: AOL News NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--May 15, 1997-- Platform provides MasterCard member financial institutions with complete solution in migrating to chip-based payment products MasterCard International today became the first payments brand to begin implementing a complete solution for making the widespread use of smart cards a marketplace reality by the new millennium. By embracing a new open-platform technology called MULTOS as its smart card operating platform, MasterCard member banks will now have access to an unprecedented technology that will enable a single smart card to support a number of different products, securely and independently. The MULTOS (multi-application operating system) technology, which was announced today by eight of the leading silicon manufacturers and smart card companies from the United States, Europe, Asia and Australia uses the proven Mondex security architecture which allows applications to be dynamically and securely loaded onto a smart card. With MULTOS, not only can members load applications when the card is issued, but cardholders will be able to load or change applications after the card has been issued by going on-line to the card issuer, via telephone, the ATM or across the Internet. This allows applications and security upgrades to be introduced without reissuing cards, and for cardholders to "customize" their card with the applications they choose. Paired with the MULTOS technology is a MasterCard migration plan that gives financial institutions around the world the flexibility to enter into the smart card arena when it's right for their markets and their businesses. Together, MULTOS and the MasterCard migration plan support a wide range of implementation schemes -- from the most comprehensive to the most modest -- ensuring that member banks can bring smart cards to market in a way that is useful for the cardholder and profitable for the bank. "The business case for smart cards varies among markets and countries, and so the key to a successful migration from magnetic stripe cards to smart cards is flexibility," said MasterCard President and CEO Robert W. Selander. "In our migration strategy we have a flexible approach that lets every member move to smart cards at a time and pace that is best for their business. And in MULTOS we have a superior technology that is `future-friendly.' MULTOS will enable our members to embrace smart card technology, and at the same time, give them the confidence that today's investment will not be obsolete tomorrow. By incorporating MULTOS technology into our smart card migration strategy, we are offering our members the only complete smart card solution available today," he said. "As an open-technology platform, we support the flexibility MULTOS offers, and realize that by investing in MULTOS, we are investing in the future of the industry," said Dudley Nigg, executive vice president, Online Financial Services for Wells Fargo Bank. "It also enables us to truly differentiate ourselves by the types of services we provide our cardholders." G. Henry Mundt III, MasterCard executive vice president, Global Deposit Access, said the MULTOS technology offers distinct benefits to members that other operating systems cannot. "Unlike other chip delivery platforms in the marketplace today, MULTOS provides our members with multiple sources of interoperable cards - eliminating any risk associated with being locked into a single silicon supplier or card manufacturer." Mundt, who oversees MasterCard's smart card business, also explained how members can use MULTOS to differentiate their services to their cardholders. "What a MULTOS-based card becomes to the cardholder is a lifestyle card, allowing the consumer to include the standard applications of credit and debit, along with other personally selected applications such as Mondex electronic cash, an airline loyalty program and a transit pass. The ability for our members to meet their cardholders' changing needs by adding or deleting card applications that can be tailored in real time, through the telephone, an ATM or across the Internet, is bringing the future of money to life for the consumer, now," he added. MasterCard's global smart card strategy incorporates the following features and deliverables: -- A set of product specifications and associated applications, which will include MasterCard credit and debit, and Mondex electronic cash, that can be combined with member proprietary programs. Specifications will be available in the third quarter of this year, and applications will be available in the first quarter of 1998. The MULTOS API (application program interface) specifications will be available in the third quarter of 1997. -- The most advanced open-technology platform, introduced on a non-proprietary "open systems" basis to enable it to be used as a standard across various industries interested in using smart cards, such as finance, retail, travel and telecommunications. MULTOS technology will enable a single smart card to support a number of different products, securely and independently. MULTOS applications will need to be written only once and are compatible with any MULTOS card, regardless of which company has manufactured the card or which silicon chip is used. Applications on the card are kept totally separate and independent by highly secure "firewalls." -- A support infrastructure to ensure global acceptance of smart cards. Revised rules and operating procedures for MasterCard members will be available later this year. -- A range of application development tools and protocols will be provided in the third quarter 1997, to enable application developers to produce products for MULTOS. -- Compliance with industry standards: MULTOS is entirely compatible with the EMV '96 standards related to integrated circuit cards for payment systems created by Europay, MasterCard and Visa. MasterCard credit and debit products implemented on MULTOS for the first quarter 1998 will be fully EMV compliant. "MULTOS allows MasterCard and Mondex members to combine, for example, the Mondex purse with their own products and services on a single card - while being assured that the security and integrity of each product or application is guaranteed by the firewalls that are a unique feature of MULTOS," said Mondex President Michael Keegan. "This is a great step forward for the financial services industry. This means that, for the first time, card issuers can use the security, reliability and flexibility of the smart card to deliver a range of products and services to their customers - securely and economically, allowing the consumer to carry fewer, more useful cards." MasterCard International, a payments company with one of the world's most recognized brands, is dedicated to helping more than 23,000 financial institutions around the world offer consumers a variety of payment options. MasterCard remains focused on helping shape the future of money by expanding acceptance of its global brands (MasterCard(R), Maestro(R) and Cirrus(R), the world's largest ATM network; MasterCard also owns 51 per cent of electronic cash leader Mondex International) and maintaining reliable, secure networks facilitating global value exchange. MasterCard has 400 million credit and debit cards that are accepted at more than 13 million acceptance locations worldwide. In 1996, gross dollar volume generated exceeded $550 billion. MasterCard can be reached through its World Wide Web site at http://www.mastercard.com . -0- Note: On Thursday, May 15 at 9 a.m. EST, MasterCard's long-term chip card strategy and the MULTOS technology will be announced during a teleconference call. Participants can join the call by dialing 800-553-0272 in the U.S. and 612- 332-0523 outside the U.S. MasterCard Launches Global Smart Card Platform May 15, 1997 CONTACT: MasterCard International Marianne Fulgenzi, 914/249-5443 Julie Jacobs, Shandwick, 212/309-0620 --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) Philodox e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' The e$ Home Page: http://www.shipwright.com/

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Hacked, Trashed and Out of Beer
by se7en 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Well, I finally managed to catch up on all the email from this list, and managed to also get all of the hacked web sites thus far up on my web page at http://www.dis.org/se7en which includes: Amnesty International Central Intelligence Agency East Timor, Indonesia Kriegsman Fur NASA U.K. Labour Party U.S. Air Force U.S. Department of Justice se7en

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referers and W3 (fwd)
by Rich Graves 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

A friend who webmasters a large site that is implementing referer-specific content sent me this when I mentioned the cpunks/cryptography thread of a few months back. I basically agree with the W3C. While user education on the potential privacy threat is essential, I do not believe that Netscape should violate published technical standards. There are also privacy and property issues from the server's perspective. ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Subject: referers and W3 The following text was added to W3's page on HTML on May 8. If nobody else has noticed this, you might wish to share it with the cypherpunks, I don't know. HTML, Hypertext Links and Referer URLs In a vacuum, semantically neutral technology attracts meaning. If neutral technology is useful, commerce -- abhorring a vacuum -- uses technology in often-unforeseen ways to build new markets. Over the past year we have seen attempts to create meaning for HTML references where none existed before. Links have been argued to mean revenue streams, approval, a source of liability, endorsement, and ownership. The Web depends on hypertext links between resources. Links can act as references, or to embed material, both of which are concepts that have been around for a long long time. Whats new with the Web is the ability to follow links quickly. When a user clicks on a link, the URL of the page containing the link is passed to the server along with the requested URL. This gives Web sites the opportunity to customize the response according to the page the user clicked on. If someone jumps into a Web site without entering via the home page, a content provider may choose to turn them away or to redirect them to the home page. A smarter Web site could use partial string matches on the Referer and Requested URLs to customize the page it returns. One reason for doing this is to ensure visitors see the banner ads and promotions, a site is using to create revenue; another is to avoid broken links when people (or indexing engines) bookmark transitory Web pages. The Referer URL can also be used to determine how to honor requests for images or applets. For instance, you might decide to only provide images to sites which have signed a license agreement with you. http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/MarkUp/

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Re: dhp.com is blocked by CyberSitter
by Rich Graves 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Um... Who worth talking to isn't? I have repeatedly requested that they block comp.os.ms-windows.announce and stanford.edu because we allow content they might find objectionable, but Milburn has REFUSED to do so. "We don't block sites just because some guy say so." He's bouncing all subsequent requet from me to block my own web site to my postmaster, i.e., me. I still think a counter-blocking approach is appropriate. If you run a popular web site, make it inaccessible to CyberSitter users. It's easy: <META NAME="Voluntary Content Rating" CONTENT="adult"> CyberSitter is the only program that understands "the VCR standard." -rich http://www.stanford.edu/~llurch/

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Do You Accept Credit Cards?
by Tony Glavin 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Hi, I was boing a search of web sites that were selling a product or service, and your web site popped up. If this message has been sent to you by mistake, I apologize. If you are selling a product or service and would like to accept credit cards inexpensively, we have a complete program for you: Application Fee: $75, refundable if declined Discount Rate: Around 2% Transaction Fee: 30 cents Monthly Minimum Billing Fee: NONE Monthly Statement Fee: NONE Processing Software: $395 This software lets you submit the transactions to the credit card processor. It is the same product that others are charging $995 for or leasing for $39 per month on a 48 month lease. You will be able to accept all major credit cards, even if you are selling over the Internet. You will experience an increase of sales as prospects see you as more credible if you accept credit cards. If you have any questions about accepting credit cards, please send them via email to: mailto:glavin@best-solutions.com Thanks for your time.

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Re: PGP 5.0 beta is out at PGP.com
by nobody＠hidden.net 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Tim May wrote: > > More than that, did they decide to release the source code? > Last I heard, the answer was "of course not!!!!" I recently heard from a PGP employee that they plan to release ALL source code, including non-crypto code.

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WOW! Internet Business Classified Advertising!!!
by Service＠iBase.net 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

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No Subject
by lucifer＠dhp.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Declaration of Digital Independence ------------------------------------- We, the computer-literate and technologically superior, in order to break the ignorant chains of those who hold us back, do hereby declare our freedom from those who control what they do not understand. We wish to no longer hear the cries of "pornography-superhighway" and "cyber-patrol". We reject the repulsive nonsense shoved down our throats by all forms of media telling of the dangers of piracy, pornography, and in general, free thought. There are no "cyber-molesters" we cannot stop as a people. If you educate your children like the good parent you should be, they should know what is right and what is wrong, and will be wise, young judges, with free thought and judgement. We cannot simply "block" what we find offensive, on the net, on bulletin boards, and as we all know, in real life. We must learn to deal with the "day to day inadequacies" of life, and we must not simply become mindless drones of those that fight to restrict freedom. We must fight even harder than they, and we must fight to stay free, or all right is lost. If it's not worth fighting for, then you have already been brainwashed. The internet (NOT info-superhighway, or i-way, as those terms are simply insulting and degrading, made up by the ignorant) cannot and SHOULD NOT be regulated. It should be allowed to make it's own rules. It is bigger than any world you can and can't imagine, and it will not be controlled. It is the embodiment of all that is free; free information, friendship, alliances, materials, ideas, suggestions, news, and more. The "Cyber-Angels" are only well-meaning do-gooders with nothing better to do than to "tattle" on those with different ideas than they. They use entrapment, and have twisted their ideas and values to make them apply to cyberspace, trying to rule an area they do not understand. Fighting for the freedom to think is good, but to fight for an idea you believe is the only true idea is itself ignorance. The nazis believed that they were superior, in ideas and actions, and the "Cyber Angels" are nothing more. You cannot stop freedom of thought, and they try anyway, to convert anyone and everyone to their mode of thought. But those of us who see clearly know that the internet is the greatest invention ever, topping the telephone and electricity. It is a gathering of the mental body of billions of people, and we will not be stopped. The media, as it is known, is the propaganda vending machine of today. As a whole, they trip over themselves, feeding lies to the ignorant, and we who are not will watch too, to laugh at the stupidity that is the media. We sit in front of our televisions, or listening to the radio, or looking at a newspaper or a magazine, and we laugh. We laugh and laugh, because the media has become a ridiculous pool of lies and half-truths. They say we're more dangerous than sicknesses, and nuclear weapons, because we choose to laugh at their ideas and boundaries, and we fight to expand them. We laugh at the pitiful security devices used to keep knowledge from spreading, and we rip down the beaurocratic bullshit tape they put up in virtual doorways. We call the boards they show on the news, covered in ideas and values different than theirs, and we like it. We like asking for a computer program that we never would have bought, and having it show up in our mailboxes. We like leaving messages on BBS' containing information on how to blow up a building or how to kill a man with your bare hands. We like it, not because it scares people or because it's "twisted" or "evil", but because it's forbidden, and lost. You do not know what a "redbox" is? Come, friend, and I will spread the lost knowledge. And when I tell you, you will tell another, and we will be held together by the knowledge which we "should not know". We are the illuminati, and the enlightened. We look not to the old sciences of textbook learning, but to the primitive ways, of communication and experience. We are sickened by the unenlightened. We despise those who wish not to learn, and those who read the same books, over and over again, under different names, believing that they are learning. We are the "different", and the "abnormal", those who are sometimes disliked because we regurgitate the lies fed to us by the governing. Everyone has the need to know, the curiosity of the caveman who invented fire, but some have been trained like monkeys, not ever knowing it's there. They simply accept things, and do what is expected of them, and this is sad. They are those who never fight back, and never open their minds. And they are, unfortunately, usually the governing bodies; the teachers, bosses, police, federal agents, congressmen, senators, parents, and more. And this, my friend, must change. We will not be "voted out", and we will not be mentally disfigured. If they had the chance, government and the media would give everyone a virtual labotamy. Our minds to be held in chains, forced to take in what is given. This is unacceptable. We will not be held down, by the ignorant, the foolish, and especially the lazy. We take your textbooks and your lies, and we put them back in the dusty storerooms where they belong. And we share ideas, and make new ones, and sometimes ask for a hand to hold, and not one around our throat. We see what no others can, and what no others want to see. It is a technological revolution, and a revolution of ideas. We will fight in battles for our freedom to think, should there be any, but we will not start any. We are not a violent group, but our opposition believes ideas should not be let loose to grow, and they will begin the battle. They have no honor, stealing from us our rights, our liberty, and our freedom of thought. And for this, we label them unforgiven... - Anarchy, and the AoC...

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Re: Distributing cryptographic code
by iang＠cs.berkeley.edu 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- In article <3.0.1.32.19970517183655.00867d60(a)mail.io.com>, Greg Broiles <gbroiles(a)netbox.com> wrote: >But a clerk in Egghead who sells a copy of 128-bit Netscape to a "foreign >person" is also guilty of an export violation. Not the way I read the regs (IANAL)... 734.2(b) provides a completely different definition of "export" for encryption software ((b)(9) instead of (b)(2)(ii)). - Ian 734.2(b): (b) Export and reexport--(1) Definition of export. ``Export'' means an actual shipment or transmission of items subject to the EAR out of the United States, or release of technology or software subject to the EAR to a foreign national in the United States, as described in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section. See part 772 of the EAR for the definition that applies to exports of satellites subject to the EAR. See paragraph (b)(9) of this section for the definition that applies to exports of encryption source code and object code software subject to the EAR. (2) Export of technology or software. (See paragraph (b)(9) for provisions that apply to encryption source code and object code software.) ``Export'' of technology or software, excluding encryption software subject to ``EI'' controls, includes: <snip, irrelevant to EI> 734.2(b)(9): (9) Export of encryption source code and object code software. (i) For purposes of the EAR, the export of encryption source code and object code software means: (A) An actual shipment, transfer, or transmission out of the United States (see also paragraph (b)(9)(ii) of this section); or (B) A transfer of such software in the United States to an embassy or affiliate of a foreign country. (ii) The export of encryption source code and object code software controlled for EI reasons under ECCN 5D002 on the Commerce Control List (see Supplement No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) includes downloading, or causing the downloading of, such software to locations (including electronic bulletin boards, Internet file transfer protocol, and World Wide Web sites) outside the U.S., or making such software available for transfer outside the United States, over wire, cable, radio, electromagnetic, photooptical, photoelectric or other comparable communications facilities accessible to persons outside the United States, including transfers from electronic bulletin boards, Internet file transfer protocol and World Wide Web sites, unless the person making the software available takes precautions adequate to prevent unauthorized transfer of such code outside the United States. Such precautions shall include: <snip; this part was in the previous note> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.6.2 iQCVAwUBM38TokZRiTErSPb1AQHZJgP/aFc77erbX8CTK5dKDOskMas5eqHPTj36 VkALz17gkkZLbOs8jafc/hCVRgAC5wiF29CLE33XX2Ngvb8O98mwQFFGnJaUj0+9 70Q7fuKKvjvo19V+yPWVw/Q9ZJR4uA+qpIyyIZf28HIn+949Mpyq75eOs686se3t AX5q7acfjJc= =7kz4 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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