December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

Joe Bress
by bill payne 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Thursday 1/15/98 6:54 AM Ray Sumser Arnold Intrater Jennifer Lipnick National Academy of Public Administration 955 L'Enfant Plaza, North SW Washington, DC 20074 202-651-8062 393-0993 FAX Former NAPA employee and lawyer Joe Bress' words, "Win or lose," to me spoke in your presence in ABQ caused some additional whistleblowing on Internet. A cypherpunk, I am guessing. I stayed off Internet for one year so as to be above suspicious. The attached letter to judge Edwards was mailed July 16, 1996. And received July 18, 1996. Moorer and other retired Navy brass, at a news conference, expressed grave suspicion over the FBI's recently concluded 18-month investigation of the disaster, in which the plane disintegrated July 17, 1996, en route to Paris and plunged into the Atlantic near Long Island, killing 230. They said a military missile explosion just outside the 747's forward cabin seems the likely cause. While the timing of my letter to Edwards was merely coincidence, I am concerned that whistleblowing may constitute a danger to public safety. Please help to get this matter settled. Thanks bill Title: Navy Brass Revive Missile Theory [Email Reply] Retired Navy Brass Revives Twa Missile Theory Officers Voice Suspicions Over Fbi's Findings By John Hanchette and Billy House Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on Jan. 8 called for new congressional hearings into last July's crash of TWA Flight 800. "It absolutely deserves more investigation -- a lot more," Moorer told Gannett News Service. "This time, I wouldn't let the FBI do it. I'd have the NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board) do it. I think Congress certainly should get more answers from the FBI." Moorer and other retired Navy brass, at a news conference, expressed grave suspicion over the FBI's recently concluded 18-month investigation of the disaster, in which the plane disintegrated July 17, 1996, en route to Paris and plunged into the Atlantic near Long Island, killing 230. They said a military missile explosion just outside the 747's forward cabin seems the likely cause. "All evidence would point to a missile," Moorer said. "All those witnesses who saw a streak that hit the airplane -- you have to assume it's a missile. In an investigation like this, you can't overlook anything." Moorer, an expert on missile weaponry, attended the news conference convened by a media critic group that scoffs at the official NTSB and FBI findings unveiled a month ago. Joseph Valiquette, FBI spokesman in New York, said the agency is "comfortable" with its conclusions that "there's no evidence a criminal act was responsible." 'A train wreck in the sky' The Navy officers -- who appeared with a veteran TWA pilot, two witnesses and members of Accuracy in Media, which coordinated the briefing -- said a new study of evidence from recovered Flight 800 data recorders rebuts the government's official story about fuel vapors exploding in a central tank of the jetliner after a spark from unknown causes. "This is either a train wreck in the sky, or an explosive device -- mid-air, outside the plane," said retired Navy Cmdr. William Donaldson, who flew 89 combat missions over Vietnam and for five years was a top Naval aviation accident investigator. Donaldson, who said he is not working for TWA or the passenger jet's manufacturer, Boeing, examined the mountain of material released in early December about the $100 million federal investigation. He particularly criticized one NTSB document reflecting flight-recorder data that was not discussed when the material was unveiled in Baltimore last month. Donaldson noted a line drawn through readings of the last five seconds of the doomed jet's flight, with a handwritten margin note reading "End of Flt. 800 DATA" -- except there are more revealing readings below it. He said he thinks this was an attempt to divert attention from the final readings on the flight recorder: "The only reason you put flight data recorders into an airplane at millions of dollars cost is to capture this last data line." He said NTSB officials later tried to convince the Navy dissidents it merely was transcript from an earlier flight -- a conclusion former TWA pilot Howard Mann said is "not possible -- it's erased -- there's just no way." The final readings show chaos in the sky -- with airspeed dropping instantly by almost 200 knots, the pitch angle jumping five degrees, altitude dropping 3,600 feet in about three seconds, the roll angle going from zero to 144 degrees (the plane almost inverted), and magnetic heading changing from 82 degrees to 163 degrees. The small vane that measures wind angle striking the nose -- situated on the left forward fuselage -- goes from 3 degrees to 106 degrees back to 30 degrees. Donaldson said all these indicate an extremely high-pressure wave coming from the lower left side of the plane's front. The measurements "indicate there was an explosion -- a big explosion -- outside the cockpit." Mann agreed with Donaldson's interpretations. Donaldson also said: * Divers found debris from the forward fuselage as much as 2,900 feet to the right of the extended flight path, suggesting it may have been propelled by an explosion from the plane's left. * Fuselage doors from near the front of the craft, later recovered, were bent and dented inward. * Subsequent tests Donaldson conducted showed fuel vapor in the empty center tank would not have been flammable enough to cause such an explosion, and there was nothing to ignite it. * More damage occurred to the left wing than the right. * The fuselage skin broke up in such a way as to suggest a pressure wave from the outside left front. "What you're looking at is the product of an explosion in the sky that totally destroyed the aircraft's ability to fly anywhere," he said. A digital animation computer rendering of the catastrophe -- prepared by the CIA for media use in early December -- sought to explain some of the physical forces on the flight data by showing the nose breaking off the huge aircraft and the body then climbing almost 3,000 feet before a huge petroleum explosion sends it fireballing into the sea. "There couldn't have been an aviator at CIA who had anything to do with that," said Donaldson. "They were laughed out of town by pilots." Eyewitness accounts Two witnesses from Long Island -- lawyer Frederick Meyer and furniture maker Richard Goss -- described what looked like a missile contrail rising upward in the sky before the TWA explosion. Goss said the FBI was interested and "very amazed," but later "there wasn't as much enthusiasm . . . I never heard from them again." Meyer, a helicopter pilot in Vietnam, was flying an Air National Guard helicopter on maneuvers when the disaster occurred in front of him: "I saw, what I swear to God, was military ordnance explode." Meyer said, "The aircraft I saw came out of the air like a stone. Nobody saw that aircraft climb a foot after it was hit. The CIA cartoon bears no similarity to what I saw." Meyer approached the FBI with his report, but said after two desultory interviews, agents never called back. He claims he knows several witnesses who called the FBI's 800 number with similar reports, but were not called back. The FBI, Donaldson said, "is holding the lid on 92 witnesses who allege they saw something go and climb to the sky. Most of those people are scared to death right now." Valiquette, the FBI spokesman, said, "We know there are always going to be people who will never accept our findings. And we're comfortable with that, too. . . . We went back and re-interviewed all those eyewitnesses. We plotted their positions, and there was a lot of analysis done. Today, we are comfortable with the results." The retired officers speculated a missile could have come from either a submarine or a buoy device developed by the Navy years ago to float attack missiles into position for launch from miles away. "One vital question we haven't attacked is the origin of that streak of light," Moorer said. "Where did it come from? Who fired it." For its part, the NTSB insisted after the briefing that "We have no physical evidence that a missile impacted TWA 800, or a fragment of a missile penetrated the aircraft." Navy Times, Jan. 19, 1998, Page 14 Posted here Jan. 15, 1998 Web Page: http://www.aci.net/kalliste/

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Microsoft Metaphors
by Declan McCullagh 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

What are the best metaphors to use when talking about a browser and an operating system? Is the combination like a car and an engine, or a car and a roofrack? A pair of gloves? Or is it even useful to talk about a browser/OS metaphor in the case of Microsoft, since IE has been glued into the operating system in the form of .DLLs? Might that be more like the wheels of a car? -Declan

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Microsoft Metaphors (fwd)
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Forwarded message: > Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:09:09 -0500 > From: Declan McCullagh <declan(a)well.com> > Subject: Microsoft Metaphors > What are the best metaphors to use when talking about a browser and an > operating system? Is the combination like a car and an engine, or a car and > a roofrack? A pair of gloves? It seem to me to be like a car and a road map. It simply lets you address the multiplicity of resources (ie destinations) out there in a convenient model. ____________________________________________________________________ | | | The most powerful passion in life is not love or hate, | | but the desire to edit somebody elses words. | | | | Sign in Ed Barsis' office | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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Re: how to release code if the programmer is a target for coercion (fwd)
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Hi Ryan, Thanks for the clarification. I've added a few issues that have occured to myself and Doug Floyd (operator of the dh-l mailing list) during several short discussions we've had over the last year. Forwarded message: > Subject: Re: how to release code if the programmer is a target for coercion (fwd) > From: Ryan Lackey <rdl(a)mit.edu> > Date: 15 Jan 1998 05:19:25 -0500 > The problem reduces to one of distribution of public keys. Agreed. > In my model > (er, actually Lenny Foner's model, in this case), you distribute something > that has intrinsic verifiability -- the eternity source. If I understand this you mean to use the code itself as the key? So you require all the eternity servers to use the same source? Doesn't this imply at some point a single point of distribution and hence another point of attack? > So whether > or not rdl's eternity-dds signing key is compromised is irrelevant to > the users -- in fact, the assumption is that since I am a known target, > I've been killed or compromised. So, there's this potentially untrusted > code out there. I am unclear as to what you mean by 'known target', are you refering to a particular eternity server, the eternity server code itself, the document the user is looking for, or the provider of the document? I suspect the provider of the document. Doesn't the fact that you can't address issues of key validity become an issue? How does this model handle key aging or do you propose to leave the same keys out there for extended periods of time (ie decades after your death)? Doesn't this extended lifetime represent a threat to the validity of the keys since it provides mallet an exceptional period of time in which to mount the attack? Especialy since nobody is checking the keys? It further seems to me that the main motive of most law enforcement is going to be going after the user of the data the majority of the time since this is much more time critical than knowing who provided the data. After all simply knowing who did the original sourcing is not enough to remove the problem after the fact. Eternity servers are after intended to be long lived mechanism, this provides the authorities much time to follow the data and analyze the network traffic. Wouldn't it be important to provide some sort of delivery mechanism that provides a full encryption envelope around the data until it is delivered to alice? I recognize this exacerbates instead of alleviates the key server security issues. > People who have known public keys then inspect and sign the code. It is > assumed these people have distributed their public keys far and wide, signed > by lots of people, etc. As long as you can assume the "PGP web of trust", > the distributed software signing thing works. Ah, ok. So we again are assuming everyone is using the same particular piece of technology. In this model, would it not add security to the mechanism to have the eternity server deliver the encryption software (ie PGP)? How does this model handle the physical contact that is required in the PGP web of trust? In particular how does it verify that the actual physical contact occured? Can you address the key distribution mechanism and how it addresses the issue of a mallet producing their own key server with their own keys signed sureptitiously by their own multiplicity of 'nyms? Do you see a group of 'Johny Appleseeds' roaming the country in person dropping little dolops of signed keys off? Or, do you believe some sort of key verification service will need to be generated that compares keys for individual 'nyms on the various servers and publishes a list of keys that don't match (something that would to my thinking be prime data for a data haven server). Doesn't such a 'trusted' service have the same sort of 'user end' threats as the eternity servers themselves? Assume for a moment that mallet wants to monitor a particular alice. Alice makes her request which goes through mallets tap. Outbound traffic is uneffected so that the actual keys sent to the server are good. However, no the return stroke mallet intercept the traffic, provides their own bogus keys and signed document. How do you see alice finding a way to recognize this? The threat with this model is that alice might be turned and therefore condemn any co-participants in whatever activity alice is supposed to be involved in (eg ingesting lettuce or leading a freedom cell in Burma)? > I agree that the current state of PGP use is probably not enough for > the "PGP web of trust" -- I've *never* used a key and found it signed by > anyone I know. However, I think even the current system puts a pretty high > barrier to fraud, and if there started to be fraud, people would start > signing each other's keys. I agree with all the points but the last. When the cost becomes too high (ie inconvenient) they simply won't use it. I just can't seem to grasp why people would spend even more money (which would provide a flag via monitoring of funds) to physicaly meet a group of others who they probably don't know and therefore probably shouldn't trust at such a fundamental level. > A keyserver serving keys like "rdl's eternity-dds release signing key" might > be subject to traffic analysis, true. However, as you suggest, you could > put the keyserver inside Eternity. Then, the problem just gets shifted -- now > you need (a) pgp signing key(s) which has/have signed all of those keys. I believe it is a fundamental mistake to have the key server inside the eternity server, just as I object to anonymous remailers that provide such service. The key servers should be on different machines to provide physical independance & legal indipendance - these are long lived keys after all and there is no reason architecturaly to put the keys at threat if the data haven is at threat, and finaly technological indipendance - it should not require a upgrade of the eternity software (and visa versa) to upgrade the key server software. Another issue that was raised previously, neither I nor anyone else addressed it at the time, is this acceptance of latency of distribution. Since we are talking about providing potentialy damaging documents (to who is intentionaly left vague) doesn't this latency provide opportunities for attack? Unlike a remailer network where it defeats traffic analysis in the data haven model it seems like a perfect means to get the processing window to actualy mount a trace. Anyway, since I am still about 3-6 months from actualy implimenting any of my own Plan 9 based (network level anonymity) model this is all conjecture. Hope it provides at least a seed for something useful. Ta ta. ____________________________________________________________________ | | | The most powerful passion in life is not love or hate, | | but the desire to edit somebody elses words. | | | | Sign in Ed Barsis' office | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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FW: IRS/Co$ Secret Agreement web page (fwd)
by Ray Arachelian 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----Original Message----- Subject: IRS/Co$ Secret Agreement web page http://www.primenet.com/~cultxpt/irs-cos.htm The IRS gave the Church of Scientology a sweetheart deal on October 1 1993, granting it privileges that no other tax exempt organization gets. The above web page includes the Secret Agreement, IRS tax code portions at issue, US Supreme Court ruling that the Secret Agreement violates, and other important information. I update it almost daily.

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FBI to search school shooters computer [CNN]
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Forwarded message: > SUSPECTED HIGH SCHOOL GUNMAN TO MAKE COURT APPEARANCE > > FBI will search his computer for evidence of motive > > January 15, 1998 > Web posted at: 9:36 a.m. EST (1436 GMT) > > PADUCAH, Kentucky (CNN) -- The teen-age suspect in last month's > Kentucky school shooting was scheduled to make his first public > court appearance Thursday morning, as the FBI announced plans to > search the contents of his personal computer. > > Michael Carneal, 14, is accused of opening fire on an informal > prayer group in the lobby of Heath High School, where he was a > freshman. Three students were killed and five wounded in the > December 1 attack. > > Carneal was indicted as an adult on three counts of murder, five > counts of attempted murder, and one count of burglary. The > commonwealth's prosecutor has said he'll pursue the maximum penalty > of life in prison, which would mean Carneal, if convicted, would > have to serve 25 years before he could be considered for parole. > > In a search for a possible motive into the deadly shootings, the FBI > has agreed to search the contents of Carneal's personal computer. > Lobby Heath High School lobby where the shooting occurred ____________________________________________________________________ | | | The most powerful passion in life is not love or hate, | | but the desire to edit somebody elses words. | | | | Sign in Ed Barsis' office | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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re: Microsoft Metaphors
by Thomas Porter 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

On Thu, Jan 15, 1998 at 10:09:09AM -0500, Declan McCullagh thoughtfully expounded: > What are the best metaphors to use when talking about a browser and an > operating system? Is the combination like a car and an engine, or a car and > a roofrack? A pair of gloves? > > Or is it even useful to talk about a browser/OS metaphor in the case of > Microsoft, since IE has been glued into the operating system in the form of > .DLLs? Might that be more like the wheels of a car? I might look at it like air conditioning in a car: If present, it requires significant alterations to the basic vehicle, and might be difficult to remove cleanly, _but_ air conditioning in no way affects the basic operation of the car, and cars can be bought without air conditioning. Hmmmmm, actually A/C does affect the car's operation: uses more gas and degrades performance! A better metaphor than I thought. -- Tom Porter txporter(a)mindspring.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------ "I do believe that where there is a choice only between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence." Mahatma Gandhi

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Music Boulevard Storewide Sale
by http://www.musicblvd.com/ 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Dear Music Boulevard Customer, Happy New Year from Music Boulevard! Ring in 1998 on the right note, with new music! Through January 26th we've lowered prices on every CD, cassette, video and T-shirt in our catalog of over 200,000 items -- our entire store is on sale! Search for your most-wanted recordings or refer to our comprehensive Buyer's Guide (created by Music Boulevard's staff of music experts) to find essential albums in every musical genre and style, from Surf and Garage Rock to New Orleans Jazz to Reggae to 20th Century Classical music. Follow the link below to go to our Buyer's Guide... http://www.musicblvd.com/cgi-bin/tw/1462_0_/mb2/live/mrkt/specials.txt $1 U.S. SHIPPING! Extra, Extra! Due to enthusiastic customer response, we've extended our shipping sale! Through the end of January, the shipping charge for U.S. orders is just $1 for unlimited items. With our unbeatable prices and shipping rates, expanding your music collection in '98 is one New Year's resolution you just can't break! EARN FREE CDS! How many CDs did you buy in '97? Our Frequent Buyer's Club members earn store credit for a free CD after each tenth item purchased on Music Boulevard. If you haven't already joined the club, don't delay - starting earning points towards your first free CD today! THE VOTES ARE IN... And the winner is...Music Boulevard! We've been named the official online store for the 40TH ANNUAL GRAMMY AWARDS! For the best recordings and performances of 1997, look no further than our comprehensive "Guide to the Grammy Nominees", including nominees in over 90 categories, audio clips, cover art, and much more. All nominated albums -- from outstanding artists Paula Cole, Babyface, Hanson, and many other top artists -- will be sale-priced through the Grammy Awards Ceremony on February 25th. After the 25th, revisit the Guide for a complete list of the winners and special savings on the best of the best! Just follow the URL below... http://www.musicblvd.com/cgi-bin/tw/1462_0_/mb2/live/mrkt/grammyguide/genera l.txt NEW AND NOTEWORTHY Music Boulevard keeps you informed of the latest and greatest new music! The stellar soundtrack to 'Great Expectations' is highlighted by brand new songs from Tori Amos, Chris Cornell of Soundgarden, and Scott Weiland. Just released -- Ben Folds Five's 'Naked Baby Photos,' a collection of 17 of the quirky pop group's best rare, live, and unreleased songs. And at the top of the music charts, the soundtrack to the epic romance 'Titanic' features the music of legendary film soundtrack composer James Horner as well as the Celine Dion's beautiful performance of the love theme "My Heart Will Go On." GET THEM BEFORE THEY'RE HOT! Visit Music Boulevard today to pre-order tomorrow's biggest hits! On January 27th, keyboard virtuoso John Tesh unveils his latest full-length album of lush, soothing New Age compositions. Also on the 27th, the master of English Jungle techno, Goldie, returns with his long-awaited second album, the double-CD 'Saturnzreturn.' On February 3rd, Seattle supergroup Pearl Jam makes a comeback with their fifth and finest studio album yet, 'Yield,' featuring the hit single "Given To Fly." Advance order these much-awaited new albums today and have them delivered to your doorstep on release date! Thanks for shopping Music Boulevard! The Music Boulevard Staff TO UNSUBSCRIBE To unsubscribe from this mailing list, send an Email to: remove-musicblvd(a)sparklist.com and you will be automatically removed from this list.

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Re: Microsoft Metaphors (fwd)
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Hi Dan, Forwarded message: > Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 11:26:03 -0500 > From: Dan Ritter <dritter(a)bbnplanet.com> > Subject: Re: Microsoft Metaphors (fwd) > The computer is a building. A building once built doesn't change and it's a pain in the ass to change the rooms and such. A general purpose stored program computer is intentionaly designed to get around these limitations. Computers before the stored program paradigm most certainly fit the building model however. > The OS makes it a supermarket. The OS provides a multiplicity of resources for me to use (purchase) at my leisure? I don't think so, unless you want to model the user as the company that loads the shelves. In a computer, unlike a store, each time I want to use a jar of tomato paste (program) to build lasagna (job) I don't have to go out and buy a new jar of tomato paste. > The browser is the map of the store showing what foods are in what aisles. That one I'll buy (figuratively). ____________________________________________________________________ | | | The most powerful passion in life is not love or hate, | | but the desire to edit somebody elses words. | | | | Sign in Ed Barsis' office | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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Re: (eternity) God's Own Backup Medium
by Ryan Lackey 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Dan Fabulich: > I must be insane, because this seems simple to me. Don't listen. It's simple conceptually, just some of the technical details are multi-axis tradeoffs which need to be made explicit. > > Presume that the goal is a secure anonymous storage/retrieval system, paid > for with e$. Armed with a persistent naming system for each document, we > set up e$ protocols to pay for storage of a (possibly encrypted) document > OR to pay for retrieval of a particular named document. I broadcast that I > want up to ten people to store my XMB document and that I'm prepared to pay > $Y/mo. to each participant. My document is then secure for as long as I'm > prepared to pay for it. It is anonymous to the extent that information can > be transferred anonymously between me and the other willing participants; > it is therefore a remailer problem, not an Eternity problem. It's an Eternity problem if you want your eternity system to have better performance than the remailers have. What you really need is a multi-level security infrastructure, where someone (the owner of the data, the individual intermediate server operators, etc.) can choose the level of security they will provide to meet certain Quality of Service levels. Yes, for a lot of the data you're handling, remailers are a good model. However, steganographically-protected streams hidden inside other streams work better for certain things. Perhaps quantum channels work better for other things. Perhaps hand-carried optical tapes are best for others. The system should have a way of handling these formats in a suitably abstract way. > Alternately, if a document is in high demand, someone might offer money to > anyone who can provide a particular document given by name. Any willing > sellers could then exchange information/e$ via e-mail. (One might even > imagine data-traders who would seek out valuable information at a bargain > and sell them to others at market value.) Again, the mechanism is only > anonymous to the extent that e-mail is secure. Which helps both security and performance. A very good mechanism. > > Note that the system is profitable to all of its participants no matter > WHAT the broadcast mechanism is. The more automation, the more profitable. > The more participants, the more profitable. The more information online, > the more profitable. Yes. That's why I'm including market-based techniques in Eternity DDS -- I think market-based arguments are as powerful as statistical ones -- perhaps not as powerful as mathematical/cryptographic proof, but close. > The missing link here, of course, is anonymous e$. Despite the success of > the remailers, I've never been convinced that they're not vulnerable to > traffic analysis. (Possibly this is why no one has ever bothered to shut > them down?) > And even if we COULD set up automated daemons to monitor the broadcasts and > negotiate trades, there's still no good way to distribute money over the net. I know with high confidence there will be a deployed quality anonymous e$ system in 1998. > > At any rate, keeping the system independent of its broadcast medium (which > can be done pretty easily by just making sure that the program communicates > in [encrypted] plaintext,) should make the system autocatalytic... At that > point, just let it run, get as many people running it as possible and let > the market take over. Yes. Both Eternity-USENET and Eternity DDS are only secure once they grow to a certain size. Market pressure is (I think) the best way of getting a system to scale to that size. (Eternity-USENET is vulnerable to technical Denial of Service attacks with the current small number of indexing servers, even if it is protected from legal issues. I think illegal or extralegal attacks are as dangerous as the legal ones) -- Ryan Lackey rdl(a)mit.edu http://mit.edu/rdl/

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