December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

Guns: H&K, G3, 7.62 v 5.56 [Guns]
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Hi, I finaly got around to doing some research on Tim's claim regarding H&K's G3 being a 5.56 round while the various folks I have been talking to refer to it as a 7.62. Tim's claim that the 7.62 (.308) is actualy the HK-91/G1 and not the G3 is correct. The confusion comes from the fact that a few years ago the German Bundswehr quit using the HK and began using the FN/G3 which is 7.62. I had assumed the G3 it was refering to was the H&K and when I talked to the local gun nut he thought I was talking about the current model because I had made a comment a while back about it being used by the Germans as their standard infantry model and being .308. So, H&K 91/G1 is 7.62 (.308) (old standard issue) H&K 93/G3 is 5.56 (.223) FN/G3 is 7.62 (.308) (current standard issue) My suggested rifle *is* the H&K 91/G1 which is .308 and the local gun shop says used they run in the $1500 to $3000 range. New ones aren't imported. ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make | | violent revolution inevitable. | | | | John F. Kennedy | | | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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Wit Capital Update: Virtual Roadshow Service Launched
by news＠witcapital.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Wit Capital Update December 29, 1997 www.witcapital.com Member NASD/SIPC Wit Capital has launched an exciting new service that will help you learn more about the public offerings on our web site. For selected Wit Capital offerings, in connection with your review of the prospectus, you'll find "virtual roadshow" presentations available for viewing right on your PC. A roadshow is the process by which underwriters acquaint investors with the products, people and finances of the company whose stock is to be publicly offered. Traditionally, only institutional investors are invited to see these presentations, but now you can view them at the click of your mouse. To view a virtual roadshow, go to the Look at New Issues section of our web site, find the prospectus that interests you and as part of your review of the prospectus, click the button marked View Roadshow. You'll be asked to download a plug-in called RealPlayer 5.0, for which you'll see easy instructions. We encourage you to read the complete prospectus for any Wit Capital offering.

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Re: constitution.amendmentxi.html (fwd)
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Forwarded message: > From: "William H. Geiger III" <whgiii(a)invweb.net> > Date: Mon, 29 Dec 97 09:17:55 -0600 > Subject: Re: constitution.amendmentxi.html (fwd) > Well you can only sue the state that has caused some form of direct damage > against you. Really? Where is that in the Constitution? I can't sue a state or the federal government on an issue of process or procedure unless I *personaly* have been effected? Malarky. The simple fact that I am a citizen that *could* be effected is sufficient grounds to file. Especialy considering the detailing of authority in the 10th. If this were so I would not be able to file against a law regulating, for example, a religion unless I happen to be a participant of that religion. This is clearly not constitutional since any law threating a single religion by extension can and does threaten all religious freedom in the country. > If both Texas and Alaska are doing somthing Unconstitutional > but Texas is the only one who has directly caused damage then you should > only be able to sue Texas. Why? If both states are participating in an illegal action - such as complying with unconstitutional federal regulations - then even a single state in which I *don't* reside nor have *ever* been in is a clear threat to my constitutional rights. Remember the feds are *required* to guarantee a constitutional government in *all* states and that all priviliges and immunitites be recognized by those states - irrespective of my current geographic location. Now if we accept the argument that the 14th extends my federal rights to the states then the wrongful action and its application is even more clearly relevant. However, the 14th is not necessary for this to be the case. (thankfuly, since one of my claims is that rights are not equivalent to priviliges or immunities) It is the precedence and not the personal application that is unconstitutional. > I think that in the majority of > cases one will find that a greviance will be limited to a single state (I > think it would be very rare to find a case where all 50 states had > directly caused damage against an individule). - Illegal taxation and the compliance of the states in turning over money illegaly - regulation and prohibition of firearms and the states complicancy in breaking the 2nd. - the provisioning and support of military operations relating to the Army and Air Force (which is unconstitutional unless part of the Army or Navy) for more than 2 year terms. - the failure of the US govt. to train and arm the militia in the several states - the various federal regulations limiting consensual crimes contrary to the letter and spirit of the 9th and 10th. - the abrogation of the states duties as equals to the federal govt. and their duties as a part of the checks and balances of the Constitution. And as a matter of course most other issues resting on Constitutional jurisdiction involving the willing compliance of state government. > An example of this would be back in the 50's with the forced segregation > laws. If you were living in Georga and wished to bring suit against the > state for violating your rights you would be limited to only suing Georga > even though AL,FL,SC,NC,TX,AR, all had the same laws on the books. Nobody that I can find has *ever* even tried to do this so how can it be undoable? It's a pity there wasn't some young turk back then to give it a shot - course there doesn't seem to be any young turks now willing to do it either...;( Now, if I can figure a way around the Supreme Courts 3 year requirement... ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make | | violent revolution inevitable. | | | | John F. Kennedy | | | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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Sniping & such...
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Hi, To address Tim's question about bolt-actions. As far as I know the Marine sniper still uses the Remington 7.62 bolt-action as his arm of choice. The beauty of the H&K blow-back mechanism is that it is very accurate at long range compared to other gas operated mechanism. However, in the situation we are discussion - taking on an assault team with snipers, aka anti-sniping, this level of accuracy is irrelevant. The goal is to stop the assault. To this end single shot accuracy is irrelevant. The reason is that we are not trying to hit a 16 in.^2 piece of brain pan and *not* hit the hostage in front. What we *are* trying to do is locate and eliminate specific targets and any ancillary hits to personnel on that end are a *good* thing. To that end I still like the H&K's because they have the 3-shot selector. My goal would be to set my IIS to show hot targets as black, with the black threshold about 90F. I would then pop off a 3-shot group into anything that looked the least bit like a person. Think of it as a .308 mini-shotgun at 600 yds. Under those conditions a 6-12 in. spread *is* a good thing. With this in mind, you would want to wear nomex to reduce your heat signature, a gillie suit for reduced visual targeting, and some sort of cool suit (from your local auto performance shop) with a modified and remote dissipator to reduce your heat signature so that *their* scopes don't show you as black. If you're in your house a good place to put the dissipator would be in the bathtub or sink. You might also want to cool-suit the gun as well. If you're in the field the dissipator should go behind and below your level of site, it's probably a good thing to cover it with dirt or debris as well. ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make | | violent revolution inevitable. | | | | John F. Kennedy | | | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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Re: Why I Support Microsoft
by Brian B. Riley 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

On 12/29/97 6:47 AM, Patrick May (pjm(a)spe.com) passed this wisdom: > Okay, so I'm a UNIX-head; I forgot about the Macs (a dangerous >thing to do, given the ferocity of their supporters). If the >government were to adopt my suggestion, two major results would be: > > - The third party market for Linux software would grow rapidly > and enormously. > - The government's software budget would be reduced dramatically. that's OK, we Mac-heads have MacLinkPlus translators, we just get em to write another half dozen or so translators for Linux and Linux file system recognitions to the OS, no big deal ... we have always prided ourselves that MacOS often reads and processes Windoze documents better than WinDoze does ... Brian B. Riley --> http://members.macconnect.com/~brianbr For PGP Keys <mailto:brianbr@together.net?subject=Get%20PGP%20Key> "In effect, to follow, not to force the public inclination; to give a direction, a form, a technical dress, and a specific sanction, to the general sense of the community, is the true end of legislature." -- Edmund Burke

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Re: constitution.amendmentxi.html (fwd)
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Forwarded message: > From: "William H. Geiger III" <whgiii(a)invweb.net> > Date: Mon, 29 Dec 97 10:32:02 -0600 > Subject: Re: constitution.amendmentxi.html (fwd) > No this flys in the face of 200 yrs of American laws and centuries more of > English law. If your rights have not been infringed then you can't sue. The founding fathers took care of this argument also... THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES ARTICLE VI. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make | | violent revolution inevitable. | | | | John F. Kennedy | | | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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Re: constitution.amendmentxi.html (fwd)
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Forwarded message: > From: "William H. Geiger III" <whgiii(a)invweb.net> > Date: Mon, 29 Dec 97 11:22:11 -0600 > Subject: Re: constitution.amendmentxi.html (fwd) > I fail to see how this gives you the right to bring suit when you were not > the infringed party?? That's your problem Bill, you don't 'see'. I am a citizen of the United States, all laws passed at the federal level and *any* parties which participate in the application of those laws whether against me or another are in fact threatening my liberty if those laws are unconstitutional. You fuck over one citizen, you fuck over all citizens. *THAT* is what makes me the infringed party. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION ARTICLE IX. The enumeration of the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- If ye love wealth greater than liberty, the tranquility of servitude greater than the animating contest for freedom, go home from us in peace. We seek not your counsel, nor your arms. Crouch down and lick the hand that feeds you. May your chains set lightly upon you; and may posterity forget that ye were our countrymen. Samuel Adams ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make | | violent revolution inevitable. | | | | John F. Kennedy | | | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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Re: constitution.amendmentxi.html (fwd)
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Forwarded message: > From: "William H. Geiger III" <whgiii(a)invweb.net> > Date: Mon, 29 Dec 97 11:36:51 -0600 > Subject: Re: constitution.amendmentxi.html (fwd) > By your logic the individule States have no sovernty and the citizens of > one state can impose thier will against the citizens of another. This > clearly goes against both the spirit and the letter of the Constitution. Not exactly. States have the sovereignty *given* them by the Constitution and their individual state constitutions. Further, one state can *not* under the Constitution deny me a right in that state that I have in another. Perhaps an example. The 2nd gives me the right to bear arms. Texas' constitution gives the Texas legislature the right to regulate the ownership and carrying of arms by Texas *citizens*. Those same laws could *not* be used to deny a citizen of Louisiana from carrying their weapon if *their* constitution does not regulate such activities. It isn't *my* logic Bill, it's the Constitutions law: ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. It goes like this: - A question of jurisdiction is noted. - The Constitution is examined to see if it is assigned to the federal government. - If it isn't then we look to see if the Constitution denies that power to the states. If not then the individual states may impliment it as *their* constitutions allow, provided it does not break any of the Constitutions dicta about equal protection and recognition. - If the state constitution doesn't cover it *or* it is denied to the states by the Constitution then we each get to decide it on our own by our own means. ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make | | violent revolution inevitable. | | | | John F. Kennedy | | | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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Abandonment of legal precedence...
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

When in the Course of human Events, it becomes necessary for one People to dissolve the Political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the Earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the Separation. We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness--That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such Principles and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient Causes; and accordingly all Experience hath shewn, that Mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the Forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of Abuses and Ursurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a Design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their Right, it is their Duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future Security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The *entire* point of the forming of the United States over 200 years ago was the specific intent to break with precedence, in particular *English* precedence, and find a new way. [personaly, every time I hear somebody mention English commen law as a justification to deny the Constitution I want to slap the holy shit out of them] In short (paraphrased), I took the road less travelled, and it made all the difference. -don't remember- ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make | | violent revolution inevitable. | | | | John F. Kennedy | | | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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States in the Constitution
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

The Constitution: To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the authority of training and Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; Section 10. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; Coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay. Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. Section 2. The President shall be the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. Section 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; -- to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; -- to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; -- to Controversies between two or more States; -- between a State and Citizens of another State; -- between Citizens of different States; -- between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States; -- and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. In all Cases, affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. Section 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. Section 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from with he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. {No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.} [See Amendment XIII.] Section 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States, and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence. The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions of the three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which shall be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of it's equal Suffrage in the Senate. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. The Amendments: ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have Assistance of Counsel for his defence. ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ARTICLE XI. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State. [8 January 1798.] ARTICLE XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. [18 December 1865.] ARTICLE XIV. Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in a rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume to pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. [28 July 1868.] ARTICLE XV. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude ---- Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ---- [30 March 1870.] ARTICLE XVI. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. [25 February 1913.] ARTICLE XVII. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: *Provided*, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. This amendment shall not be construed as to affect the election or term of any senator chosen before it becomes a valid part of the Constitution. [31 May 1913.] ARTICLE XIX. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. The Congress shall have power by appropriate legislation to enforce the provisions of this article. [26 August 1920.] ARTICLE XXI. Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. Section 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited. Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by convention in the everal States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission thereof to the States by the Congress. [5 December 1933.] ARTICLE XXVI. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. [circa 1970/1971.] ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make | | violent revolution inevitable. | | | | John F. Kennedy | | | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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