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Re: Congratulations!
by Anonymous 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

In a message dated 02:06 01/11/98 -0800, WebSoft Associates, wrote: > We at WebSoft Associates (http://www.websoftassoc.com) would like to > congratulate you on your recent selection by Inc. Magazine as > one of the 500 fastest growing private companies in the United States. Wow! The cypherpunks are a fucking business? Am I a stock holder? Ha-fucking-ha! Is this line supposed to convince us that this was a targeted e-mail and *not* spam! <LOL> Normally I just trash this stuff, but I really got a kick out of that. I hope we can get to top 100 by the fall '98 <bg>

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Re: A further thought on free markets & anarchy... (fwd)
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Forwarded message: > Date: Sun, 11 Jan 1998 11:40:33 -0800 > From: Bill Stewart <bill.stewart(a)pobox.com> > Subject: Re: A further thought on free markets & anarchy... > If you begin by assuming that a free market will automagically acquire > someone with monopoly control who can prevent all competitors from acting, > you've got a rather different view of free markets than I do, First, it isn't magic. It is the realization that any market is limited by several factors (eg number of customers, limited raw resources, startup costs) and that even a small superiority in one businesses ability to produce their service or product over time will provide them with an increased share of those limited resources and the share in profits that acrue as a result. As their share, and hence their control over, those resources increases the competitors are faced with the prospect of having to go to the competitor to get what they need in order to compete. It is *not* a part of any free market theory that I am aware of that pre-supposes that a given business entity will, for whatever reason, of its own free will guarantee the continued existance of competition. If anything the long term goal of any business is to reduce competition. If we accept the commen view of free markets and the one you seem to be saying is the reality, we shouldn't worry about Microsoft. One morning they'll all wake and realize that if they don't keep HP, Sun, IBM, Apple in business they won't have competition. As a consequence of that realization they will in fact provide contracts or other forms of renumeration to their competitors to keep them in business and hence able to take potential sales away from Microsoft. What I am saying is given the environment and goals of operating a for-profit firm the supposition that a free market will somehow prevent monopolization is incorrect. I am saying that a free market economy when operating without outside 3rd party guidance or some form of economic bill of rights will by its very nature monopolize and reduce competition due to nothing more than minute superiorities of individual business models and the efficiency those businesses acrue over time as a result. > and you're basically assuming that anarchy is unmaintainable in economies, > from which the obvious conclusion is "so don't even try." But the free market model as currently understood is an anarchy, at least at the beginning. The reason that it falls into this category is that there is no governing body or bill of rights. Each business is left to its own ends and the consequences thereof. There are no externaly enforced limitations on business practices in this model. Further, regulation of unfair (whatever that means in a free market - personaly I thinks its a spin doctorism equivalent to saying you can have an anarchy without inherent use of violence) practices is completely abandoned other than the assumption that eventualy competitors and consumers will learn of those practicies and quite dealing with that business. The problem with that assumption is that by the time such practices become known there may be no competitors and the consumers only option might be to simply have to do without the item completely. In the case of a life sustaining resource this is no option at all. > There are people who believe the same about political anarchy. The point I am making is that the arguments that support political models of social activity are not mappable to the economic ones in a simple one-to-one method as the free market model (and many others) assume in a axiomatic manner. That in fact, because of the inherent limitations of a market which is not one-to-one mappable to the range of human expression (the field of social systems) which has no inherent limitations in resources or means such comparisons are flawed by this axiomatic assumption. > However, I don't see you presenting any reasoning for the belief > that a free market will become non-free and acquire a head. The history of economics is filled with examples of markets without regulation becoming monopolized. There was the example yesterday or the day before regarding some rail baron and how they cornered the oil market because they realized the efficiency advantage of using rail based oil carriers. Look at Microsoft, the airlines prior to federal regulation. The the long-haul trucking industry, the teamsters, etc., etc. > Rather the opposite appears to have been the case in most environments > where the economic actors don't have political actors supporting > their bids for monopoly. Microsoft certainly didn't have political supperiorty? And how can you in good faith sneak in this concept of 'political superiority' into a discussion of free markets which a priori and in an axiomatic manner require that such regulation and their inherent regulatory bodies do *not* exist and most certainly do not inhibit or otherwise limit the options available to a commerical enterprise in that market. Smacks of changing the rules in the middle of the game. ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make | | violent revolution inevitable. | | | | John F. Kennedy | | | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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unit1.html
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Unit 1: The Scope and Method of Economics [INLINE] UNDER CONSTRUCTION Read "Case and Fair": Chapter 1 - pages 1-20. _________________________________________________________________ A. Definition of Economics Economics is the study of how individuals and societies choose to use the scarce resources that nature and previous generations have provided. The key word in this definition is "choose". Economics is a behavioral science. In large measure it is the study of how people make choices. _________________________________________________________________ B. Why study economics? 1. To learn a way of thinking: This summer we are going to learn to think like economists - to use tools that will help us analyze complex situations in the real world of economics. 2. To understand society: Past and present economic decisions have an influence on the character of life in a society. 3. To understand global affairs: Understanding international relations begins with knowledge of the economic links among countries. 4. To be an informed voter: When you participate in the political process, you are voting on issues that require a basic understanding of economics. _________________________________________________________________ C. The difference between micro and macro economics Microeconomics deals with the functioning of individual industries and the behavior of individual economic decision-making units - business firms and households. It explores the decisions that individual businesses and consumers make - firms' choices about what to produce and how much to charge, and households' choices about what and how much to buy. Macro economics looks at the economy as a whole. Instead of trying to understand what determines the output of a single firm or industry, or the consumption patterns of a single household or group of house holds, it examines the factors that determine national output and income. While micro economics focuses on individual product prices, macro economics looks at the overall price level and its behavior over time. Micro economics questions how many people will be hired or laid off in a particular industry and the factors that determine how much labor a firm or industry will hire. Macro economics deals with aggregate employment and unemployment: how many jobs exist in the economy as a whole, and how many people are willing to work but unable to find jobs.. We are going to be using this word "aggregate" a lot. It refers to the behavior of firms and households taken together. For example, aggregate consumption refers to the consumption of all the households in the economy; aggregate investment refers to the total investment made by all firms in the economy. There are some topics which micro and macro economics share. For example, the study of how government policy affects the economy. However, again micro economics looks at these effects on the level of the individual firm or household, macro economics considers the effects of policy on the economy as a whole.. The micro economic foundations of macro economics. There is also another important relationship between the two branches of economics and this is what is called the micro economic foundations of macro economics. This is a fairly new development and one which is trying to reconcile the assumptions and principles of micro economic analysis with efforts to understand the economy as a whole. For example, in efforts to understand inflation, macro economists are now trying to include micro economic ideas about the way that prices adjust to changes in supply and demand.. _________________________________________________________________ D. The relationship between economics and social philosophy. One of the first economists was an Englishman by the name of Adam Smith. (Some would say he was the first economist.) Born in the early part of the 18th century, Smith developed the idea of the "invisible hand" and was the first to describe the relationship between supply and demand in a free market economy. He described himself as a "social philosopher". Social philosophy is concerned with fairness. It deals with questions such as: Why are some people rich and others poor? Is it fair that 90% of the country's wealth is controlled by 5% of the population? Is the progressive income tax, which taxes a higher proportion of the income of the wealthy, fair? These questions are still relevant and are the subject of economic policy. _________________________________________________________________ E. Economic Policy A policy is a plan that guides action. An example of an economic policy would be the Federal government's plan to keep the economy working at full employment. Anyone can recommend macro economic policies but it is up to governments to implement them. In general we judge the outcomes of any policy according to four criteria: 1. Efficiency: In economics we say that a policy is efficient if it leads to outcomes that help the economy produce what people want at the least possible cost. 2. Equity or fairness: This is obviously hard to define because fairness like beauty depends on who's looking, but in general terms we could say that an economic policy is fair if it leads to outcomes in which the costs and benefits are shared in a way that is proportional to a person's participation. 3. Growth: At the present time economic policies are also judged according to whether or not they lead to increases in output. I say "at present" because some economists are beginning to question the assumption that economic growth is always a good thing. 4. Stability: In economics stability is defined as the condition of the economy in which output is growing at a steady rate, with low inflation and full employment. Currently, the Federal Reserve is defining stability as a growth rate of about 3%, with inflation between 2% and 3% and unemployment between 5% and 6%. _________________________________________________________________ F. What economists do. In addition to making policy recommendations, economists spend a lot of time formulating theories and developing models. These two words have more or less the same meaning in economics that they do in other academic disciplines. A theory is a coherent set of hypotheses which make statements about the way the world works. To illustrate this idea of theory, the text refers to what is known as "the law of demand". This so-called law is really just a well-tested hypothesis which states that when prices fall, people tend to buy more, and vice versa. A theory is said to be "good" if its hypotheses turn out to valid statements about the real world and if it has predictive power. I should say at this point that very few economic theories, particularly in macro economics, have predictive power. A model is just a formal statement of the theory, usually a mathematical statement. Several institutions have built huge models of the US economy and how it works that have hundreds of equations linked together. These big models usually run on computers. When we visit the Federal Reserve in San Francisco we will see one of these models in action. We will also be working with a number of smaller models and a large number of pictures of models. The text points out two common errors that are made when people develop theories or build models. These are: 1. The post hoc fallacy: This mistake is made when someone mistakes an association between two variables for a cause and effect relationship. My favorite example of this is taken from a study done in Holland at the end of WWII which showed a positive relationship between the number of storks inhabiting a certain city and the number of babies born. 2. The fallacy of composition: This has to do with the belief that what is true for the part is also true for the whole. There are many examples of this kind of thinking in economics. For example, we have seen over a very long period of time the benefits of free markets - the efficiencies in individual markets that are created whenever people are free to pursue their own self-interest. However, it might be a mistake to assume that pursuit of one's own self interest was the best thing for society as a whole. You cannot prove a theory. It is important to note that neither theories nor models can ever be proved beyond the shadow of a doubt. The best we can say of a theory is that it is consistent with the facts as currently observed and that it is seems to have predictive power. Another fact about theories is that they are always based on certain assumptions which have to be accepted for the theory to work. For example, in economic theory two of the most important assumptions are (1) that people make rational choices based on analyzing costs and benefits and (2) that people try to maximize utility. Another important assumption that is rarely discussed is that the world of economics can be understood by understanding the behavior of discrete variables. All of these assumptions are now under attack. _________________________________________________________________ G. Other Important Concepts Introduced in Chapter 1 1. Opportunity Cost: This can be understood as the cost of lost opportunities. An example would be the opportunity cost of coming to Skyline this summer. This cost is measured by the wages I could have been earning if I had decided to work instead. The reason that opportunity costs exist is because resources are scarce; it is an especially important concept in economics where we are often trying to measure the costs and benefits of different economic choices, policies, etc. 2. Marginal: This refers to the "last unit" and is also an important factor in making economic choices. For example, suppose the publisher of our textbook is trying to calculate the costs of producing more books. In making this calculation, Prentice Hall would only consider the marginal or additional costs of just these new books. The money they have already spent would be irrelevant. These are the sunk costs and even though they would be included in a calculation of average costs, they wouldn't influence the decision to produce additional books. 3. Markets - free and regulated, efficient and inefficient: Markets can be free or regulated, efficient or inefficient. Most markets in the real economy represent some combination of these qualities. A market is said to be free if buyers and sellers are free to come together and make deals without government interference. A regulated market is one where the government sets at least some of the rules. For example, the stock market is relatively free - people can buy and sell shares of stock without much interference from the government. However, the Securities and Exchange Commission establishes many rules in this market, particularly for companies who wish to sell their stock. An efficient market is one in which there is a very rapid circulation of information and in which profit opportunities are grabbed up almost as soon as they appear. Inefficiencies arise wherever the flow of information is restricted and where people are not free to take advantage of profit opportunities. 4. Ceteris Paribus: This is a Latin phrase which mean "all else equal" and refers to the difficulty of analyzing more than two variables at a time. It is trotted out by economists when they want to emphasize the fact that they are looking at a single relationship, holding everything else constant. For example, "The amount of a good or service that people want is inversely related to the price, ceteris paribus." The things that are held constant in this example are the tastes and preferences of consumers, the availability of substitutes etc. [LINK] Return to Econ 100 Home page [LINK] Problem Set for Unit 1

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Re: Spam
by Secret Squirrel 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Matthew L Bennett <lord_buttmonkey(a)juno.com> wrote: >>I'm hoping you guys would know where I could find out >>more about this individual -- I'm hoping that he does >>in fact buy his service from someone else, and if so, >>I'm not sure how to find that out. If he doesn't, is >>there anything I can do? > ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ > >Yeah, there is. > >Delete the friggin e-mail like a sensible person. > >I get a lot of spam every day, but I just delete it and go on with my >life. Since even many of the major sites these days seem to be run by a bunch of idiots who don't care that they destroy the network so long as they make a buck. 1) Trash mail from throwaway account providers like Juno (which I notice you're using), Hotmail, AOL, Prodigy, MSN, and anybody who offers something like a "fifty hours free spamming" policy. 2) Trash mail from chronic problem sites like AGIS, Earthlink, Worldnet, and their ilk. 3) If you get a flame for a civilized spam complaint (zippo.com did this to me) trash the mail from the site on the grounds that they're idiots. 4) If you get an incredibly stupid set of responses like I got from IBM today kill mail from them on the grounds that they have no idea what they're doing. 5) If it comes in with an obviously forged address then trash it. This has the possibly beneficial side effect of killing mail from "legitimate" users who purposefully use invalid addresses. 6) If it uses a relay site in one domain but comes from another trash it. A good example would be spam mail which is relayed off of someplace.com.au but has a "From" header which points to someplace.edu.tw, and has some other received lines which point to a dialup at MCI. 7) If it overuses punctuation in the subject line such as "!!!!!" then trash it. 8) If it comes in with a bunch of bogus IP addresses in the header then trash it. 9) If it's in HTML then trash it. 10) If it has lines over 80 characters nuke it. 11) If it comes in more than twice nuke it.

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BlackNet
by Tim May 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Someone just asked me for an explanation of "BlackNet," as he hadn't heard of it before. There are several places to look: --a Web search on the term, along with "cypherpunks" or "cryptography" or my name so as to narrow down the search somewhat (apparently some persons of color decided to use BlackNet as their group's name, thus leading to some collisions_ --archives of the list, partially available at http://infinity.nus.sg/cypherpunks/ --my Cyphernomicon, available at http://www.oberlin.edu/~brchkind/cyphernomicon/ --another article, available at http://www.powergrid.com/1.01/cryptoanarchy.html --or, the item below, part of a chapter called "True Nyms and Crypto Anarchy," which may or may not appear in the forthcoming edition of Vernor Vinge's "True Names." This section discusses data havens, and the BlackNet experiment in 1993: DATA HAVENS AND INFORMATION MARKETS Another science fiction writer, Bruce Sterling, popularized "data havens" in his 1988 novel, "Islands in the Net." He focussed on _physical_ data havens, but cyberspace data havens are more interesting, and to likely to be more important. That they are distributed in many legal jurisdictions, and may not even be traceable to any particular jurisdiction, is crucial. A data haven is a place, physical or virtual, where information may be stored or accessed. The usual connotation is that the data are illegal in some jurisdictions, but not in the haven. Data havens and information markets are already springing up, using the methods described to make information retrievable anonymously and untraceably. Using networks of remailers and, of course, encryption, messages may be posted in public forums like the Usenet, and read by anyone in the world with access, sort of like a cyberspatial "Democracy Wall" where controversial messages may be posted. These "message pools" are the main way cyberspatial data havens are implemented. Offers may be in plaintext, so as to be readable to humans, with instructions on how to reply (and with a public key to be used). This allows fully-untraceable markets to develop. It is likely that services will soon arise which archive articles for fees, to ensure that a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is "persistent" over a period of many years. Ross Anderson's "Eternity Service" provides a means of distributing the publication of something so that even later attempts to withdraw all copies are thwarted...this has obvious value in fighting censorship, but will also have implications when other types of publication occur (for example, a pirated work would not be withdrawable from the system, leaving it permanently liberated) Examples of likely data haven markets are: credit data bases, doctor and lawyer data bases, and other heavily-regulated (or even unallowed) data bases. Information on explosives, drug cultivation and processing, methods for suicide, and other such contraband info. Data havens may also carry copyrighted material, sans payment to holders, and various national and trade secrets. As one example, the "Fair Credit Reporting Act" in the U.S. limits the length of time credit records may be kept (to 7 or 8 years) and places various restrictions on what may be collected or reported. What if Alice "remembers" that Bob, applying for credit from her, declared bankruptcy ten years earlier, and ran out on various debts? Should she be banned from taking this into account? What if she accesses a data base which is _not_ bound by the FCRA, perhaps one in a data haven accessible over the Net? Can Alice "sell" her remembrances to others? (Apparently not, unless she agrees to the various terms of the FCRA. So much for her First Amendment rights.) This is the kind of data haven application I expect will develop over the next several years. It could be in a jurisdiction which ignores such things as the FCRA, such as a Caribbean island nation, or it could be in cyberspace, using various cryptographic protocols, Web proxies, and remailers for access. Imagine the market for access to data bases on "bad doctors" and "rip-off lawyers." There are many interesting issues involved in such data bases: inaccurate information, responses by those charges, the basis for making judgements, etc. Some will make malicious, false charges. (This is ostensibly why such data bases are banned, or heavily regulated. Governments reserve the rights to make such data available. Of course, these are the same governments which falsify credit records for government agents, which give the professional guilds like the American Medical Association and the American Bar Association the power to stop competitors from entering their markets, so what else can be expected?) Information markets match potential buyers and sellers of information. One experimental "information market" is BlackNet, a system I devised in 1993 as an example of what could be done, as an exercise in guerilla ontology. It allowed fully-anonymous, two-way exchanges of information of all sorts. The basic idea was to use a "message pool," a publicly readable place for messages. By using chains of remailers, messages could be untraceably and anonymously deposited in such pools, and then read anonymously by others (because the message pool was broadcast widely, a la Usenet). By including public keys for later communications, two-way unreadable (to others) communication could be established, all within the message pool. Such an information market also acts as a distributed data haven. As Paul Leyland succinctly described the experiment: "Tim May showed how mutually anonymous secure information trading could be implemented with a public forum such as Usenet and with public key cryptography. Each information purchaser wishing to take part posts a sales pitch and a public key to Usenet. Information to be traded would then have a public key appended so that a reply can be posted and the whole encrypted in the public key of the other party. For anonymity, the keys should contain no information that links it to an identifiable person. May posted a 1024-bit PGP key supposedly belonging to "Blacknet". As May's purpose was only educational, he soon admitted authorship." An example of an item offered for sale early on, in plaintext, was proof that African diplomats were being blackmailed by the CIA in Washington and New York. A public key for later communications was included. This is just one example. There are reports that U.S. authorities have investigated this market because of its presence on networks at Defense Department research labs. Not much they can do about it, of course, and more such entities are expected. The implications for espionage are profound, and largely unstoppable. Anyone with a home computer and access to the Net or Web, in various forms, can use these methods to communicate securely, anonymously or pseudonymously, and with little fear of detection. "Digital dead drops" can be used to post information obtained, far more securely than the old physical dead drops...no more messages left in Coke cans at the bases of trees on remote roads. Payments can also be made untraceably; this of course opens up the possibility that anyone in any government agency may act as a part-time spy. Matching buyers and sellers of organs is another example of such a market, although one that clearly involves some real-world transfers (and so it cannot be as untraceable as purely cyberspatial transactions can be). A huge demand (life and death), but there are various laws tightly controlling such markets, thus forcing them into Third World nations. Fortunately, strong cryptography allows market needs to be met without interference by governments. (Those who are repelled by such markets are of course free not to patronize them.) Whistleblowing is another growing use of anonymous remailers, with those fearing retaliation using remailers to publicly post their incriminating information. The Usenet newsgroups "alt.whistleblowing" and "alt.anonymous.messages" are places where anonymously remailed messages blowing the whistle have appeared. Of course, there's a fine line between whistleblowing, revenge, and espionage. Ditto for "leaks" from highly-placed sources. "Digital Deep Throats" will multiply, and anyone in Washington, or Paris, or wherever, can make his case safely and anonymously by digitally leaking material to the press. Gibson foresaw a similar situation in "Count Zero," where employees of high tech corporations agree to be ensconced in remote labs, disconnected from the Nets and other leakage paths. We may see a time when those with security clearances are explicitly forbidden from using the Net except through firewalled machines, with monitoring programs running. Information selling by employees may even take whimsical forms, such as the selling of topless images of women who flashed for the video cameras on "Splash Mountain" at Disneyland (now called "Flash Mountain" by some). Employees of the ride swiped copies of the digital images and uploaded them anonymously to various Web sites. Ditto for medical records of famous persons. DMV records have also been stolen by state employees with access, and sold to information broker, private investigators, and even curious fans (the DMV records of notoriously reclusive author Thomas Pynchon showed up on the Net). Rumors are that information brokers are prepared to pay handsomely for a CD-ROM containing the U.S. government's "key escrow" data base. The larger issue is that mere laws are not adequate to deal with these kinds of sales of personal information, corporate information, etc. The bottom line is this: if one wants something kept secret, it must be kept secret. In a free society, few personal secrets are compelled. Unfortunately, we have for too long been in a situation where governments insist that people give out their true names, their various government identification numbers, their medical situations, and so on. "And who shall guard the guardians?" The technology of privacy protection can change this balance of power. Cryptography provides for "personal empowerment," to use the current phrasing.

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Crypto Jokes
by John Young 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Inspired by "Crypto Kong," contributions of crypto jokes are requested, to enliven our Web site, which is pretty gray these days without congressional buffoonery. Thigh-slappers are preferred, but since one person's humor is another's pain, any bizarre tales of woe, stupidity and vanity are welcomed. Short as possible, like Adam's three swines of pearl. Sure, anonymous zingers are great. No pay, no apologies for missing the point.

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Just Released! 16 Million!
by Friend＠public.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

IT WAS JUST RELEASED!! INTRODUCING...MILLIONS VOL. 1 We took a total of over 92 million email addresses from many of the touted CD's that are out there (bought them all - some were $300+)! We added the millions we had in storage to those. When we combined them all, we had in excess of 100+ million addresses in one huge file. We then ran a super "sort/de-dupe" program against this huge list. It cut the file down to less than 25 million!!! Can you believe that? It seems that most people that are selling CD's are duping the public by putting numerous files of addresses in the CD over and over. This created many duplicate addresses. They also had many program "generated" email addresses like Compuserve, MCI, ANON's, etc. This causes a tremendous amount of undeliverables, and for those that use Stealth programs, clogs up servers quickly with trash, etc. We then ran a program that contained 150+ keywords to remove addresses with vulgarity, profanity, sex-related names, postmaster, webmaster, flamer, abuse, spam, etc., etc. Also eliminated all .edu, .mil, .org, .gov, etc. After that list was run against the remaining list, it reduced it down to near 16 million addresses! So, you see, our list will save people hundreds of dollars buying all others that are out there on CD and otherwise. Using ours will be like using the 100+ million that we started with, but a lot less money and alot less time!! We also purchased Cyber-Promos ($995.00) CD. We received it just prior to finishing production work on the new CD. We had our people take a random sample of 300,000 addresses from the touted 2.9 that they advertised. We used a program that allows us to take a random sample of addresses from any list. We were able to have the program take every 9th address, thus giving us a 300,000 list of Cyber's email addresses from top to bottom. We did not clean these, but we did create 3 seperate files named cyber1.txt, cyber2.txt, & cyber3.txt of 100,000 addresses each. This will give all people that use the list a opportunity to send mail to the list before deciding if their CD is all it's hyped to be. We also included a 2+ million "Remove/Flamer" file broke into seperate files for ease of extracting and adding to your own database of removes. "You can buy from the REST or you can buy from the BEST. Your choice. _____________________________ What others are saying: "I received the CD on Friday evening. Like a kid with a new toy, I immediately started bulking out using the new email addresses. Over the course of the weekend, I emailed out over 500,000 emails and I received less than TWENTY undeliverables!! I am totally satisfied with my purchase!! Thanks Premier!!" Dave Buckley Houston, TX "This list is worth it's weight in gold!! I sent out 100,000 emails for my product and received over 55 orders! Ann Colby New Orleans, LA **************************************** HERE'S THE BOTTOM LINE Here is what you get when you order today! >> 16 Million Email Addresses... 1 per line in simple text format on a CD. Files are in lots of 100,000 (no codes needed to open files). All files are separated by domain name for your convenience. PLUS you receive a tremendous REMOVE list! AND the a sampling of CyberPromo's HOT list. >>> NOW ONLY $149.00! This price is effective for the next seven days, thereafter the price will be $199.00 so ORDER NOW! All lists are completely free of any Duplicates. We also on a continual basis, add New Names and Remove Undeliverables and Remove Requests. The result is the Cleanest Email Addresses Available Anywhere to use over and over again, for a FRACTION of the cost that other companies charge. Typical rates for acquiring email lists are from 1 cent to as high as 3 cents per email address - that's "INFORMATION HIGHWAY" ROBBERY!. Don't even hesitate on this one or you will miss out on the most effective way to market anywhere..PERIOD! If you have any further questions or to place an order by phone, please do not hesitate to call us at: 908-245-1143 To order our email package, simply print out the EZ ORDER FORM below and fax or mail it to our office today. We accept Visa, Mastercard, AMEX, Checks by Fax and Mail. _________________ EZ Order Form _____Yes! I would like to order MILLIONS Vol. 1 email addresses for only $149.00. *Please select one of the following for shipping.. ____I would like to receive my package OVERNIGHT. I'm including $15 for shipping. (outside US add an additional $25 for shipping) ____I would like to receive my package 2 DAY delivery. I'm including $10 for shipping. (outside US add an additional $25 for shipping) DATE_____________________________________________________ NAME____________________________________________________ COMPANY NAME___________________________________________ ADDRESS_________________________________________________ CITY, STATE, ZIP___________________________________________ PHONE NUMBERS__________________________________________ FAX NUMBERS_____________________________________________ EMAIL ADDRESS___________________________________________ TYPE OF CREDIT CARD: ______VISA _____MASTERCARD CREDIT CARD# __________________________________________ EXPIRATION DATE________________________________________ NAME ON CARD___________________________________________ AMOUNT $____________________ (Required) SIGNATURE:x________________________ DATE:x__________________ You may fax your order to us at: 1-908-245-3119 CHECK BY FAX SERVICES! If you would like to fax a check, paste your check below and fax it to our office along with all forms to: 1-908-245-3119 ****************************************************** ***24 HOUR FAX SERVICES*** PLEASE PASTE YOUR CHECK HERE AND FAX IT TO US AT 1-908-245-3119 ******************************************************* If You fax a check, there is no need for you to send the original check. We will draft up a new check, with the exact information from your original check. All checks will be held for bank clearance. If you feel more comfortable sending payment through the mail, please send all forms and Check or Money Order to: Rapture Marketing Inc. P.O. Box 616 Kenilworth, NJ 07033

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confidential report
by 34er5dd＠ameritech.net 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is an ad. To be removed from *this* mailing list, please email to mhr(a)magaygy.maga.co.id Thank you and good luck in all you do. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Revealing the secrets which have been made others so fabulously wealthy. OFFSHORE SPECIAL REPORT #5599 * UNFAIR & DISCRIMINATORY Divorce Settlements are Obsolete in This Report! * RUTHLESS Creditors Will CRINGE If They Know You Have Read This Report! * Lawyers May GO BROKE By You Reading This Report! * HEARTLESS Tax Agencies See RED When They Read This Report! * SNEAKY Politicians Use The Information In This Report Everyday! * Your GREEDY Banker Does Not Want You To Read This Report! * This Report is BLACK BALLED By Most Government Agencies! * BACK STABBING Relatives HATE This Report! CHANCE FOR THE LITTLE GUY TO GET RICH! (And The Rich To Get Even Richer!) It's true! 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Other countries please send International Money Order (no personal checks please). *** Make Money Orders payable to Mahirudin Masri *** Mail to: Tromol Pos 105 Yogyakarta 55002 Indonesia First and last name: _____________________________________ Address: _____________________________________________ City: ____________________State:______ZIP/postal code: __________ Country: ___________________________ E-mail address: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________________ Code: tiga03 (do not remove this) ________________CUT HERE _________________ **) Austria, Brasil, Brunei D, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, Netherland, Philippine, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, U.S.A.

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Trust through anonymity; time vaults
by Kay Ping 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Trust and anonymity may seem to be in contradiction but I intend to show how anonymity can be used to achieve trust. At the base of any cryptographic system is a trust model and it can only be as strong as the assumptions made by the trust model. Of special interest to us are distributed trust models. This posting was sent through a chain of remailers. I do not need to trust any of them completely, just assume that the chances that all of them are colluding or have been compromised by an attacker are low. Other types of services requiring a server infrastructure can be implemented using distributed trust models. For example, I can submit a document to be timestamped by several servers. Someone checking the validity of the combined timestamps can have higher assurance that the timestamp has not been generated by collusion between the document owner and the timestamping service or by a compromised timestamper key. Another type of service which can use a distributed trust model is a digital time vault which will be described later. One of the problems with distributed trust is reliability. A service can be interrupted by any of the servers going down. The overall reliability goes down exponentially with the number of servers. This can be solved for some types of services by using a secret-splitting algorithm requiring a minimum of N out of M parts. A user can select values of N and M that satisfy both his reliability requirements and his paranoia. But some are more paranoid than that. It may take a very large number of unrelated servers around the world to earn their trust and an even larger number to get acceptable reliability. To those I propose the following idea: Some of the servers will be anonymous. If they don't know each other, they can't collude. If they are anonymous it will be hard for an attacker to know which machine to break into. One of the problem with this approach is that an opponent with sufficient resources can set up a large number of anonymous servers and hope that a user chooses a set of servers of which at least N are under his control. If the user chooses a combination of anonymous and well-known servers he gets good protection against this scenario. Even if all the anonymous servers are run by <pick your favorite three letter acronym agency> it is unlikely that they will collude with servers run by, let's say, well-known remailer operators in other countries. Anonymous server operators may try to collude but selfishness will stand in their way: even if N-1 servers revealed their parts of the secret, the last one can always refuse to cooperate and use the information, so none of them has an incentive to reveal his part in the first place. Simultaneous secret trading protocols will not help- they cannot guarantee that a valid secret is contained in the message. The only way to get selfish operators to cooperate is using zero-knowledge proofs of their secrets. Zero-knowledge proofs work only for specific types of secrets. It may be possible to use secrets for which zero-knowledge proofs do not work. The specific service I had in mind for this distributed trust model is a digital time vault. It allows a sender to encrypt a message which can only be decrypted after a certain date. This is done by having a server generate secret/public key pairs for future dates, publish all public keys at once and publish the private key for each date at that date. Only after that date the message can be decrypted. For reliability and security the message (or the session key) can be split and encrypted it to the public keys of "next Friday" published by several different servers. This service can be used to send a public message that can only be read after a certain date, without any action required by the sender at that date. This may be useful if the sender suspects that he may be under arrest, dead or otherwise uncapable of getting online at the target date. Another possible use for this service is to destroy information to protect yourself against threats or court orders and still be able to recover it at a later date. Even if you don't actually do it, the existence of the service gives you plausible deniability. Many types of secret information are only secret for a limited time - until an announcement is made or a deal is signed. Encrypting a message to a future date as well as the intended recipient allows storing the message in an unsecured archive for later reference. This service can be implemented using existing software like PGP without secret splitting algorithms: a conventional encryption passphrase is encrypted to several different chains of public keys of the same date on different servers, using combinations that create the same N out of M result. Since the time servers do not receive any information or participate in the process in any way they will not generate any significant load except during initial key generation. They can also be kept anonymous very easily and cannot be held accountable for anyone's use of the service. The servers will still attract attacks. Anonymous servers will get some protection against this since their location is not known. Public servers can protect themselves by encrypting future private keys to future date keys on other servers and keep encrypted backups off-site. This should be done carefully to ensure that future keys will not be lost because of loops or servers going down. Anyone wants to run such a service? You can run either an anonymous or public server. You should run a public server only if you think your reputation is good and you public key is trusted by many people. If you want to run an anonymous server generate a new key without email or any other identification except a pseudonym for the server. You must commit to maintaining the service for a minimum period and publish all the private keys for which you published the initial public keys, but never before their time. The trial period for this service will be three months and the interval will be one week, posted at midnight on the beginning of the week, GMT. Date keys must be signed by the server key. Date private keys must have an empty passphrase so they can be used by anyone after they are published. Until then they should be secured for storage. Date Key IDs consists of a date in YYYYMMDD format followed by the server name. The name may be followed by an optional email address of the maintainer. For the trial period keys should be published to alt.privacy.anon-server and the list. Lists of public keys and past private keys should be available through http, ftp or finger. If you run an anonymous server you may ask someone, preferably a maintainer of a public server, to get your lists and make them available. The trial will let us experiment with this trust model and see if anyone thinks of interesting ways to use the service. - ----------------- Kay Ping nop 'til you drop finger kping(a)nym.alias.net for key DF 6D 91 18 A6 59 41 96 - 89 01 69 B7 9D0 4 AE 53 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.6.3ia Charset: cp850 iQEPAwUBNLnGZRHPAso8Qp7tAQHnkwfQ9BpL82R1Mw1WY9EnOaFuXme+2y+OZZ60 Cb41fVtlSDC9EmAjAuV9K1dDP7FVGwFzGQ5j04IjgLocMbUgEyZDkKoFhe2Hgasw XU2ick5adCsvA8I0USfMVeQj2L6tkzc+hr4l9NXH7AGEQQGZu2iZTlDNn72FNBeo 7gPjxj8/a/T2+zKMyJbS2ujYa4ZBuypXpQg2UaQ42m1uKUz/ymJFXcm51X1Do3hJ TC2tvIST+v/cfYesblhAR1kRVAiKL+YUagLeWMU1I5X64E2MKVctOiPWBSHCLgQ0 LKtrwIHIvrIP2z0FMquR5GricvrLdFid89vtZFb1n8quQg== =uVxx -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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Win Property! (just like Spitfire Grill!) Win a 16-ROOM MOTEL on the OREGON COAST! --or-- Win a Tavern/Town in Austin, OREGON (see below)
by westcomm＠teleport.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

The Contests of the Century Remember SpitFire Grill? Well, David Persha, owner of House on the Hill Motel in Oceanside, Oregon, is giving away his 16-room motel in a very unique contest! Each guest room has a wonderful view of the ocean, and 8 rooms feature full kitchens. There is also a large conference room, as well as other quality amenities! The motel sits on over 45,000 square feet of land, with the main building's having been constructed in 1990. The motel is a turnkey operation in beautiful shape, with an approximate Market Value of $1.5 Million according to an appraisal performed 4 years ago. Mr. Persha is 71 years old and is looking for new blood to take over his motel! The contest conforms fully to all national,international, and Oregon law, thereby making it open to anybody in the world over 18 years of age. The Motel WILL BE yours debt-free if you submit a valid entry and the winning 250 word essay, which will be judged for originality and wit, inspiration, creativity, expression of thought, human interest, and "the conveyance of a genuine desire to run a motel on the (Oregon) coast." For complete rules and and entry form, please send $10 to cover the cost of handling to Contest Guidelines, West Coast Communications, P.O. Box 7434 Salem, OR 97303. For quickest response please include email address. DEADLINE FOR COMPLETED ENTRIES IS FEBRUARY 20. 1998, so ACT NOW! Please make checks payable to West Coast Communications. West Coast Communications P.O. Box 7434 Salem, OR 97303 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! SEE BELOW FOR SPECIAL RATE on BOTH contests! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ------------------------------------------------------------------------ "WIN-A-TOWN" IN AUSTIN, OREGON!! Another great contest! Like SpitFire Grill and Persha's Motel Contest (above), Leonard West is giving away his tavern in Austin, Oregon! Eastern Oregon . . . closely knit families, neighbors down the road. . . a great place to raise a family! And, "WIN-a-TOWN!" (The Austin House, 225 miles east of Portland, Oregon, consists of a tavern, restaurant, grocery store, post office, garage and gas pumps.) This is the REAL WEST. So ruggedly picturesque, that a Marlboro ad was shot nearby. The property WILL BE yours if you submit the winning 250 word essay, whichwill be judged for appreciation of the establishment and its charms, "plus a willingness to honor its. . .traditions." For complete rules and and entry form, please send $10 to cover the cost of postage to West Coast Communications, P.O. Box 7434 Salem, OR 97303. you may send questions and comments to mailto: westcomm(a)teleport.com for a very short time. We are changing servers on January 10, so address will change. For quickest response please include email address. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! IF YOU WOULD LIKE INFORMATION ABOUT **both** CONTESTS, THE TOTAL CHARGE IS ONLY 15.00! PLEASE SEND CHECK FOR 15.00 for information about ENTRY, RULES, and DEADLINES FOR BOTH CONTESTS! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ------------------------------------------------------------------------ GGGG OOO OOO DDDD LL UU UU CCCC K K !! GG OO OO OO OO DD DD LL UU UU CC K K !! GG GGG OO OO OO OO DD DD LL UU UU CC K K !! GGGG OOO OOO DDDD LLLLL UUU CCCC K K !! West Coast Communications does not own property which is involved in these contests. West Coast Communications is not a judge in these contests, nor are we responsible in any way for the contents of, or the contest rules.

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