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December 2003
- 8635 participants
- 56359 discussions
                    
                        
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I am trying to find my brother, "Allen Thomas Taylor" I am not sure what year
he was born but I think it was l922, l923.  We have the same Father, "Alva
Thomas Taylor", my name is Christine (Taylor) Ernest, I was born l935, in Mt.
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working for the civil service in Washington, DC, and got married in Maryland.
Any information I would appreciate.
Thank you
Sincerely
Christine Ernest
                    
                  
                  
                          
                            
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"Bernardo B. Terrado"  wrote:
 
> A virus uses encryption to hide itself (correct?),
> but will the files in a pc be safe from virus when encrypted? why?
a virus can be encrypted or it could leave itself open. usaually the
first.
it all depends on the combination of what virus and encryption
software you use.
Many times a virus will infect by waiting for you to open a file (run,
copy, move)
when it sees a file open it will add itself to the end and then move
the start
of the program to the virus.  When the program is executed it jumps to
the virus who loads itself
into memory and then jumps seamlessly to the beginning of the program,
unperceptibly( if done right)
If your files are encrypted by a program that stays in memory and lets
programs run like normal a virus will run like
normal.  If you have an uninfected file PGPed when you extract a copy
it will become infected like a normal file
however the pgp file will not be infected.  If the encryption is built
into the program and has a checksum 
you will be notified if it is infected but if it just runs a
decryption routine and then starts the program then it 
could be infected before the decryption routine.
in general if you can read/write a file so can a virus.
If you are worried about infection, get an uninfected copy and
make a detached pgp .sig  then run it on your computer in a batch file
so
pgp checks the signature before it runs.  if pgp fails the sig. your
program is infected
each virus is unique and acts differently, remember they are just
written  like normal programs.
If you are indepth interested, search for a virus authors page. 
Anti-virus people are vague so
you don't figure out how to make one but a virus author will probably
have guides on how to make
a virus.  This gives you intimate knowledge of a virus's abilities.
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                    17 Dec '03
                    
                        
Hi Cypherpunks and e$-ers.
After having read Adleman's Sci Am article, I couldn't help but ask him...  :-)
The following message is re-posted with his permission
Ciao
jfa
==================BEGIN FORWARDED MESSAGE==================
From: Len Adleman <xxxxxxxx>
To: Jean-Francois Avon <jf_avon(a)citenet.net>
Subject: Re: Your article in Scientific American and RSA
Thank you for the kind words regarding the Sci Am article. I have thought about
using DNA for breaking cryptosystems. It does appear convievable that a code like
DES could be broken. However, because RSA can simply increase the size of keys to
overcome whatever computing power DNA provides, I do not think it represents a
threat to RSA.
We of course have a long way to go to see whether we can actually get DNA to live
up to its potential.
If you are unfamiliar with quantum computation I think you might enjoy reading
about it - it, at least in theory, could represent a threat to RSA. I believe that
you can find info on the www.
-Len
Jean-Francois Avon wrote:
> Greetings.
>
> Your article in SciAm blew my mind!
>
> I bought the magazine after having seen it because of my interest/inquietude
> of new computing ways that could break RSA (and similar public key) encryption
> schemes.
>
> The most fantastic thing is that I bought the magazine after having browsed
> the article but without even having read who was the author of the article!
> [laughs]
>
> Now, here is my question, which you *surely* figured out: can a method could
> be devised (using DNA computing) that would decrease the security of RSA?  And
> if yes, what would it imperil ( keys, individual cyphertext, etc?)
>
> I could not see a trivial way of effecting multiplication and division, but
> then, maths have never been my forte... ;-)
>
> Any comments?
>
> Highest regards
>
> jfa
===================END FORWARDED MESSAGE===================
Jean-Francois Avon, B.Sc. Physics, Montreal, Canada
  DePompadour, Société d'Importation Ltée
     Limoges fine porcelain and french crystal
  JFA Technologies, R&D physicists & engineers
     Instrumentation & control, LabView programming
PGP keys: http://bs.mit.edu:8001/pks-toplev.html
PGP ID:C58ADD0D:529645E8205A8A5E F87CC86FAEFEF891
PGP ID:5B51964D:152ACCBCD4A481B0 254011193237822C
                    
                  
                  
                          
                            
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It seems that the forementioned files never made it to the list
(at least as echoed by infinity.nus.sg), as a result of being
filtered out somewhere along the way due to their excessive size.
Realizing that this was likely the result of filtering for the
benefit of list members, so that they would not be stuck with
wasting their resources downloading large amounts of tripe by]
spamming assholes, I consulted John Gilmore as to what action
to take on this matter.
John informed me that one thing he learned from Dimitri was that,
"The Spammer interprets filtering as common-sense, and routes
around it."
Accordingly, I have broken the files down into FDR1.txt --> FDR8.txt,
so that the lack of AOL'ers competent enough to seriously piss off
list members would not lead to VeteranAryan CypherPunks forgetting
about the GoodOldDays (TM), when we had Sandy Sandfort to kick around
for attempting to put a stop to this kind of bullshit.
Sincerely,
<billg(a)microsoft.com>
"Flame me, I dare you!"
                    
                  
                  
                          
                            
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As to the President, it is an account of an image projected upon the
popular mind which came to be known as Franklin D. Roosevelt. It is
the author's conviction that this image did
not at all correspond to the man himself and that it is now time to
correct the lineaments of this synthetic figure
created by highly intelligent propaganda, aided by mass illusion and
finally enlarged and elaborated out of all
reason by the fierce moral and mental disturbances of the war.
The moment has come when the costumes, the grease paint, the falsely
colored scenery, the technicolored
spotlights and all the other artifices of makeYDup should be put aside
and, in the interest of truth, the solid facts
about the play and the players revealed to the people. 
July, 1948 
Preface to the Popsvox PublishingR edition 
Someone once said that Washington DC is a place where history is taken
for granted and granite mistaken for
history. The new FDR "memorial" is notable for what it forgets. John
T. Flynn, active columnist and author
throughout the Roosevelt years and beyond, made an enormous contribution
to accurate reporting and
genuine understanding of the New Deal. Unfortunately, Flynn's work
has been out of print for decades while
the politically correct elite have not only preserved the myth, they
have now literally cast it in stone. 
Do not despair. The technology of the information age provides a remedy.
Flynn is back, facts, footnotes and
all, and in an electronically enhanced form unimagined in the age when
journalists scribbled on notepads with
pencil stubs. As a MicrosoftR WindowsR help file, it can be searched,
annotated, printed out . . . or even read,
page by pungent page. Even better for students, editorialists or online
newsgroup debaters, the electronic
version is only a mouse-click away when a citation is needed. No more
flipping through paper texts in search of
a passage about the Democratic National Committee or the $3,000.000
income Eleanor took down as First Lady.
Find what you want when you want it. Add your own annotations and memory
joggers. Tools are the human
heritage, as are words and ideas. 
This revived book is produced for the Historical Research Foundation
in New ork whose mission is the
conservation of truth in history. 
- Ed.
Saturday morning, March 4, 1933...the conquering Democrats poured into
the city, hastening to take over after so many hungry
years in the wilderness. 
{Hitler/1933?-sog}
Only a week before an assassin's bullet had barely missed Roosevelt.
It
struck Anton Cermak, the Bohemian mayor and boss of Chicago, who with
Al Smith, had opposed Roosevelt's
nomination. 
he got the bullet intended for Roosevelt {BIG Assumption - sog}and
died a few days later. 
Later, as Roosevelt's train sped from New ork to Washington carrying
himself and
his family, word came to him that aboard another train carrying the
65YDyearYDold Senator Thomas J. Walsh and
his bride of two days, the aged groom dropped dead in his Pullman drawing
room. He was speeding to the
capital to be sworn in as Attorney General. 
Two weeks before the lameYDduck Congress had turned a
somersault and voted the amendment to the Constitution ending Prohibition.
FortyYDone legislatures were in
session waiting eagerly for the chance to approve the wet amendment
and to slap taxes on beer and liquor to
save their empty treasuries. 
The country, the states, the towns needed money YD something
to tax. And liquor was the richest target. "Revenue," said one commentator,
"unlocked the gates for Gambrinus
and his foaming steed." 
first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have
to fear is fear
itself." 
"The means of exchange are frozen in the streams of trade."
"et our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken
by no
plague of locusts3,300,000,000 YD in
addition to all the other specific appropriations for government, into
his hands to be spent at his sweet will in
any way he desired. The great purse YD which is the greatest of all
the weapons in the hands of a free parliament
to oppose the extravagances of a headstrong executive YD had been handed
over to him. The "spendthrift"
Hoover was in California at his Palo Alto home putting his own affairs
in order, while the great Economizer who
had denounced Hoover's deficits had now produced in 100 days a deficit
larger than Hoover had produced in
two years. 
Roosevelt had no wish to stem the
panic. The onrushing tide of disaster was sweeping the slate clean
for him YD at the cost of billions to investors
and depositors. The greater the catastrophe in which Hoover went out
of power the greater would be the
acclaim when Roosevelt assumed power. 
For this drastic decision there could be, of course, but one excuse,
namely that Mr. Roosevelt had a definite
plan and that such a plan could be better carried out with a full disaster.
What, then, was his plan? We shall see
presently.4 
the crisis had assumed a terrifying
aspect. To this was added the fear of inflation and of irresponsible
and even radical measures by the new
President. One of these, of course, was the agitation which went on
behind the scenes for the nationalization of
the whole banking system. Men close to the President-elect were known
to be for this.
Then Glass asked Roosevelt what he was going to do.
To Glass' amazement, he answered: "I am planning to close them, of
course." Glass asked him what his
authority was and he replied: "The Enemy Trading Act" YD the very act
Hoover had referred to and on which
Roosevelt had said he had no advice from Cummings as to its validity.
Glass protested such an act would be
unconstitutional and told him so in heated terms. "Nevertheless," replied
Roosevelt, "I'm going to issue a
proclamation to close the banks." 
After delivering his inaugural address, Roosevelt issued a proclamation
closing all banks.
They decided that the action
must be swift and staccato for its dramatic effect; that the plan,
whatever it might be, must be a conservative
one, stressing conventional banking methods and that all leftYDwing
presidential advisers must be blacked
out during the crisis; and finally that the President must make almost
at the same time a tremendous gesture in
the direction of economy.
w it is difficult to believe that it could
ever have been uttered by a man who before he ended his regime would
spend not merely more money than
President Hoover, but more than all the other 31 Presidents put together
YD three times more, in fact, than all the
Presidents from George Washington to Herbert Hoover. This speech was
part of the plan Moley and Woodin
had devised to sell the banking plan in a single package with the great
economy program. 
To the great audience that listened to the fireside chat, the hero
of the drama YD the man whose genius had led
the country safely through the crisis of the banks YD was not any of
the men who had wrestled with the problem,
but the man who went on the radio and told of the plan he did not construct,
in a speech he did not write. Thus
Fate plays at her ageYDold game of creating heroes. 
a Great Man attended by a Brain Trust to bring understanding first
and then order out of
chaos. 
Actually there are no big men in the sense in which Big Men are sold
to the people. There are men who are
bigger than others and a few who are wiser and more courageous and
farseeing than these. But it is possible
with the necessary pageantry and stage tricks to sell a fairly bright
fellow to a nation as an authentic BIG Man.
Actually this is developing into an art, if not a science. It takes
a lot of radio, movie, newspaper and magazine
work to do it, but it can be done. 
{FDR/Hitler - sog}
For the farmer the New Deal would encourage cooperatives and enlarge
government lending agencies. But the
greatest enemy of the farmer was his habit of producing too much. His
surplus ruined his prices. The New Deal
would contrive means of controlling the surplus and ensuring a profitable
price. 
As for business the New Deal proposed strict enforcement of the antiYDtrust
laws, full publicity about security
offerings, regulation of holding companies which sell securities in
interstate commerce, regulation of rates of
utility companies operating across state lines and the regulation of
the stock and commodity exchanges. 
Roosevelt in his preelection speeches had stressed all these points
YD observing the rights of the states so
far as to urge that relief, oldYDage pensions and unemployment insurance
should be administered by them, that
the federal government would merely aid the states with relief funds
and serve as collection agent for social
insurance.
First of all, his central principle YD his party's traditional principle
of war upon BIG government YD was reversed.
And he set out to build a government that in size dwarfed the government
of Hoover which he denounced. The
idea of a government that was geared to assist the economic system
to function freely by policing and
preventive interference in its freedom was abandoned for a government
which upon an amazing scale
undertook to organize every profession, every trade, every craft under
its supervision and to deal directly with
such details as the volume of production, the prices, the means and
methods of distribution of every
conceivable product. This was the NRA. It may be that this was a wise
experiment but it was certainly the very
reverse of the kind of government which Mr. Roosevelt proposed in his
New Deal. 
Enforcement of the antiYDtrust act was a longtime pet of his party and
it was considered as an essential
instrument to prevent cartels and trusts and combinations in restraint
of trade which were supposed to be
deadly to the system of free enterprise. The New Deal had called loudly
for its strict enforcement. et almost at
once it was suspended YD actually put aside during the experiment YD
in order to cartelize every industry in
America on the Italian corporative model. 
{Fascism! - sog}
First, and most important, was the NRA and its dynamic ringmaster,
General Hugh Johnson. As I write, of
course, Mussolini is an evil memory. But in 1933 he was a towering
figure who was supposed to have
discovered something worth study and imitation by all world artificers
everywhere. 
The NRA provided that in
America each industry should be organized into a federally supervised
trade association. It was not called a
corporative. It was called a Code Authority. But it was essentially
the same thing. These code authorities could
regulate production, quantities, qualities, prices, distribution methods,
etc., under the supervision of the NRA.
This was fascism. The antiYDtrust laws forbade such organizations. Roosevelt
had denounced Hoover for not
enforcing these laws sufficiently. Now he suspended them and compelled
men to combine. 
In spite of all the fine words about industrial democracy, people began
to see it was a scheme to permit business men to combine to put up
prices and keep them up by direct decree or
through other devious devices. The consumer began to perceive that
he was getting it in the neck.
. A tailor named Jack Magid in New Jersey was arrested, convicted,
fined and sent to jail. The crime was that he had pressed a suit of
clothes for 35 cents when the Tailors' Code
fixed the price at 40 cents. The price was fixed not by a legislature
or Congress but by the tailors.
The NRA was discovering it could not enforce its rules. Black markets
grew up. Only the most violent police
methods could procure enforcement. In Sidney Hillman's garment industry
the code authority employed
enforcement police.8 They roamed through the garment district like
storm troopers. They could enter a man's
factory, send him out, line up his employees, subject them to minute
interrogation, take over his books on the
instant. Night work was forbidden. Flying squadrons of these private
coatYDandYDsuit police went through the
district at night, battering down doors with axes looking for men who
were committing the crime of sewing
together a pair of pants at night. But without these harsh methods
many code authorities said there could be
no compliance because the public was not back of it. 
"Mob rule and racketeering had a considerable
degree displaced orderly government."9 
On May 27, 1935, the Supreme Court, to everybody's relief, declared
the
NRA unconstitutional. It held that Congress at Roosevelt's demand had
delegated powers to the President and
the NRA which it had no right to delegate YD namely the power to make
laws. It called the NRA a Congressional
abdication. And the decision was unanimous, Brandeis, Cardozo and Holmes
joining in it. 
But of course he had imposed it not as a temporary expedient but as
a new order and he boasted of it. He had
done his best to impose the dissolution of the antiYDtrust laws on the
country. 
Curiously enough, while Wallace was paying out hundreds of millions
to kill millions of hogs, burn oats, plow
under cotton, the Department of Agriculture issued a bulletin telling
the nation that the great problem of our
time was our failure to produce enough food to provide the people with
a mere subsistence diet.
Oliphant was a lawyer whose reformist addictions overflowed into every
branch of public affairs. A
devout believer in rubber laws, it was easy for him to find one which
could be stretched to include rubber
dollars. 
We are thus continuing to move toward a managed
currency." 
Roosevelt's billions, adroitly used, had broken down every
political machine in America. The patronage they once lived on and
the local money they once had to disburse
to help the poor was trivial compared to the vast floods of money Roosevelt
controlled. And no political boss
could compete with him in any county in America in the distribution
of money and jobs. 
The poll indicated that Long could corral 100,000 voted in New ork
State, which could, in a close
election, cost Roosevelt the electoral vote there. Long became a frequent
subject of conversation at the White
House. 
Dr. Carl Austin Weiss, a young physician,
eluded the vigilance of Long's guards and shot him. 
" A monument stands to the memory of this arch demagogue in the Hall
of Fame of the
Capitol building in Washington and his body rests in a crypt on the
state capitol grounds YD a shrine to which
crowds flock every day to venerate the memory of the man who trampled
on their laws, spat upon their
traditions, loaded them with debt and degraded their society to a level
resembling the plight of a European
fascist dictatorship. 
The Treasury and the Department of Justice went into action and before
long there were income tax
indictments against at least 25 of the Long leaders and henchmen. 
When little men think about large problems the boundary between the
sound and the unsound is very thin and vague. And when some idea is
thrown out which corresponds with
the deeply rooted yearnings of great numbers of spiritually and economically
troubled people it spreads like a
physical infection and rises in virulence with the extent of the contagion.
The spiritual and mental soil of the
masses near the bottom of the economic heap was perfect ground for
all these promisers of security and
abundance. 
They had cooked up for themselves that easy, comfortable potpourri
of socialism
and capitalism called the Planned Economy which provided its devotees
with a wide area in which they might
rattle around without being called Red. 
But the time would come when they would approach much closer
to their dream of a planned people. We shall see that later. 
He was a man literally without any fundamental philosophy. The positions
he took on political and economic
questions were not taken in accordance with deeply rooted political
beliefs but under the influence of political
necessity. 
NRA and the AAA. This was a plan to take the whole industrial and agricultural
life of the country under
the wing of the government, organize it into vast farm and industrial
cartels, as they were called in Germany,as they were called in Italy,
and operate business and the farms under plans made and carried out
under the supervision of government. 
As for the Reds, they did not move in heavily until the second term
and not en masse until the third
term, although the entering wedge was made in the first. And then the
point of entry was the labor movement. 
This thing called revolutionary propaganda and activity is something
of an art in itself.
It has been developed to a high degree in Europe where revolutionary
groups have been active for half a
century and where Communist revolutionary groups have achieved such
success during the past 25 years. It
was, at this time of which I write, practically unknown to political
and labor leaders in this country and is still
unknown to the vast majority of political leaders.
He vetoed that but had
an arrangement with the Democratic leadership that they would pass
it over his head. Thus the President could
get credit for trying to kill it while the Democrats would get credit
for actually passing it. 
Their chief reliance was
upon the charge that the President had usurped the powers of Congress,
attacked the integrity of the courts,
invaded the constitutional prerogatives of the states, attempted to
substitute regulated monopoly for free
enterprise, forced through Congress unconstitutional laws, filled a
vast array of bureaus with swarms of
bureaucrats to harass the people and breed fear in commerce and industry,
discourage new enterprises and
thus prolonged the depression, had used relief to corrupt and intimidate
the voters and made appeals to class
prejudice to inflame the masses and create dangerous divisions. 
Their chief reliance was
upon the charge that the President had usurped the powers of Congress,
attacked the integrity of the courts,
invaded the constitutional prerogatives of the states, attempted to
substitute regulated monopoly for free
enterprise, forced through Congress unconstitutional laws, filled a
vast array of bureaus with swarms of
bureaucrats to harass the people and breed fear in commerce and industry,
discourage new enterprises and
thus prolonged the depression, had used relief to corrupt and intimidate
the voters and made appeals to class
prejudice to inflame the masses and create dangerous divisions. 
. From the moment the
gavel fell to open that wild conclave to the knock of the adjourning
gavel everything that was said and done or
that seemed to just happen was in accordance with a carefully arranged
and managed scenario. The delegates
were mere puppets and answered to their cues precisely like the extras
in a movie mob scene. 
the South had both arms up to its shoulder blades in Roosevelt's relief
and
public works barrel. National politics was now paying off in the South
in terms of billions. When Alf Landon
talked about Roosevelt's invasions of the Constitution, the man on
relief and the farmer fingering his subsidy
check replied "ou can't eat the Constitution."
As to the public debt he said we
borrowed eight billions but we have increases the national income by
22 billions. Would you borrow $800 a
year if thereby you could increase your income by $2200, he asked.
That is what we have done, he answered,
with the air of a man who has easily resolved a tough conundrum. And
though the figures were false and the
reasoning even more so it was practically impossible for a Republican
orator to reason with voters against
these seemingly obvious and plausible figures. 
The President's victory was due to one thing and one thing only, to
that one great rabbit YD the spending rabbit YD
he had so reluctantly pulled out of his hat in 1933. This put into
his hands a fund amounting to nearly 20 billion
dollars with which he was able to gratify the appetites of vast groups
of people in every county in America
. Without the revival of investment there could
be no revival of the economic system. The system was being supported
by government spending of borrowed
funds. 
Roosevelt's unwillingness to compromise now angered his own supporters
who were being forced to carry this
unpopular cause. In the end he had to assure Robinson that he would
have the appointment, and then to
crown Roosevelt's difficulties, Robinson was stricken with a heart
attack in the Senate and died shortly after,
alone in his apartment. 
The Treasury made a practice of keeping tricky books and producing
phony results. It had merely shifted relief payments to other accounts.
They were, in fact, larger than the year
before. 
Then he revealed the extent of his plans YD they
would have to step up spending, forget about balancing the budget and
get along with a two or three billion
dollar a year deficit for two years. Then a conservative would come
into office. That administration would do
what Roosevelt had been promising he would do YD quit government spending.
And then the whole thing would
go down in a big crash.
Then he revealed the extent of his plans YD they
would have to step up spending, forget about balancing the budget and
get along with a two or three billion
dollar a year deficit for two years. Then a conservative would come
into office. That administration would do
what Roosevelt had been promising he would do YD quit government spending.
And then the whole thing would
go down in a big crash.
What could he spend on? That was the problem.
There is only a limited number of things on which the federal government
can spend.
The one big thing the federal government can spend money on is the
army and navy.
The depression which assaulted our unprepared society in 1929 was by
no means a mysterious phenomenon to
those who had given any attention to the more or less new studies in
the subject of the business cycle. It was,
first of all and essentially, one of those cyclical disturbances common
to the system of private enterprise. That
economic system has in it certain defects that expose it at intervals
to certain maladjustments. And this was
one of those intervals. Had it been no more than this it could have
been checked and reversed in two or three
years. But this cyclical depression was aggravated by additional irritants:
1. The banking system had been gravely weakened by a group of abuses,
some of which arose out of the
cupidity of some bankers and others out of ignorance. 
2. A wild orgy of speculation had intruded into the system stimulated
by a group of bad practices in the
investment banking field. 
3. A depression in Europe arising out of special causes there had produced
the most serious repercussions
here. 
The great, central consequence of these several disturbances was to
check and then almost halt completely,
the flow of savings into investment. All economists now know what few,
apparently, knew then YD that in the
capitalist system, power begins in the payments made by employers to
workers and others in the process of
producing goods. And this must be constantly freshened by an uninterrupted
flow of savings into investment
YD the creation of new enterprises and the expansion of old ones. If
this flow of savings into investment slows
down the whole economic system slows down. If it is checked severely
the whole economic system goes into a
collapse. 
throughout Hoover's term one of these YD the ruthless operation of gamblers
in the stock market with the
dangerous weapon of short selling YD continued to add at intervals spectacular
crashes in the market which
intensified the declining confidence of the people. 
But Hoover had against him, in addition to those natural, international
and social disturbances, an additional
force, namely a Democratic House of Representatives which set itself
with relentless purpose against
everything he attempted to do from 1930 on. It had a vested interest
in the depression.
and generally to do all those things he had denounced in Hoover without
the slightest foundation for
the charges.
It was always easy to sell him a plan that involved giving away government
money.
It was always easy to interest him in a plan which would confer some
special benefit upon some special class in
the population in exchange for their votes. He was sure to be interested
in any scheme that had the appearance
of novelty and he would seize quickly upon a plan that would startle
and excite people by its theatrical
qualities.
He did not dream of the
incredible miracle of government BANK borrowing. He did not know that
the bank lends money which it
actually creates in the act of making the loan. When Roosevelt realized
this, he saw he had something very
handy in his tool kit. He could spend without taxing people or borrowing
from them, while at the same time
creating billions in bank deposits. Wonderful! 
Roosevelt
discovered what the Italian Premier Giolitti had discovered over 50
years before, that it was not necessary to
buy the politicians. He bought their constituents with borrowed money
and the politicians had to go along.
Those who, in their poverty and helplessness, refused to surrender
their independence, paid for it. A man in
Plymouth, Pa., was given a whiteYDcollar relief job before election
at $60.50 a month. He was told to change his
registration from Republican to Democratic. He refused and very soon
found himself transferred YD transferred
from his whiteYDcollar job to a pickYDaxe job on a rock pile in a quarry.
There he discovered others on the rock pile
who had refused to change their registration. This was in America,
the America of the men who were chanting
and crooning about liberty and freedom 365 days a year, who were talking
about democracy and freedom for all
men everywhere. 
These primaries of 1938, of course, were the scenes of the great Roosevelt
purge, when distinguished
Democratic senators and congressmen were marked for annihilation.
It had already become a crime for a Democrat to disagree with the administration
                    
                  
                  
                          
                            
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They were eager
for America to get into a war if it came. But they felt the people
had to be drawn along a little at a time. They
wanted the President to frighten the people a little as a starter.
But he increased the recommended dose. The
reaction was so violent that they felt it put back by at least six
months the purpose they had in mind YD rousing
America to a warlike mood. 
However, following the Panay
incident, Mr. Hull began to churn up as much war spirit as possible
and through the radio and the movies
frantic efforts were made to whip up the anger of the American people.
There never has been in American politics a religion so expansively
and luminously righteous as the New Deal.
>From the beginning to the end it was constant in one heroic enterprise
YD war to the death upon evil, upon greed,
poverty and oppression. It had, in fact, one monstrous enemy against
which it tilted its shining spear seven
days a week and that was SIN. If you criticized the New Deal, you were
for sin. 
There is no vast sum of money in holding
office. The riches are in the perquisites, the graft, legal and illegal,
often collected by men who do not hold
office but who do business with those who do. Some Democratic chieftains
of the newer stripe began to drift
into vice rackets of various sorts.
It was this Tammany at its lowest level which surrendered to the New
Deal and became finally the political tool
of Mr. Roosevelt in New ork. From an oldYDfashioned political district
machine interested in jobs and
patronage, living on the public payroll and on various auxiliary grafts,
some times giving a reasonably good
physical administration of the city government, some times a pretty
bad one, some times very corrupt, some
times reasonably honest, it became a quasiYDcriminal organization flying
the banner of the Free World and the
Free Man. 
Cermak fought Roosevelt's nomination at Chicago, and went to Miami
in February, 1933 to make his peace with
Roosevelt where the bullet intended for Roosevelt killed him.
{Who fired the shot? - sog}
d before the House Committee Investigating UnYDAmerican Activities.
Frey, in a
presentation lasting several days, laid before the Committee a completely
documented account of the
penetration of the CIO by the Communist Party. He gave the names of
280 organizers in CIO unions 
It was the Communists who were engineering the sitYDdown strikes and
who instigated and organized the
Lansing Holiday when a mob of 15,000 blockaded the state capitol and
2,000 of them, armed with clubs, were
ordered to march on the university and bring part of it back with them.
At the Herald Tribune forum in New
ork City about this time the President delivered one of the bitterest
attacks he had ever made on a government
official. It was against Martin Dies for investigating these Communist
influences in the sitYDdown strikes. 
Sidney Hillman would become not only its
dominating mind but Roosevelt's closest adviser in the labor movement
and in the end, though not himself a
Democrat, the most powerful man in the Democratic party. 
Sidney Hillman28 was born in Zargare, Lithuania, then part of Russia,
in 1887. He arrived here in 1907 after a
brief sojourn in England.
it is entirely probable that Hillman, while not a Communist, was at
all times
sympathetic to the Communist philosophy. He was a revolutionist 
It is certain that the Russian revolution set off a very vigorous flame
in Hillman's bosom. In 1922 he hurried
over to Russia with a plan. He had organized here what he called the
RussianYDAmerican Industrial Corporation
with himself as president. Its aim was to operate the "textile and
clothing industry of Russia." Hillman's
corporation sold to labor organizations at $10 a share a quarter of
a million dollars of stock. The circular letter of
the corporation soliciting stock sales among labor unions said: "It
is our paramount moral obligation to help
struggling Russia get on her feet." Hillman went to Russia to sell
the idea to Lenin. He cabled back from
Moscow: "Signed contract guarantees investment and minimum 8 per cent
dividend. Also banking contract
permitting to take charge of delivery of money at lowest rate. Make
immediate arrangements for transmission of
money. Had long conference with Lenin who guaranteed Soviet support."
Hillman was never an outright exponent of Communist objectives. He
was, however, deeply sympathetic to the
Communist cause in Russia and to the extreme leftYDwing ideal in America,
but he was an extremely practical man
who never moved upon any trench that he did not think could be taken.
He never pressed his personal
philosophy into his union and his political activities any further
than practical considerations made wise. 
He was a resolute man who shrank from no instrument that could be used
in his plans. He was a cocksure,
selfYDopinionated man and he was a bitter man, relentless in his hatreds.
He had perhaps one of the best minds
in the labor movement YD sharp, ceaselessly active and richly stored
with the history and philosophy of the labor
struggle and of revolutionary movements in general. When Lewis and
Dubinsky at a later date would leave the
CIO, Hillman would be supreme and would reveal somewhat more clearly
the deep roots of his revolutionary
yearnings that had been smothered for a while under the necessities
of practical leadership. 
There is no doubt that Hillman was one of the first labor leaders to
use the goon as part of his enforcement
machinery.
Why should LaGuardia want to scuttle the investigation of a notorious
murder? Why should the President of
the United States refuse to deliver Lepke to Dewey and thus save him
from going to the chair? Why save the
life of a man convicted as the leader of a murder syndicate? Who was
the leading politician supposed to be
involved? Who was the nationally known labor leader? 
The murder for which Lepke was convicted and wanted for execution by
Dewey and shielded by Roosevelt
was, as we have seen, that of Joseph Rosen. Rosen was a trucking contractor
who was hauling to nonYDunion
factories in other states for finishing, clothing cut under union conditions
in New ork. He was put out of
business by Lepke in the interest of a local of Hillman's Amalgamated
and Rosen was threatening to go to the
district attorney and tell how this was done.
But for some reason there rose to the surface at this
time a lawless element, some of them criminal, some of them lawless
in the excess of their revolutionary zeal,
some of them just plain grafters. And these elements constituted the
most powerful section of those groups
that were supporting the President. This was in no sense the Army of
the Lord, as it was so widely advertised. 
He wanted
ambassadors from their own countries to tell them that other governments
were "looking to Roosevelt as the
savior of the world," as he put it himself. Farley admits this was
done and says it was a mistake and that he said
so at the time. 
With the rise of the New Deal, however, a vast
army of persons appeared on the payroll of the federal government and
because some of the payrolls were
flexible and had no connection whatever with the Civil Service, it
was a simple matter for the government to use
this ancient but now enormously enhanced tool to control votes in particular
localities. 
The story of the third term campaign which we shall now see is the
story of dealing with all these
groups, and the feasibility of doing so successfully was enormously
enhanced by the fact that in September,
1939, just about the time the active work for the coming convention
was under way, Hitler marched into Poland.
{Just happens to fit right in with Planned Government/Economy - sog}
On July 17, 1940, Franklin D. Roosevelt was nominated for the presidency
for the third time. The prologue to
this event was supplied by Europe. 
When the convention met, Willkie
seemed the most unlikely of these candidates, but his strength grew.
Dewey was eliminated on the fourth ballot
and on the sixth, in a contest between Taft and Willkie, the latter
was nominated in one of the most amazing
upsets in convention history. 
The Democrats believed that Willkie would make a formidable opponent.
But from the moment he was
nominated the result of the election could no longer be in doubt. Charles
McNary, Republican leader in the
Senate, was nominated for the vice presidency. The joining of these
two men YD Willkie and McNary YD was so
impossible, they constituted so incongruous a pair that before the
campaign ended McNary seriously
considered withdrawing from the race. 
There was a moment in that convention when one voice was lifted in
solemn warning, the full meaning of which
was utterly lost upon the ears of the delegates. Former President Hoover,
in a carefully prepared address, talked
about the "weakening of the structure of liberty in our nation." He
talked of Europe's hundredYDyear struggle for
liberty and then how Europe in less than 20 years surrendered freedom
for bondage. This was not due to
Communism or fascism. These were the effects. "Liberty," he said, "had
been weakened long before the
dictators rose." Then he named the cause: 
"In every single case before the rise of totalitarian governments there
has been a period dominated by
economic planners. Each of these nations had an era under starryYDeyed
men who believed that they could plan
and force the economic life of the people. They believed that was the
way to correct abuse or to meet
emergencies in systems of free enterprise. They exalted the State as
the solvent of all economic problems. 
These men
shifted the relation of government to free enterprise from that of
umpire to controller. Directly or indirectly
they politically controlled credit, prices, production or industry,
farmer and laborer. They devalued,
pumpYDprimed and deflated. They controlled private business by government
competition, by regulation and by
taxes. They met every failure with demands for more and more power
and control ... 
societies oneYDfourth socialist, threeYDfourths
capitalist, administered by socialist ministries winding the chains
of bureaucratic planning around the strong
limbs of private enterprise. 
Mr. Hoover then undertook to describe the progress of this baleful
idea here in a series of headlines: Vast
Powers to President; Vast Extension of Bureaucracy; Supreme Court Decides
Against New Deal; Attack on
Supreme Court; Court Loaded with Totalitarian Liberals; Congress Surrenders
Power of Purse by Blank Checks
to President; Will of Legislators Weakened by Patronage and Pie; Attacks
on Business Stirring Class Hate;
Pressure Groups Stimulated; Men's Rights Disregarded by Boards and
Investigations; Resentment at Free
Opposition; Attempts to Discredit Free Press. 
e State Planned and Managed Capitalism
Roosevelt executed a political maneuver that beyond doubt caused great
embarrassment to the Republicans. He announced the appointment of Henry
L. Stimson, who had been
secretary of State under President Hoover, as Secretary of War, and
Frank Knox, candidate for vice president
with Landon in 1936, as Secretary of the Navy. 
He was laying his plans cunningly to have himself "drafted." The
movement began some time in 1939 and the leaders in it were Ed Kelly
of Chicago and Frank Hague of New
Jersey.
The debacle was the plan Roosevelt was engineering to
literally put the party out of business by inducing its leaders not
to contest his election. Commentators like
Dorothy Thompson and H.V. Kaltenborn and other proYDwar writers were
calling on the Republicans not to
contest the election. And Roosevelt schemed to induce the presidential
candidates of the party in 1936 to
become Secretaries of War and Navy respectively in his cabinet.
Wallace
He has been pictured as a vague
and impractical mystic, half scientist, half philosopher, with other
ingredients that approach the pictures in the
comic strips of the professor with the butterfly net. 
Wallace brought men like Tugwell into the Department as his UnderYDSecretary
of Agriculture
To understand what made this thoroughly dangerous man tick it is necessary
to look at another widely
advertised side of his nature YD his interest in mysticism. 
Some time in the 'twenties, a gentleman by the name of Nicholas Constantin
Roerich appeared on the American
scene. Roerich was a highly selfYDadvertised great philosopher on the
Eastern Asiatic model. He gathered
around himself a collection of admirers and disciples who addressed
him as their "Guru" YD a spiritual and
religious person or teacher. He dispensed to them a philosophic hash
compounded of pseudoYDogism and
other Oriental occult teachings that certain superior beings are commissioned
to guide the affairs of mankind.
Roerich wrote a long string of books YD "In Himalaya," "Fiery Stronghold,"
"Gates Into the Future," "The Art of
Asia," "Flame in Chalice," "Realm of Light." 
Logvan and Logdomor
were the names by which Horch was known in this mystic circle. 
stories in English language newspapers in China indicated that
Roerich applied to the 15th U.S. Infantry in Tientsin for rifles and
ammunition and that the expedition had
mysterious purposes. 
He cried out in ecstasy in a speech: "The people's revolution is on
the march and the devil and all his angels
cannot prevail against it. They cannot prevail because on the side
of the people is the Lord." Now he was
fighting not George Peek and Hugh Johnson and Harold Ickes. He was
fighting the devil and the bad angels.
And he had on his side the lord, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the good
angels YD the Democrats and the CIO and,
in good time, he would be joined by Joe Stalin and Glen Taylor, the
singing Senator from Idaho. He would
begin making world blueprints YD filling all the continents with TVAs,
globeYDcircling sixYDlane highways, world
AAAs, World Recovery Administrations, World Parliaments and International
Policemen. 
This was the man chosen for Vice President by Roosevelt who had warned
that his health was not too good
and who forced this strange bird upon his party in the face of a storm
of angry protest. 
. One of Roosevelt's early
acts in foreign affairs was to recognize Soviet Russia. Three months
later YD February 28, 1934 YD Elliott went into a
deal with Anthony Fokker to sell the Soviet government 50 military
planes for a price which would leave a
commission of half a million dollars for Elliott and the same for Fokker
It is estimated that she has received during the 15 years
since she entered the White House at least three million dollars YD
which is not very bad for a lady who had no
earning power whatever before she moved her desk into the Executive
Mansion, a lady whose husband spent a
good deal of time denouncing the greed of men who made less for directing
some of the greatest enterprises in
America.17 
Nevertheless, in spite of these defiances of all the amenities, all
the laws imposed by decency, all the traditional
proprieties and all that body of rules which highYDminded people impose
upon themselves, the Roosevelt family,
through a carefully cultivated propaganda technique not unlike that
which is applied to the sale of quack
medicines, imposed upon the American people the belief that they were
probably the most highYDminded beings
that ever lived in the White House. Behind this curtain of moral grandeur
they were able to carry on in the field
of public policy the most incredible programs which our people, unaccustomed
to this sort of thing, accepted
because they believed these plans came out of the minds of very noble
and righteous beings. 
Why did the President permit his wife to carry on in this fantastic
manner and why did the Democratic leaders
allow her to do it without protest? ou may be sure that whenever you
behold a phenomenon of this character
there is a reason for it. The reason for it in this case was that Mrs.
Roosevelt was performing an important
service to her husband's political plans.
There were never enough people in the country belonging to the more
or less orthodox
Democratic fold to elect Mr. Roosevelt. It was necessary for him to
get the support of groups outside this
Democratic fold. 
In the election of 1944,
Governor Dewey got nearly half a million votes more on the Republican
ticket than Roosevelt got on the
Democratic ticket, but Roosevelt was the candidate of two other parties
YD the American Labor Party of the
Communists and the Liberal Party which was a collection of parlor pinks,
technocrats, pious fascists and
American nonYDStalinist Communists. These two parties gave him over
800,000 votes and it was this that made
up his majority in New ork. The same thing was true in Illinois, in
New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts,
and other large industrial states, although the fact was not so obvious
because the radicals operated inside the
Democratic party where they could not be so easily identified. 
It was in this field that Mrs. Roosevelt performed her indispensable
services to the President. It was she who
fraternized with the Reds and the pinks, with the RedYDfascists and
the technocrats and the crackpot fringe
generally, gave them a sense of association with the White House, invited
their leaders and their pets to the
White House and to her apartment in New ork, went to their meetings,
endorsed their numerous front
organizations
Finally in 1899 when she was 15 years old she was sent to a school
called Allenwood, outside of London. It
was a French school kept by an old pedagogist named Madame Souvestre
who has taught Eleanor's aunt in
Paris before the FrancoYDPrussian war 
After Roosevelt was stricken with infantile paralysis in 1921, she
suddenly found herself for the first time in her
life in a position approaching power on her own feet. While she, with
her rather stern sense of formal
responsibility, made every effort to bring about her husband's recovery,
she also saw the necessity of keeping
alive his interests in public affairs and his contacts and she set
herself about that job. She had already fallen
into acquaintance with leftYDwing labor agitators and she brought these
people as frequently as she could to her
imprisoned husband where they proceeded to work upon a mind practically
empty so far as labor and economic
problems were concerned. The moment a person of Mrs. Roosevelt's type
exposes herself to these infections,
the word gets around radical circles, whose denizens are quick to see
the possibilities in an instrument of this
kind. During Roosevelt's term in Albany she was extensively cultivated
by these groups, so that when she
went to Washington in 1933 they had easy and friendly access to her.
I think it must be said for her that at this point YD in 1933 YD the
country, including its public men, were not too well
informed about the peculiar perils involved in Red propaganda activities.
The Reds seized upon three or four
very popular American democratic cults YD (1) freedom of speech, (2)
the defense of the downtrodden laborer YD
the forgotten man, (3) the succor of the poor. They also began to penetrate
the colleges in both the teaching
staffs and the student bodies through their various front organizations
dominated by Reds. The first attempt to
expose these designs was made by the House Committee on UnYDAmerican
Activities. The attacks upon Martin
Dies and the Dies Committee, as it was known, were engineered and carried
out almost entirely by the
Communist Party. But the Communist Party itself was powerless to do
anything effective and it used some of
the most powerful and prominent persons in the country to do its dirty
work
{Does this  not also apply to all other organizations/religions? -
sog}
oung Communist League and a group of workers including William W.
Hinckley
(Roosevelt/Cremac - Reagan/Brady -- 2 Hinkleys? - sog}
. Here
was the wife of the President of the United States, a separate department
of the government, using the White
House as a lobbying ground for a crowd of young Commies and Pinkies
against a committee of Congress.19 
At this very moment, Joe Lash was living in the
White House as Mrs. Roosevelt's guest, while Joe Cadden and Abbot Simon
were occasional boarders there.
. Joe Lash had been the leader of the
movement in the American Student Union. Lash worked in collaboration
with the Communist Party. After this,
the American Student Union became a mere tool of the Red organization
in America. 
the assembled
young philosophers gave the President and Mrs. Roosevelt a hearty Bronx
cheer. And now, of course, Mrs.
Roosevelt felt they were Communists, although she had rejected all
of the overwhelming evidence before that.
Booing the President suddenly turned them into Communists. 
. A member of Congress, and
ardent New Dealer, visited the White House one morning. While there
he saw Abbot Simon of the national
board of the American outh Congress, come out of one of the bedrooms.
He couldn't believe his eyes. He
asked the White House usher if he was mistaken. The usher assured him
he was not, that this little Commie tool
had been occupying that room for two weeks and sleeping in the bed
Lincoln had slept in. 
These are probably not more than 80,000 or 90,000 in number, if that.
But there are
several hundred thousand, perhaps half a million, men and women in
America, but chiefly in New ork and the
large eastern industrial states, who string along with the Communists
without being members of the party.
The President's father was a sixth generation Roosevelt who played
out decently
the role of a Hudson River squire. He was a dull, formal and respectable
person moving very narrowly within
the orbit set by custom for such a man. By 1900, however, the name
Roosevelt had become a good one for
promotional purposeyYYYY".Y~Y~^Y~S<OYYYYY~`'""Yz--~s>oY~Y~ Y-YY Y~Y|Y~Y~cY~Y.Y*YDRY~YxYqY}Y~'YfY~YyY~Y~Yx
Y/Y,Y+Y~Y(AAAAYYYYEYEEIIIIDNOOOOYxOUUUYY~YaYY YaYYYYY
YYY	Y
!YYY~Y$YY"YoYYvYmYY#YYypYs,
because it had become illustrious by reason of Theodore Roosevelt who
belonged to a
very different branch of the family. 
On Franklin D. Roosevelt's mother's side there was certainly nothing
distinguished in the blood. Her father was
a crusty old China Sea trader and opium smuggler. The family had much
of its fortune in soft coal mines 
Roosevelt was born and grew up in the midst of a baronial estate, surrounded
by numerous acres and many
servants and hemmed about with an elaborate seclusion. What sort of
boy he was we do not know, save that
he was carefully guarded from other boys and grew up without that kind
of boyhood association usual in
America.
The only books that really
interested him were books on the Navy, particularly old books such
as appeal to a collector. He did amass a
considerable library in this field. It is to be assumed he read many
of them. But the history of the Navy and its
battles is not the history of the United States or of Europe or of
their tremendous and complex political and
social movements. 
They never elected anybody. They offered the nomination to young Roosevelt
and he took it reluctantly. But this was an auspicious year for the
New ork Democrats. 
In 1912, with the Republicans split in the great TaftYDRoosevelt feud,
the Democrats swept the country and
Roosevelt, though in bed throughout the campaign with typhoid, was
reelected State Senator. When Wilson
entered the White House and someone suggested it would be a good idea
to have a Democratic Roosevelt in
the administration, Franklin Roosevelt was offered the post of Assistant
Secretary of the Navy,
When the First World War ended he was
36. Apparently his service in the Department was satisfactory, though
I have never seen anywhere any
authentic evidence about it one way or the other.
Actually he was not very well known and had absolutely no record of
his own to justify the
nomination. But luck dogged his heels. 
{Luck/good fortune/auscpicious circumstances/ad infinitum - sog}
Then in August, 1921 Roosevelt was stricken with infantile paralysis,
which put an end to his career in politics
for the next seven years. 
During his Harvard days, shortly after his marriage, he and his bride
took a trip to Europe YD a regular tourist's
wandering from city to city. He had not been in Europe since save twice
when he went as Assistant Secretary
during the war on a naval inspection tour for about a month, and at
the end of the war on another tour in
connection with the demobilization of naval forces in Europe.
et somehow his promotion managers whipped up the myth that he
possessed some kind of intimate and close knowledge of
Life up to this had been
a long succession of gifts from Lady Luck, whose attendance he had
come to think of as a settled and
dependable affair. And she had failed him. The visitation of the terrible
sickness had perhaps effaced from his
character the assumption of superior fortune that made him hold his
head so high
In his efforts at recovery he had gone to Warm
Springs, Ga., and spent several years there. 
But Warm Springs became the subject of one of the most curious deals
in the nomination of a man to high
office
he said "one of the reasons he could not stand for governor was because
he had put a great deal
of his personal fortune into Warm Springs, and he felt he should stay
and manage the enterprise so that it
would eventually become a paying proposition."
"Confirming
my telephone message I wish much that I might consider the possibility
of running for governor." Roosevelt
then gave two reasons why he could not: (1) "our own record in New
ork is so clear that you will carry the
state no matter who is nominated" and (2) "My doctors are definite
that the continued improvement in my
condition is dependent on avoidance of a cold climate" and "daily exercise
in Warm Springs during the winter
months." He added: "As I am only 46 years old I owe it to my family
and myself to give the present constant
improvement a chance to continue ... I must therefore with great regret
confirm my decision not to accept the
nomination."31 
{Roosevelt trying to 'back out' of his role as schill... -sog}
Mrs. Roosevelt was in Rochester as a member of the Women's Committee
for Al Smith. So were Ed Flynn and
John J. Raskob, recently named chairman of the National Democratic
Committee to manage Al Smith's campaign
for the presidency.
{...but Elanor is in deep. - sog}
But Flynn told Smith that he believed Roosevelt could be induced to
accept, that his health
treatments were not the real reason for his refusal, that the real
reason was the financial obligations he had
outstanding at Warm Springs, that he was facing a heavy personal loss
but that if this could be gotten out of
the way he might yield. Smith told Flynn to tell Roosevelt they would
take care of his financial problem. "I don't
know how the hell we can do it, but we'll do it some way," he said.32
Flynn suggested that the problem be put
up to Raskob. This was done. Smith asked Raskob to telephone Roosevelt.
Raskob thought it over but decided
to talk to Mrs. Roosevelt about it. 
He asked Mrs. Roosevelt for
her frank opinion. She replied that if her husband were to say his
health would permit him to run then Raskob
could rely on it and that the real reason was the financial problem
at Warm Springs. Everybody got the
impression that Mrs. Roosevelt wanted her husband to run. 
Raskob then asked him to say frankly
what they amounted to. Roosevelt replied: "Two hundred and fifty thousand
dollars." Raskob then brought the
whole matter to a head by saying: "All right. our nomination is important
in New ork State. I am in this fight
to get rid of Prohibition which I believe to be a terrible social curse
and I think the only way to do it is to elect
Al Smith. I am willing therefore to underwrite the whole sum of $250,000.
ou can take the nomination and
forget about these obligations. ou can have a fundYDraising effort
and if it falls short of the total I will make up
the difference." Roosevelt was a little flabbergasted at the offer.
{Elanor was not? - sog}
Roosevelt was built by propaganda, before the war on a small scale
and after the war upon an incredible scale,
into a wholly fictitious character YD a great magnanimous lover of the
world, a mighty statesman before whom
lesser rulers bowed in humility, a great thinker, a great orator YD
one of the greatest in history YD an enemy of evil
in all its forms. 
In his first administration someone was responsible for a very effective
job of selling Roosevelt
to the public. 
But over and above this some cunning techniques were industriously
used to
enhance the picture. For instance, Mrs. Roosevelt took over the job
of buttering the press and radio reporters
and commentators. They were hailed up to Hyde Park for hamburger and
hot dog picnics. They went swimming
in the pool with the Great Man. They were invited to the White House.
And, not to be overlooked, it was the
simplest thing in the world for them to find jobs in the New Deal for
the members of their families. 
*** sog ***
The most powerful propaganda agencies yet conceived
by mankind are the radio and the moving pictures. Practically all of
the radio networks and all of the moving
picture companies moved into the great task of pouring upon the minds
of the American people daily YD indeed
hourly, ceaselessly YD the story of the greatest American who ever lived,
breathing fire and destruction against
his critics who were effectually silenced, while filling the pockets
of the people with billions of dollars of war
money. The radio was busy not only with commentators and news reporters,
but with crooners, actors, screen
stars, soap opera, comedians, fan dancers, monologists, putting over
on the American mind not only the
greatness of our Leader but the infamy of his critics, the nobility
of his glamorous objectives and the sinister
nature of the scurvy plots of his political enemies. The people were
sold first the proposition that Franklin D.
Roosevelt was the only man who could keep us out of war; second that
he was the only man who could fight
successfully the war which he alone could keep us out of; and finally
that he was the only man who was
capable of facing such leaders as Churchill and Stalin on equal terms
and above all the only man who could
cope successfully with the ruthless Stalin in the arrangements for
the postYDwar world. 
*** sog ***
The ordinary man did not realize that Hitler and Mussolini were made
to seem as brave, as strong, as wise and
noble to the people of Germany and Italy as Roosevelt was seen here.
Hitler was not pictured to the people of
Germany as he was presented here. He was exhibited in noble proportions
and with most of those heroic
virtues which were attributed to Roosevelt here and to Mussolini in
Italy and, of course, to Stalin in Russia. I
do not compare Roosevelt to Hitler. I merely insist that the picture
of Roosevelt sold to our people and which
still lingers upon the screen of their imaginations was an utterly
false picture, was the work of false propaganda
and that, among the evils against which America must protect herself
one of the most destructive is the evil of
modern propaganda techniques applied to the problem of government.
{Eugenics was in vogue here, as well as Germany, and would have formed
the
science of the future *immediately* if Hitler had not been linked to
its 'final
outcome', giving it a bad name. - sog}
There
was really nothing complex about Roosevelt. He was of a wellYDknown
type found in every city and state in
political life. He is the wellYDborn, rich gentleman with a taste for
public life, its importance and honors, who finds
for himself a post in the most corrupt political machines, utters in
campaigns and interviews the most pious
platitudes about public virtue while getting his own dividends out
of public corruption one way or another. 
e NRA Act
provided an appropriation of $3,300,000,000 which the President was
given to be spent for relief and recovery at
his own discretion. He now had in his hands a sum of money equal to
as much as the government had spent in
ten years outside the ordinary expenses of government. He decided how
it should be spent and where. If a
congressman or senator wanted an appropriation for his district, instead
of introducing a bill in Congress, he
went up to the White House with his hat in his hands and asked the
President for it. All over the country,
states, cities, counties, business organizations, institutions of all
sorts wanted projects of all kinds. Instead of
going to Congress they went to the President. After that congressmen
had to play along with the President or
they got very little or nothing for their districts. This was the secret
of the President's power, but it was also a
tremendous blow at a very fundamental principle of our government which
is designed to preserve the
independence of the Congress from the Executive. 
In the same way, blankYDcheck legislation led to the subservience of
Congress and the rise of the bureaucracy.
Under our traditional system, Congress alone could pass laws. The executive
bureau merely enforced the law.
But now Congress began to pass laws that created large bureaus and
empowered those bureaus to make
"regulations" or "directives" within a wide area of authority. Under
a law like that the bureau became a
quasiYDlegislative body authorized by Congress to make regulations which
had the effect of law. This practice
grew until Washington was filled with a vast array of bureaus that
were making laws, enforcing them and
actually interpreting them through courts set up within the bureaus,
literally abolishing on a large scale within
that area the distinction between executive, legislative and judicial
processes. 
Many of these bureaus were never even authorized by Congress. Even
the Comptroller General of the United
States, who audits the government's accounts, declared he had never
heard of some of them. They were
created by a new method which Roosevelt exploited. Instead of asking
Congress to pass a law, set up a bureau
and appropriate money, the President merely named a group of men who
were authorized by him to organize a
corporation under the laws of the states. This done, there was a government
corporation instead of a bureau
and a group of corporation directors instead of commissioners. The
Reconstruction Finance Corporation was
given a blanket appropriation by Congress and authority to borrow money.
It borrowed twenty or more billions.
The RFC would buy the stock of a new corporation and lend it money
YD ten, fifty or a hundred million, billions in
some cases. Thus the President bypassed Congress and the Constitution
and engaged in activities as
completely unconstitutional as the imagination can conceive, such as
operating business enterprises in Mexico
and Canada. By means of the blankYDcheck appropriations, the blankYDcheck
legislation and the government
corporation, there is no power forbidden to the government by the Constitution
which it cannot successfully
seize. And if these techniques are permitted to continue the Constitution
will be destroyed and our system of
government changed utterly without a vote of the people or any amendment
to the Constitution. Roosevelt by
his various hit or miss experiments all designed to get power into
his hands, prepared a perfect blueprint for
some future dictator of the modern school to usurp without very much
difficulty all the powers he needs to
operate a firstYDclass despotism in America. 
Having changed the Neutrality Act, given a million army rifles to England
and increased the army to 1,500,000,
the President took the next step YD he handed over to Britain 50 destroyers
belonging to the American navy
without authority of Congress. Those men and women who formed the various
committees to induce this
country to go into the war approved these moves. They were honest about
it and logical, because they were
saying openly we should give every aid, even at the risk of war. But
the President was saying he was opposed
to going to war and that he was doing these things to stay out of war.
I do not here criticize his doing these
things. I criticize the reason he gave, which was the very opposite
of the truth. At the time he did these things,
83 per cent of the people month after month were registering their
opposition to getting in the war. 
After the 1940 election, in fact early in 1941, the President's next
decision was the LendYDLease proposal. Senator
Burton K. Wheeler declared that this was a measure to enable the President
to fight an undeclared war on
Germany.
The truth is that the President had made up his mind to go into the
war as early as October, 1940. To believe
differently is to write him, our naval chiefs of staff and all our
high military and naval officers down as fools. 
The answer must be that Roosevelt lied to the people for their own
good. And if
Roosevelt had the right to do this, to whom is the right denied? At
what point are we to cease to demand that
our leaders deal honestly and truthfully with us? 
There must be a thorough philosophical inquiry into the limits within
which this convenient discursive weapon
can be used. It has been generally supposed that our diplomats are
free to lie to foreign diplomats, also that in
war and on the way into war we are free to lie ad libitum to the enemy.
The right of the President YD and maybe
certain lesser dignitaries YD to lie to our own people and, perhaps,
in certain defined situations, to each other
ought to be explored and settled. Thus it may be used impartially by
the representatives of all parties. It does
not seem fair to limit the right of lying only to good and truthful
men. 
(TruthMonger Lives!!! - sog}
President and the
Prime Minister issued what they called a Joint Declaration. The most
important parts of that document were the
first three paragraphs: 
"First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or otherwise.
"Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord
with the freely expressed desires of the
peoples concerned. 
"Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of
government under which they will live and
they wish to see sovereign rights and selfYDgovernment restored to those
who have been forcibly deprived of
them." 
                    
                  
                  
                          
                            
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There was no reason for meeting at sea save
the purely spectacular features which Roosevelt always loved. The dramatic
effect of the meeting was very
great. It made a thunderous radio story and massive headlines. But,
as was so characteristic of Roosevelt, the
great declaration of principles was a mere incident of the meeting.
The purpose was wholly military. 
Three weeks after Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt sent for all the representatives
in America of these occupied
countries and said to them: 
"Be assured, gentlemen, that the restoration of the countries occupied
by Germany and suffering under the
Axis yoke is my greatest concern, which is shared in like degree by
Mr. Churchill. We promise that all will be
done to insure the independence of these countries." 
Churchill was present. He turned to the Polish Ambassador and said:
"We will never forget what glorious Poland has done and is doing nor
what heroic Greece and Holland have
done in this war. I hope I need not add that Great Britain has set
herself the aim of restoring full independence
and freedom to the nations that have been overrun by Hitler."
These reassurances were to be repeated many times with varying oratorical
flourishes. And as for the "Atlantic
Charter," which was nothing more than a screen to hide what had actually
been done at Placentia Bay, a
handsome copy of it was made, bearing the names of Churchill and Roosevelt,
and placed on exhibition in the
National Museum in Washington, where crowds viewed it with reverence
as one of the great documents of
history. 
. On November 27, just ten
days before the attack, the President told Secretary Stimson, who wrote
it in his diary, that our course was to
maneuver the Japanese into attacking us. This would put us into the
war and solve his problem.
The Board of Economic Warfare was created to control the export of
all materials seeking private
export and to look after the procurement of all materials essential
to the war effort, except arms and munitions.
Vice President Wallace was named chairman of the Board of Economic
Warfare (BEW). 
There was an element of "cloak and dagger" in this institution. It
was at war with Hitler and Hirohito in the
markets of the world. It bought things we needed. But it also bought,
where necessary, things we did not need
in order to preclude the enemy getting them. This was called "preclusive"
buying. It issued thousands of
export licenses every day. It was quite a bureau and it bulged with
bureaucrats. At the top, next to Wallace,
was a somewhat cheaper edition of Wallace YD an authentic New Deal bureaucrat,
if there ever was one. He was
Milo Perkins, executive director. 
Perkins was a man with a soul YD one of
those souls that keeps making a lot of noise inside his body. He went
in for art and music and finally
Theosophy. The New Republic said of him that "for nine years at nine
every Sunday morning, he donned his
priestly robes, took along his sons and acolytes and preached to a
congregation of fifty people."
By 1943 the BEW had 200 economic commandos in the field fighting Hitler
in the market places of the world and
around 3,000 in Washington directing their weird operations
Although this outfit spent $1,200,000,000, no law ever authorized it,
and the Senate never confirmed the
appointment of Wallace or Perkins. The President "grabbed the torch"
and created it by edict.
Of course, a great legion of economic soldiers had to have a chief
economist. How they picked him I do not
know. But these two great geopolitical warriors YD Wallace and Perkins
YD came up with a gentleman named Dr.
Maurice Parmalee, born in Constantinople. 
Parmalee wrote another book labeled "Bolshevism, Fascism and the Liberal
Democratic State." In this
he renders it feasible to introduce a planned social economy much more
rapidly than has been the case in the
U.S.S.R. ...The superficial paraphernalia of capitalism can be dispensed
with more quickly than in the Soviet
Union." But the doctor had strayed into much lighter fields of literature.
He had also written a book called
"Nudism in Modern Life" which is secluded in the obscene section of
the Library of Congress. In it the doctor
revealed his interest in a science called Gymnosophy, a cult of the
old gymnosophists who it seems were
ancient Hindu hermit philosophers who went around with little or no
clothing. 
"these gymnosophist nudist colonies furnish excellent opportunities
for experiments
along socialist lines ... Customary nudity is impossible under existing
undemocratic, social and economic and
political organization." 
A new chief economist was brought in YD Dr. John Bovingdon.
Bovingdon was no fool. He went to Harvard and graduated with honors,
which is more than Mr. Roosevelt did.
But he, too, was one of those free spirits of the wandering winds who
had managed to live for a while in the
Orient, three years in Europe and England, two years in Russia and
for smaller terms in 22 other countries. His
Harvard class reunion book said he "engaged in art activities, painting
on fabrics, poetry, dancing, acting,
consultant on the Moscow Art Theater, oneYDman commercial monodrama
programs, weaving, sandalYDmaking"
and so on. In 1931 the police in Los Angeles raided a Red pageant for
a Lenin Memorial which Bovingdon was
staging. The experience shook Mr. Bovingdon terribly and he went to
Russia. He got a job in Moscow as a
director of the International Theatre. He worked as a journalist in
the world of free Russian speech, wrote radio
scripts and plays. He decided to return to the United States to make
us understand Russia. 
In January, 1938, he appeared in Long Beach,
California, at the town's first "Communist Party celebration on the
14th anniversary of Lenin's death." 
By what curious movement of the stars did these weird ideological brothers
turn up on posts of the
greatest importance in the councils of the New Deal? As fast as one
was pushed out another moved in. It could
not be by chance, since this happened in practically every important
bureau.
{Can you say 'conspiracy?...sure you can... - sog}
These two strange birds were not isolated cases. The UnYDAmerican Activities
Committee gave Wallace a list of
35 Communists in the BEW. That information was merely brushed aside
with some insulting smear against the
Committee. 
It mattered not what the New Dealer touched, it became a torch to be
grabbed, it became an instrument for use
in his adventures in social engineering, and after June, 1941 when
Hitler turned on his partner Stalin, these
bureaus became roosting places for droves of Communist termites who
utilized their positions as far as they
dared to advance the interests of Soviet Russia and to help "dispense
with the superficial paraphernalia of
capitalism" in this country under cover of the war. 
By no means a basically bad person, he was
congenitally incapable of resisting the destructive personal effects
of power. 
*** sog ***
>From the four corners of the land, as well as from the pink and Red
purlieus of New ork and Chicago and
every big city, came the molders of the Brave New World.
*** sog ***
They put their busy fingers into everything. They dictated women's
styles, the shapes of women's stockings;
they told butchers how to carve a roast; they limited the length of
Santa Claus' whiskers in department stores. 
At one time there was an almost complete breakdown of food distribution
throughout the United States. The
paper work required of an ordinary small merchant was so extensive
that it was practically impossible to comply
with.
These rules and regulations became so irksome that people ignored them.
Then the OPA set up a nationwide
network of courts before which citizens could be hauled up and tried
for breaking laws enacted by OPA
bureaucrats. If convicted, they could, under OPA rulings, have their
ration cards taken away from them YD
sentenced to starve. 
One may talk about the profits of war, but there were in truth
little profits for honest men because the government YD and rightly
YD during the war drained away in drastic taxes
most of the profits. 
In the financing and supervision of the war effort from
Washington practically every fiscal crime was committed. And the plain
evidence of that is before us in the bill
for the war. Few realize how vast it was. For the mind, even of the
trained financier, begins to lose its capacity
for proportion after the figures pass beyond the limit of understandable
billions. The war cost I reckon at 363
billion dollars. 
Chapter Eight - The Thought Police
1.
If there is one department of human struggle which the radical revolutionist
understands and loves it is the war
that is waged on the mass mind; the war that is carried on with poisons
distilled in the mind to produce bias
and hatred. It would be strange indeed if we did not find some of the
practitioners of this dark art from New
ork and some of the offYDscourings of Europe's battered revolutionary
emigres numerously entrenched in that
thoroughly unYDAmerican institution during the war which was known as
the OWI YD the Office of War
Information. 
It began with a thing called the Office of Facts and Figures.
a drove of writers and journalists whose souls were enlisted in the
great crusade to bring on the Brave
New World of the Future. It was in fact an agency for selling Roosevelt's
Third New Deal and Roosevelt
himself to the people under the guise of "maintaining public morale"
and conducting "psychological warfare."
, OWI spent $68,000,000 and had 5,561
agents scattered all over the world.
But OWI had other tasks than selling America to the Arabs. It was also
busy selling Russia to the Americans.
The chief of the Foreign Language Section of OWI was a young gentleman
28 years old who had spent his
entire life on New ork's East Side, who spoke no foreign language
and yet had the decision on whether news
should be released to Europe or not. Anybody who disagreed with his
high admiration for our Soviet ally was
labeled a fascist. There was another child wonder YD 23 years old YD
who was the Russian expert of the OWI and
who saw to it that nothing went out that was displeasing to the objectives
of our noble ally YD including
grabbing ugoslavia. OWI's broadcasts to Poland ended not with the
Polish national anthem but with a song
adopted by the Polish emigres in Moscow who were known as Stalin's
"Committee of Liberation." The expert in
charge of the Polish section was actually born in Poland, but left
there and spent the rest of his life in France
where he was notorious as a Communist. He fraternized with the Vichy
government while Hitler and Stalin were
pals, but when Hitler invaded Russia he came to America and quickly
became OWI's expert in explaining
American democracy to the people of Poland.51 
The deputy director of the Pacific and Far Eastern Area was a British
subject until he got a government job in
Washington in 1942. While running this important bureau for OWI, he
wrote a play which was produced at
Hunter College. Burton Rascoe, reviewing it, said: "Its most conspicuous
purpose is to idealize the Red Army
in China, to defame the Chungking government under Chiang KaiYDshek
and to ridicule the political, social and
educational ideas of the vast majority of the American people."52 
The men, material, cable and wireless time used up by OWI were immense.
It ran 350 daily radio programs and
had a daily cableYDwireless output of 100,000 words. It was the world's
largest pamphlet and magazine publisher
and a big movie producer, sending shorts to every country in the world.
It sent out 3,500 transcribed
recordings a month and turned out 50 movie shorts a year. The content
of most of this material was pure drivel.
All of this work was not just naive. OWI printed 2,500,000 pamphlets
called "The Negro in the War,"54 with
pictures of Mr. and Mrs. Roosevelt, the Negroes' friends, in preparation
for the fourthYDterm campaign. It printed
a handsome volume called "Handbook of the United States"55 and gave
a British firm the right to publish it.
This gave a history of America, with the story from Leif Ericson's
discovery up to 1932 in four and oneYDhalf
pages. The rest of the history was devoted to Roosevelt and his New
Deal. This was in 1944 and a national
election was coming and England was jammed with American soldiers who
could vote. 
It had a department that supplied the pulp paper magazines with direction
and suggestions on how to slant
mystery and love stories. Western story writers were told how to emphasize
the heroism of our allies YD you
know which one. Writers were told to cast their soap operas with silent,
dogged Britons, faithful Chinese and
honest Latins. They must portray Japanese as having set out to seize
our Western seaboard and the sly and
treacherous characteristics of the Jap must be contrasted with the
faithfulness of the Chinese. They suggested
that Sax Rohmer's Fu Manchu be turned into a Jap instead of a Chinese.
When the war began the government, recognizing the need for protecting
our military operations from leaks
through careless or uninformed press reporting, organized the Office
of Censorship headed by Byron Price, an
able official of the Associated Press. To this bureau was given the
power to monitor all communications. It set
up a censorship organization which all publishers and broadcasters
voluntarily cooperated with. It worked
admirably and Mr. Price won the unstinted approval of the press for
his capable and tactful, yet firm, handling
of this difficult problem. No other government agency had any authority
whatever to engage in this activity.
And it was never intended that anybody should have the power to attempt
to interfere with the rights of
citizens to discuss with freedom all political questions, subject only
to the obligation not to divulge information
that would aid the enemy or defeat our military operations. 
Nevertheless, the OWI and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) took
upon themselves the power to
carry on the most extensive propaganda among, and the most dangerous
interference with, the
foreignYDlanguage broadcasting stations. Of course the ordinary American
official was hardly aware of the
opportunities this kind of thing gave to those who had political or
ideological axes to grind. 
It was important to see that nothing subversive and nothing that would
adversely affect the war effort
was used. And for this purpose the Office of Censorship was admirably
equipped and managed. But the FCC
decided that it would take a hand, not merely in monitoring the stations
but in literally directing and controlling
them. The OWI similarly arrived at the same conclusion. It also set
up a division for dealing with the problems
of the foreignYDborn through radio. 
Mr. Eugene L. Garey, chief counsel of the Congressional Select Committee
Investigating the FCC, speaking of
these conditions said: 
"From the record thus far made it appears that, in one foreign language
broadcasting station in New ork City,
the program director, the announcer, the script writer, the censor,
and the monitor of the ItalianYDlanguage
programs are all aliens or persons owing their positions to the Office
of War Information, with the approval of
the FCC. 
"The situation thus portrayed is not peculiar to this single station,
or to this one city. Information in our
possession indicates that the same situation prevails generally in
the foreign language stations throughout the
country. Every such key position in each of the three radio stations
presently under investigation are found to
be similarly staffed. These staffs select the news, edit the script,
and announce the program. The program, in
turn, is censored by them, monitored by them, and is presented under
the direction of a program director of
similar character. 
"From these apparently unrelated facts the picture must be further
developed. 
"OWI had the men and the material. It had the proper dye to color the
news. It also had the desire to select and
censor the news. What it lacked was the power, or perhaps more accurately
stated, even the color of power, to
carry their designs into effect. Hence the need to enlist the Federal
Communications Commission in its purpose.
"True it is that the Federal Communications Commission had no such
lawful power, but the Federal
Communications Commission did have the power to license and hence the
power to compel obedience to its
directions. The record now shows their unlawful use of this power.
"Working together in a common purpose, the Federal Communications Commission
and the Office of War
Information have accomplished a result that compels pause YD and presents
the solemn question of 'Whither are
we going?' 
"A division called the War Problems Division was created by the Federal
Communications Commission, and a
staff of attorneys began to function. 
"This division was not a regulatory body. It was not formed to instruct,
or supervise, or to correct. It was
formed for the avowed purpose of unlawfully liquidating all of the
radio personnel in the foreignYDlanguage field
that did not meet with its favor. A real gestapo was created and a
lawless enterprise was launched. 
"It is suggested that we accept this unlawful situation as a benevolent
expedient of the moment, but no such
purpose as we find here disclosed, however benevolently cloaked, can
justify the practices we find. All tyranny
begins under the guise of benevolence. 
"The voices of these aliens go into our homes, and the unwary are led
to believe that they speak with authority
and official approval. They even censor our Christmas and Easter religious
programs, and tell us what music we
may hear. The FCC is alarmed about whether we will react properly to
news furnished by our national news
agencies. Apparently we can still read the news in our press, but we
can only hear what these aliens permit us
to. What next medium of communications will receive the benevolent
attention of these misguided zealots?
Obviously, the press. 
"These interpreters of our national policy YD these slanters of our
news YD these destroyers of free speech YD are
alien in birth, alien in education, alien in training and in thought.
"And still these are the people who are permitted to mold our thoughts
YD to tell us what America's war aims and
purposes are. These people are in position to color, to delete, or
to slant, as they see fit, in accordance with
their own peculiar alien views and ideologies. 
"Persons are being accused of being proYDfascist, and that without proof
and without trial. Persons suspected of
being proYDfascist, and without proof, have been removed from the air
and replaced by wearers of the Black Shirt
... 
"If the radio can thus be controlled in August, 1943, there is nothing
to prevent the same control from slanting
our political news and nothing to prevent the coloring of our war aims
and purposes when peace comes."57 
In the presence of a government which had enlarged its power over the
lives and the thoughts and opinions of
citizens and which did not hesitate to use that power, the whole citizenry
was intimidated. Editors, writers,
commentators were intimidated. Men whose opinions did not conform to
the reigning philosophy were driven
from the air, from magazines and newspapers. While American citizens
who were moved by a deep and
unselfish devotion to the ideals of this Republic YD however wrongYDheaded
that may be in the light of the new
modes of "freedom" YD were forced into silence, the most blatant and
disruptive revolutionary lovers of the
systems of both fascism and Communism and that illegitimate offspring
of both YD Red fascism YD were lording it
over our minds. 
All this was possible for one reason and one reason only YD because
the President of the United States
countenanced these things, encouraged them and in many cases sponsored
them, not because he was a
Communist or fascist or held definitely to any political system, but
because at the moment they contributed to
his own ambitions. 
When a nation is at war, its leaders are compelled by the necessities
of practical administration to use every
means at hand to sell the war to the people who must fight it and pay
for it. As part of that job it is usual to
include the leader himself in the package. He is therefore portrayed
in heroic proportions and colors in order to
command for his leadership the fullest measure of unity. War, as we
have seen, puts into the hands of a leader
control over the instruments of propaganda and opinion on an everYDincreasing
scale. In our day the press, the
radio, the movies, even the schoolroom and the pulpit are mobilized
to justify the war, to magnify the leader and
to intimidate his critics. The citizen who is hardy enough to question
the official version of the leader and his
policies may find himself labeled as a public enemy or even as a traitor.
Hence as the war proceeds, amidst all
the trappings which the art of theater can contribute, it is possible
to build up a vast fraud, with an
everYDmounting torrent of false news, false pictures, false eulogies
and false history. After every war many years
are required to reduce its great figures to their just proportions
and to bring the whole pretentious legend back
into focus with truth. 
the public was treated to the royal spectacles off the coast
of Newfoundland aboard the Augusta, at Quebec, Casablanca, Moscow,
Cairo, Teheran and finally at alta.
Eloquent communiques pretended to inform the people of what had been
agreed on.
We now know that these communiques told us little of what had happened;
that the whole story lay, for long,
behind a great curtain of secrecy; that much YD though not all YD has
now been painfully brought to light and that
what stands revealed is a story very different from that heroic chronicle
of triumphs with which we were regaled
at the time. 
As Roosevelt saw it, Stalin was his great target. He began by completely
deceiving himself about Stalin. First of
all, he decided he must cultivate Stalin's good will and to do this
he convinced himself he must sell Stalin to our
people. Accordingly the instruments of propaganda which he could influence
YD the radio and the movies and to
a considerable degree, the press YD were set to work upon the great
task. 
Under the influence of this benevolent atmosphere the Reds in New ork
and their compliant dupes, the
fellowYDtravelers, swarmed into Washington and presently were sitting
in positions of power or influence in the
policyYDmaking sections of the government. Joe Davies had been induced
to go to Moscow, wrote his notorious
"Mission to Moscow," a jumble of obvious fictions which were later
transferred to the screen several times
exaggerated and shot into millions of minds in movie houses. 
We know now from the election returns
of 1944 that the Reds had in their hands enough support to have turned
the tide against Roosevelt. In New
ork State, for instance, Roosevelt won its 47 electoral votes by a
majority of 317,000. But he got 825,000 votes
from the Red American Labor Party dominated by the Communists, which
had also nominated him, and the
American Liberal Party made up of the pinks, which also nominated him.
Without these votes he would have
lost the state. He dared not defy these two powerful groups. On the
other hand, he was in a very deep hole
with the votes of the Polish, Lithuanian, Serbian and other Baltic
and Balkan peoples living in America who
were citizens. He had betrayed the Poles, the Serbs and the Baltic
peoples. But he had managed to keep it dark.
Somehow he must avoid any publication of the truth until after the
election. 
They made a decision at Quebec which has up to this moment paralyzed
utterly the
making of a stable peace in Europe and is pregnant with consequences
so terrible for the future that the mind
draws away from them in consternation.
Secretary Hull said: "This was a plan of blind vengeance ... It failed
to see that in striking at Germany it was
striking at all Europe." The proposals "that the mines be ruined was
almost breathtaking in its implications for
all Europe."
Beyond all this, of course, was our dignity as a civilized
people. The barbarians could sweep into enemy countries and ravage
their fields, burn their cities and murder
their leaders. This is a job from which a civilized people must recoil
if they have not lost their souls.
Roosevelt agreed to the Morgenthau Plan to destroy German industry
and to reduce Germany to a country
primarily agricultural and pastoral. Secretaries Hull and Stimson did
not know anything about it until four days
after it was done. 
e the contents of the Morgenthau Plan leaked to the papers and
Roosevelt became alarmed at the violence of the reaction, a fine evidence
of the fundamentally decent nature of
the majority of Americans. 
In the end the President was persuaded to get out of this appalling
agreement so far as destroying the mines of
the Ruhr were concerned. But Stimson declares "the same attitude remained,"
and the whole world now knows
of the frightful wreckage that was carried on in Germany and the blow
to the economy of all Europe that was
delivered in the name of "blind vengeance" and immortal hatred. 
The administration was now the hopeless prisoner of these demanding
and ruthless radical labor
leaders, who had shown their ability to elect or defeat the Democratic
party, who had filled all the departments
and bureaus with their agents and who had insinuated their experts
into the CIO labor unions and their
propagandists into the radio, the movies and all the great instruments
of communication and opinion YD a fact
which Mr. Roosevelt's successors would have to face when the war ended.
What had become of the Atlantic Charter? On December 20, 1944, the
President at a press conference was
asked about the Charter which he and Churchill had signed. His reply
literally bowled over the correspondents.
There was not and never had been a complete Atlantic Charter signed
by him and Churchill, he replied. Then
where is the Charter now, he was asked. He replied: "There wasn't any
copy of the Atlantic Charter so far as I
know." It was just a press release. It was scribbled on a piece of
paper by him and Churchill and Sumner Welles
and Sir Alexander Cadogan. It was just handed to the radio operator
aboard the British and American warships
to put on the air as a news release. Further inquiry revealed that
Stephen Early had handed it out on his own
with the signatures of Churchill and Roosevelt attached. And over on
the wall of the National Museum in
Washington, beautifully framed and illuminated after the manner of
an ancient document YD like Magna Carta or
the Declaration of Independence YD was the great Atlantic Charter itself,
with the signatures of Roosevelt and
Churchill. Daily visitors stood before it as before some great historic
document. John O'Donnell, of the New
ork Daily News, asked the curator where he got it. He answered that
it came from the Office of War
Information. They had "loaned" the precious document to the National
Museum. By inquiry at the OWI YD that
prolific fountain of phony news YD O'Donnell learned that OWI had gotten
it up and affixed the names of
Roosevelt and Churchill. They had printed 240,000 copies of it. O'Donnell
went back to the Museum with this
information. And lo! the great Charter was gone. An attendant told
him it had been ordered off the wall twenty
minutes before. Thus ended the story of this wretched fraud. The fake
document which was never signed and
was nothing more than a publicity stunt to conceal the real purposes
of the Atlantic meeting had been slain by
its chief sponsor and, of course, all its highYDsounding professions,
after Teheran, had become as sounding
brass or a tinkling cymbal. 
On January 20, 1945, Roosevelt was sworn in as President of the United
States for a fourth term. Three days
later he left Norfolk on the heavy cruiser Quincy for what was to be
his last act in the hapless drama of peace. 
                    
                  
                  
                          
                            
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The Polish question was "settled." The formal proposal to hand over
eastern Poland YD east of the Curzon line YD
was made by Roosevelt himself.102 As to western Poland, Stalin already
had a government there named by him
and composed of Communists representing no one but Stalin himself.
Russia wanted the amount to be 20 billion dollars of which she would
take half. It
was agreed that labor might be taken as a possible source of reparations.
This was just a diplomatic way of
authorizing the seizure of human beings to work as slaves after the
war ended and is the basis of that dreadful
crime perpetrated after hostilities ceased to which the President of
the United States agreed.
As the conference ended, Roosevelt remained an extra day because Stalin
wanted to talk with him. He did so
alone. What he wanted settled was "the political aspects of Russia's
participation" in the Pacific. This he was
able to do very quickly and to his complete satisfaction. In return
for Russian participation in the Pacific,
Roosevelt agreed that the Kuriles Islands would be handed to Russia,
who would also get Sakhalin Island,
internationalization of the Port of Darien, the lease of Port Arthur
as a naval base and joint operation with China
of the Eastern and Southern Manchurian railroads. And Roosevelt promised
to use his influence with Chiang
to force him to agree. This secret agreement, like the one supporting
the use of slave labor, was not made
public and was concealed even from Byrnes who was Roosevelt's adviser
at alta. He did not hear of it until
after Mr. Roosevelt's death. Then he saw a reference to it in a Russian
dispatch. By that time he was Secretary
of State. He asked President Truman to have the White House records
searched for this and any other secret
outstanding I.O.U.'s.105 
He did
suggest that to avoid criticism at home the United States be given
three votes too. And Stalin agreed. When
Byrnes got back to the United States he found a note from Roosevelt
instructing him not to discuss this
agreement even in private. Later Roosevelt decided not to ask for the
three votes for the United States. Byrnes
says he never discovered the reason.106 
On the way home
General Watson, his military secretary, died suddenly of heart disease.
Roosevelt reached Washington the end
of February. On March 1 he appeared before a joint session of Congress.
He told the Congress that "more than
ever before the major allies are closely united," that "the ideal of
lasting peace will become a reality." There was
no hint that the surrender which was now formally announced with respect
to eastern Poland was in fact a
major defeat. The disappearance of the Baltic states and practically
all the Balkans behind Stalin's iron curtain
was not announced in any other terms than as a great forward step in
the liberation of Europe. As for western
Poland, there were heavy overtones of guilt and frustration unintentionally
evident. 
In two months Roosevelt was dead. Truman became President. Shortly
after, in May, the German Army
surrendered. The fighting was in the West was over. 
"Silent, mournful, broken Czechoslovakia recedes into the darkness.
She
has suffered in every respect by her association with the Western democracies."
Chamberlain appeased Hitler
and averted war. Churchill got for England both a war and appeasement.
Stalin had merely to sit tight, to make known
his wishes and Roosevelt laid them in his lap with eager compliance
in the notion that he could thus soften
Stalin. It is all the more incredible when we remember that the things
he was laying in Stalin's lap were the
existence of little nations and the rights of little peoples we had
sworn to defend. And when Truman and
Byrnes went to Potsdam what confronted them was an appalling mess.
Roosevelt not only made agreements secret from the people but secret
from his
closest advisers in the government. He made agreements with Stalin
hostile to the objectives of Churchill and
kept secret from Churchill. He made secret agreements with Chiang KaiYDshek,
secret from both Churchill and
Stalin, and secret agreements in derogation of Chiang KaiYDshek's interests
without his knowledge. And he made
many secret agreements which no one in our State Department knew about
until his death and then learned
about them the hard way, by having them flung in their faces at embarrassing
moments by Molotov. 
At the end of all this, Russia held in her hands a vast belt of land
running from the Baltic sea in the north to the
Black Sea in the south, comprising eleven nations with a population
of 100 million people. These she held, not
as parts of the Soviet Union, but as puppet states, presided over by
Red Quislings of Stalin's own selection
who represented him and not the people they governed, any more than
Quisling represented the people of
Norway. 
The truth is that Roosevelt was a dying man when he was elected, that
many of those around him knew it, that
the most elaborate care was exercised to conceal the fact from the
people and that the misgivings of those who
observed it were justified by events, since he died less than three
months after his fourth inauguration. The
progress of that illness and the means employed to deceive the people
must be examined. 
Rear Admiral Ross T. McIntire, his official physician, felt called
upon to put in a book his formal apologia.
He was a naval officer employed by the people to watch
over the President's health and these statements had the effect of
deceiving the employers of the President and
of the Admiral YD namely the people. 
What disease Roosevelt suffered from at Hyde Park and later, that produced
such grave consequences, we do
not know save upon the statements of Dr. McIntire. Many other doctors
were called in to examine the patient,
but none of these men has ever made any statements. However, while
the illness seemingly began at Hyde Park
after the return from Teheran, there is at least some evidence that
he was far from sound before that time. Three
men have written about the trip to Cairo and Teheran YD Dr. McIntire,
Mike Reilly, chief of the President's Secret
Service guard, and Elliott Roosevelt. The President went to Cairo by
sea. But he wanted to fly from there to
Teheran. Reilly tells us that Admiral McIntire "did not want to submit
some of the members of the party to the
rigors of high altitude flight" but that "the President was not one
of these members."112 And McIntire
volunteers the information that Roosevelt suffered no discomfort on
high altitude flights and had shown no
signs of anoxemia when flying at altitudes of 10,000 to 12,000 feet.113
ou might suppose from this Roosevelt
was quite a flier. et he had never been in a plane since he flew to
Chicago for his first acceptance speech 11
years before until he made the trip to Casablanca YD his only flight
while President before Teheran. However,
Elliott Roosevelt in his book defeats these yarns. He tells how McIntire
was worried about Father's projected
flight. "I'm serious, Elliott," says McIntire. "I think he could fly
only as far as Basra and then go on by train."
Elliott wanted to know what height his father might fly, to which McIntire
replied: "Nothing over 7500 feet YD and
that's tops."114 
Elliott talked to the President's proposed pilot, Major Otis Bryan
who, with Mike Reilly, made an inspection
flight from Teheran to Basra and back and reported that the trip could
be made without going higher than 7000
feet, which, says Elliott, "pleased Father very much."115 Thus McIntire
and Reilly are both caught redYDhanded
misleading their readers. This was before Teheran. 
Elliott talked to the President's proposed pilot, Major Otis Bryan
who, with Mike Reilly, made an inspection
flight from Teheran to Basra and back and reported that the trip could
be made without going higher than 7000
feet, which, says Elliott, "pleased Father very much."115 Thus McIntire
and Reilly are both caught redYDhanded
misleading their readers. This was before Teheran. 
Whatever malady struck Roosevelt down at Hyde Park in December and
kept him pretty much out of circulation
until nearly the middle of May, 1944, we know that McIntire at that
time caused a heart specialist from Boston
to be inducted into the service to remain continuously at Roosevelt's
side and that this heart specialist, Dr.
Howard Bruenn, said a year later at Warm Springs that he "never let
Roosevelt out of his sight," which is a
most unusual performance in the case of a patient whose "stout heart
never failed him," as Dr. McIntire puts it
A great mystery surrounded this illness.
. He was dying slowly at first, rapidly later. And at his side as his
chief adviser was
another dying man YD Harry Hopkins. Hopkins had had a portion of his
stomach removed for ulcers and what
was known as a gastroYDenterotomy performed. After this his liver troubled
him and the gall bladder failed to
supply satisfactorily the essential bile necessary to digestion. 
These two dying men, floating slowly out of life, were deliberately
put into power through a fourthYDterm election by a carefully arranged
deception practiced upon the American
people and upon some, at least, of the party leaders. Here was a crime
committed against a great nation which
had made tremendous sacrifices and against the peace and security of
the world in a moment of the gravest
danger. History will pronounce its verdict upon all who were guilty.
Dr. McIntire was immediately notified of the stroke in
Washington and he, Mrs. Roosevelt and Steve Early left at once by plane
for Warm Springs, arriving there at
11 P.M. They immediately decided to have no autopsy. The body was consigned
to its coffin and orders issued
not to open it. It was taken from Warm Springs next morning at 9 o'clock.
It reached Washington next day YD the
14th YD and after lying for a few hours without ever being opened was
taken that night to Hyde Park for
interment next day. It has been the custom in the past for the remains
of deceased Presidents to lie in state in
the Capitol. This was not done.
Present in the cottage when the President was stricken were the artist,
Mrs.
Schoumantoff, who was painting his portrait, his two cousins, his valet
and several others. The artist, a
Russian, was ordered to leave at once. She took a train without delay
and was not located until two days later
at Locust Valley, L.I.
At St. Helena the British government provided its illustrious
prisoner, Napoleon I, with a physician. He was Dr. Francesco Antomarchi,
a Corsican, who however, did not
seem particularly fond of his fallen countryman and who failed signally
to win Napoleon's confidence. Dr.
Antomarchi persisted to the end in the belief that his royal patient
was not seriously ill. Napoleon convinced
himself that his physician did not know what he was doing and that
the medicines he was prescribing were
actually injuring him. Napoleon watched his chance and when the doctor's
back was turned, handed the mixture
just prepared for him to an aide who swallowed it and was immediately
taken with a violent internal disturbance.
The Emperor denounced Antomarchi as an assassin. Dr. MacLaurin,126
who has written interestingly of this
case, observes that from the symptoms now known to be present and even
in the then state of medical
knowledge at that period, the veriest blockhead would have known that
the Emperor was seriously ill.
Napoleon died shortly after the incident described above of cancer
of the stomach. In this case, instead of
passing up the autopsy, Antomarchi performed one himself in order to
prove that there were no symptoms
present to inform him of the presence of cancer and he wrote a book
upon the subject. 
He did not restore our economic system to vitality. He
changed it. The system he blundered us into is more like the managed
and bureaucratized, stateYDsupported
system of Germany before World War I than our own traditional order.
Before his regime we lived in a system
which depended for its expansion upon private investment in private
enterprise. Today we live in a system
which depends for its expansion and vitality upon the government. This
is a preYDwar European importation YD
imported at the moment when it had fallen into complete disintegration
in Europe. In America today every
fourth person depends for his livelihood upon employment either directly
by the government or indirectly in
some industry supported by government funds. In this substituted system
the government confiscates by
taxes or borrowings the savings of all the citizens and invests them
in nonYDwealthYDproducing enterprises in
order to create work. Behold the picture of American economy today:
taxes which confiscate the savings of
every citizen, a public debt of 250 billion dollars as against a preYDRoosevelt
debt of 19 billions, a government
budget of 40 billions instead of four before Roosevelt, inflation doubling
the prices and reducing the
lowerYDbracket employed workers to a state of pauperism as bad as that
of the unemployed in the depression,
more people on various kinds of government relief than when we had
11 million unemployed, Americans
trapped in the economic disasters and the political quarrels of every
nation on earth and a system of permanent
militarism closely resembling that we beheld with horror in Europe
for decades, bureaucrats swarming over
every field of life and the President calling for more power, more
priceYDfixing, more regulations and more billions.
Does this look like the traditional American scene? Or does it not
look rather like the system built by Bismarck
in Germany in the last century and imitated by all the lesser Bismarcks
in Europe? 
He changed our political system with two weapons YD blankYDcheck congressional
appropriations and blankYDcheck congressional legislation. In 1933,
Congress abdicated much of its power when
it put billions into his hands by a blanket appropriation to be spent
at his sweet will and when it passed general
laws, leaving it to him, through great government bureaus of his appointment,
to fill in the details of legislation
He used it to break down the power of
Congress and concentrate it in the hands of the executive. The end
of these two betrayals YD the smashing of
our economic system and the twisting of our political system YD can
only be the Planned Economic State, which,
either in the form of Communism or Fascism, dominates the entire continent
of Europe today. The capitalist
system cannot live under these conditions. The capitalist system cannot
survive a Planned Economy. Such an
economy can be managed only by a dictatorial government capable of
enforcing the directives it issues. The
only result of our present system YD unless we reverse the drift YD must
be the gradual extension of the fascist
sector and the gradual disappearance of the system of free enterprise
under a free representative government. 
how has it advanced the cause of democracy? We liberated Europe
from Hitler and turned it over to the mercies of a far more terrible
tyrant and actually tried to sell him to the
people as a savior of civilization. Behold Europe! Does one refer to
the wreckage there as liberation and
salvation? Is anyone so naive as to suppose that democracy and free
capitalism have been restored in Europe?
Fascism has departed from Germany, but a hybrid system of socialism
and capitalism in chains has come to
England, which is called social democracy but is on its way to Fascism
with all the controls without which such
a system cannot exist. And in America the price of the war is that
fatal deformity of our own economic and
political system which Roosevelt effected under the impact of the war
necessities. 
The war rescued him and he seized upon it like a drowning man. By leading
his country into the fringes of the war at first and then deep into
its center all over the world he was able to do
the only things that could save him YD spend incomprehensible billions,
whip up spending in the hot flames of
war hysteria, put every man and his wife and grandparents into the
war mills, while under the pressure of
patriotic inhibitions, he could silence criticism and work up the illusion
of the war leader. 
Look up the promises he made, not to our own people, but to the Chinese,
to Poland, to
Czechoslovakia, to the Baltic peoples in Lithuania and Latvia and Estonia,
to the Jews out of one side of his
mouth and to the Arabs out of the other side. He broke every promise.
The figure of Roosevelt exhibited before the eyes of our people is
a fiction. There was no such being as that
noble, selfless, hardYDheaded, wise and farseeing combination of philosopher,
philanthropist and warrior which
has been fabricated out of pure propaganda and which a small collection
of dangerous cliques in this country
are using to advance their own evil ends. 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In June the longYDawaited invasion of the continent was launched. With
this we will not concern ourselves. The
other subject that occupied Roosevelt's mind was his plan to have himself
renominated for a fourth time. 
The President had lost his head, at least a little. Congress was slipping
away from him. A growing section of his
party, particularly in the Senate, was moving out of that collection
of incongruous elements called the Third
New Deal. It was crawling with Reds and their gullible allies who got
themselves into key positions in all the
bureaus and were talking with great assurance about what they were
going to do with America and the world.
The Communists had all become antiYDfascists and everybody who was against
the Communists was, therefore,
a fascist. A group of organizations financed by undisclosed benefactors
was riding roughshod through the
country smearing everybody who questioned the grandiose plans of the
Great Leader for remaking America
and the world. Nobody was getting a hotter dose of this smearing than
the American Congress. The radio and
the frightened press and magazines kept up a barrage against the members
of the President's own party in both
houses. 
It was a Democratic bill and the blast that exploded in his face brought
him up with a jerk. In the upper house, Senator Barkley, Democratic
leader, Roosevelt's own representative
there, rose to upbraid him. He said the message was "a calculated and
deliberate assault upon the legislative
integrity of every member of Congress." He cried: "I do not propose
to take it lying down," as Democratic and
Republican senators united in a roar of applause. He ended his philippic
with an announcement that made
headlines in every paper in the country. He declared that after seven
years of carrying the New Deal banner for
the President, he now resigned his post as Democratic majority leader
and he called on every member of the
Congress to preserve its selfYDrespect and override the veto. The Senate
overrode it 72 to 14 and the House 299
to 95. It brought Roosevelt tumbling off his high horse. He sent Steve
Early running to Barkley's home that
very night to beg him not to quit. Barkley yielded. 
McIntire was a naval doctor in 1932 and was recommended to
Roosevelt as White House physician by Admiral Grayson. McIntire was
an eye, ear and nose specialist. He got
along famously with Roosevelt, was elevated by him to the grade of
admiral and made head of the Naval
Hospital Service. 
Thus once again the problem of disease entangled itself in the making
of history. 
It had happened after the First World War when the President was stricken
by a brain
hemorrhage that paralyzed his body and impaired his mind and, worse
than this, disturbed his normal mental
balance. What might have been the course of history had Woodrow Wilson's
mental and physical powers
survived must be a matter of speculation. 
We have seen how the Communist party had successfully penetrated the
unions organized by the Congress of
Industrial Organizations YD the CIO YD and how John L. Lewis and David
Dubinsky had got out of it for this
reason, leaving Sidney Hillman in complete control. We have also seen
how the war brought Hillman to the top
in White House circles when he and William Knudsen became the directors
of the economic war effort.
Knudsen departed in good time, but Hillman remained close to the White
House. 
. By 1943, Earl Browder, Communist
leader, had about completed the discovery that there was no hope for
a proletarian revolution in America. The
party got nowhere preaching Communism. The people just wouldn't listen.
But it learned that it could getyYYY   
  
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very
far by using a different technique. After all, Communist revolutionaries
know that before they can introduce
Communism they must destroy the political and economic system of the
country in which they conspire. 
t fascism YD the Planned Capitalist Economy
YD is merely a decadent phase of capitalism. For this reason the Communist
party had been promoting with great
success RedYDfront organizations and inducing the most important people,
like Mrs. Roosevelt, Henry Wallace
and scores of prominent leaders in education and public life, to work
with them. 
As 1944 opened, Browder decided to liquidate the Communist party. It
would go out of politics. It would
become a mere educational association. This was done, and Browder and
Sidney Hillman teamed up to capture
the American Labor Party. This had been formed originally in New ork
City to provide a political vehicle for
Fiorello LaGuardia in his local politics. It had all sorts of people
in it. There were a lot of Reds, a lot of socialists
and a lot of parlor and campus pinks of all sorts, plus a lot of social
reformers and welfare reformers. It had
corralled a lot of votes YD enough to swing an election in New ork
State YD by giving or withholding its vote
from the Democrats. It supported Lehman in 1940 and elected him on
the Democratic ticket. It refused to
endorse the Democratic candidate, Bennett, for governor in 1942 and
the Democratic vote, without it, was
insufficient and thus Dewey became governor. Now Browder and Hillman
joined forces and decided to take
over the American Labor Party. They met resistance from the mixed collection
of pinks who had control, but in
a bitter battle Browder and Hillman took it over. Actually Browder
dominated this team because it was
Communist votes that did the trick. 
In addition to this, Hillman had organized in 1943 a new political
labor group called the CIO Political Action
Committee. The CIO had violated the law by supporting candidates in
various primary elections and to get
around this Hillman formed this Political Action Committee and pressure
was put on members of CIO unions to
compel them to join. This organization was now being used as a club
in the Democratic party to bludgeon
Democratic congressmen and officials generally to play ball with Hillman,
Wallace and their crowd, while
Hillman and Browder did business as a team in New ork State in the
newly reYDformed Communist American
Labor Party. 
The Democratic party could win if it could carry the Southern states
and in addition New ork, Massachusetts,
Illinois, Michigan and New Jersey. These states could be carried with
the support of Sidney Hillman's Political
Action Committee and Browder's American Labor Party, but not without
them and Roosevelt was the only
possible candidate who could get this support. The Democrats had to
nominate Roosevelt or lose the election.
There were some Democrats who thought it was better to lose the election,
but not enough of them.
Accordingly when the convention assembled in Chicago on July 19, Sidney
Hillman was there, not as a
delegate YD he was not even a member of the party YD but to see that
the subservient Democrats behaved to his
satisfaction and to the satisfaction of his friend and partner, Browder.
To this pass had Roosevelt's personal
political ambitions brought the Democratic party of Jefferson, Cleveland
and Wilson. Hillman had a
headquarters there. He wasn't worried about Roosevelt's nomination.
That was settled. He wasn't worried about
the platform. That was written to his satisfaction before the convention
assembled by Sam Rosenman. He had
one more demand. He wanted Henry Wallace nominated again for Vice President.
Harry Hopkins and Henry Wallace and, of course, Sidney Hillman
knew. They knew that Roosevelt was doomed and that if they could name
Henry Wallace Vice President this
time, the government would be in their hands. 
But Chicago had a visitor about whom nothing was known until later.
On the evening of July 14, Roosevelt left
Washington with great secrecy on a special train. It reached Chicago
on Saturday the 15th. That same day,
Robert E. Hannegan, Democratic national chairman, got to Chicago. Reporters
awaited him at the station. But
he slipped out through a rear door of his train and into Mayor Kelly's
policeYDescorted automobile and vanished.
Reporters frantically hunted him all over town. He remained out of
sight until the next day. But in the meantime
he had made a visit to Roosevelt's train, secretly parked on a remote
railroad siding. There poor Wallace's
goose was cooked. Hannegan, too, got a letter. It said the President
would be happy to have either Harry
Truman or William Douglas as his running mate. And as Hannegan was
leaving the train, Roosevelt warned
him "to clear everything with Sidney." The Presidential approval of
Truman was no good until Sidney O.K.'d it
Truman was nominated with 1100 votes to only 66 for
Wallace. But not until Sidney Hillman had approved the change. 
His first speech was not made until September 24 to a dinner given
by the International Teamsters'
Union dominated by Daniel Tobin YD an AFL union. Its purpose was to
put some emphasis on the support of the
AFL in view of the bitter feeling among AFL leaders because of the
dominant role Sidney Hillman's CIO was
playing in Roosevelt's councils and particularly in its favored position
before Roosevelt's Labor Board
~~~~~~~~~
Secret Service Page-
The first occurred on February 1, 1933, in Miami, Florida Giuseppe
Zangara fired five
shots a President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was making an impromptu
speech while sitting
in an open car that had stopped momentarily. Although none of the shots
hit President Roosevelt,
Zangara mortally wounded Anton Cermak, the Mayor of Chicago, and hit
four other people,
including a Secret Service agent.
On February 15, 1933, Zangara attended
a speech given by Roosevelt at Bayfront Park in Miami, Florida.
When Roosevelt had finished his talk and was preparing to leave,
Zangara pulled out a pistol and opened fire. A bystander
deflected the assassin's aim by pushing his arm into the air.
Zangara wounded five people who had been near the
president-elect, two of them seriously. Most critically injured was
Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak, who was struck by the bullet in
the chest which then lodged in his spine. 
Zangara was immediately charged with four counts of attempted
murder. He was not charged initially with the wounding of
Cermak, as authorities waited to see if the mayor's wounds
would prove fatal. The State charged Zangara for attempting to
murder Franklin Roosevelt, Russell Caldwell, Margaret Kruise,
and William Sinnott. Zangara was found guilty on each count and
sentenced to four consecutive twenty year terms. 
On March 6, Mayor Cermak died from complications stemming
from the shooting. The same day Zangara was indicted by a
grand jury and charged with first degree murder in the death of
Cermak. His trial began on March 9 and ended on March 11
with a guilty verdict and a death sentence. The prisoner was
transported to the Florida State Prison at Raiford, where he was
executed on March 20, 1933. 
The parade car moved slowly down the street as President-elect Roosevelt
and Mayor Cermak
smiled and waved. The car stopped and President-elect Roosevelt gave
a speech while sitting on
the back of the car. A man named Guiseppe Zangara pushed through the
crowd. He fired five
shots at the President-elect. The bullets hit four people and Mayor
Cermak. The mayor fell out of
the car and called out "The President, get him away!" But Roosevelt
ordered his car to stop and
that Mayor Cermak be put in with him. President-elect Roosevelt held
Mayor Cermak all the way
to the hospital.
Mayor Anton J. Cermak died three weeks later, on March 8, 1933. His
body was taken back to
Chicago and buried in the Bohemian National Cemetery.
Guiseppe Zangara was executed in the electric chair on March 21, 1933.
That was only 13 days
after Mayor Cermak died.
It was not always thus. Consider the case of Guiseppe Zangara, who
was executed in 1933 for the
attempted assassination of President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt in
which Chicago Mayor Anton
J. Cermak was fatally shot. Zangara pleaded guilty in state court on
March 10, was sentenced to
death, and was executed on March 20 -- an interval of 10 days! Kenneth
J. Davis, FDR: The
New ork ears 1928-1933 (Random House, 1985) at 427-435.
After Roosevelt had delivered a
speech in Florida on February 14, 1938, Guiseppe Zangara, an unemployed
bricklayer, fired six
sbots from a handgun at Roosevelt from twelve yards away. The president
elect, who was sitting
in an open car, was uninjured but five other people were shot, including
Chicago mayor Anton
Cernak, who was killed. Zangara, who had a pathological hatred for
rich and powerful figures,
was found guilty of murder and electrocuted.February 15, 1933, Guiseppe
Zangara rose early in Miami, Florida to assassinate Franklin
Delano Roosevelt, president-elect. In the past weeks, FDR's popularity
had increased. That
warm, reassuring voice, that ready grin and tilted cigarette holder,
had reached out to touch
millions of folks all over America. Zangara did not share these emotions.
Pushing his way through
the crowd, Zangara shouted out "There are too many people starving
to death!" He fired shot after
shot at FDR, but a woman's quick move knocked the gun upward. The bullets
hit several
bystanders and mortally wounded Mayor Cermak of Miami. 
                    
                  
                  
                          
                            
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