December 2010 - cypherpunks-legacy

The 24-hour Athenian democracy
by Eugen Leitl 10 Dec '10

10 Dec '10

http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2010/12/more_wikileaks The 24-hour Athenian democracy Dec 8th 2010, 11:48 by B.G. | WASHINGTON I'M AWARE of your need to stay anonymous, but I have to be able to describe the scope of this movement. Can any of you tell me where you're typing from? I am talking to members of a group called b Anonymousb, using a web-based collaborative text-editing service. It is the first such interview for all of us, and their answers begin to collide on the page. One member comes from Norway; another shows surprise, then offers that she is from New Zealand. Another writes that group members come from Nepal and Eastern Russia. They all speak through pseudonyms, but I don't even know which psuedonym comes from what country because shortly after I read these answers, someone who calls himself b Tuxb erases them all and writes We are Everywhere. We are everyone. We are Anonymous. Members of Anonymous, whoever they are, have in the last week taken offline websites run by Postfinance, a Swiss bank that closed the account of Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks; PayPal, an online payments processor that halted donations to WikiLeaks; and the Swedish prosecutor who has brought a case against Mr Assange. As I followed some "anons" over internet relay chat (IRC) on Tuesday, they voted among themselves not to attack the b UK metro policeb. I'm not sure which website they were referring to. After I left the chat, they turned their attention to lieberman.senate.gov, the website of the American senator Joe Lieberman. According to Sean-Paul Correll, a threat researcher at Panda Security, that site was down, briefly, at 7:11 US Eastern time on Tuesday. Logs from the chat room the group was using indicate that for some time all of senate.govbthe website of every American senatorbwas either down completely or slow in many parts of the world. What all of these sites have in common is that their owners have in some way impeded the work of WikiLeaks or its founder, Julian Assange. Anonymous is not WikiLeaks, and the more famous whistle-blower does not seem to be pulling the strings. Nor, in fact, does anyone. At any point, anybody can show up in one of several IRC conversations and make a case for a target. Whoever else is there registers a vote, or an argument. During the attack on Mr Lieberman's site, anons argued that America's .gov domains would be difficult to take offline, and therefore were not a worthwhile target. One anon pointed out that the Senator does not do business through his website. One wrote, simply, that the site was down in Germany, and that they were all going to jail. But there is order, of a sort, within Anonymous. Anons, though they know each other only by their pseudonyms, develop trust over time through constant participation in the organising chats. The power of the group lies in a piece of software called a b low-orbit ion cannonb. Do not be put off by this scrap of jargon; an ion cannon is a fictional weapon used in fictional space epics. But the very real software allows someone to volunteer his own computer and network connection as part of a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack, a coordinated mass of requests that can crash a web server. Traditionally, a DDoS comes from personal computers that have been illegally loaded with software and tethered to a single command server as part of a b botnetb. The low-orbit ion cannon is, essentially, a volunteer botnet that Anonymous uses to take down websites. About ten people, called b OPsb, are able to launch an attack. If any OP abuses his powerbif he fails to heed what anons call b the hive mindb in IRC conversationsb the other OPs can lock him out of the chat. If any anon fails to be inspired by the target, she can remove her own computer from the volunteer botnet, reducing its effect. Anonymous is a 24-hour Athenian democracy, run by a quorum of whoever happens to be awake. It's hard even to define Anonymous as a b groupb, since not all members participate in all projects. The attempt to take down Mr Lieberman's site, for example, is part of an effort called b operation paybackb, a demonstration of support for Mr Assange. According to Mr Correll, Anonymous does not have a typical hierarchical government, but each mission does have a self-appointed dedicated organising body. This organizing body begins the process of setting up the necessary infrastructure, recruiting new members, researching/identifying vulnerable targets, media outreach, and more. However, the organizing body is free to change (and has changed) as the mission evolves day to day. I have observed at least one takeover when the greater group was not happy about what the organisers were doing. Steve (from TheTechHerald) and I had asked the Pirate Party to issue a statement asking Operation Payback to stop their attacks and resort to legal measures of protest. Many organisers agreed, but the greater bulk of the Anonymous group did not. They became extremely angry at the organisers and temporarily took control of the entire campaign, even releasing their own statement to the media. Anons do understand their limitations. The ones I talked to know that to take down a Swedish prosecutor's website does not halt the prosecution in Sweden. They described their motivations, variously, as trying b to raise awarenessb, b to show the prosecutor that we have the ability to actb and b damage and attentionb. This is all that a denial-of-service attack can do: register protest. It is not cyberwar. It is a propaganda coup. And it's limited to a limited set of websites: vulnerable, but important. Or, as an anon put it while discussing targets yesterday, Paypal and visa are unbeatable, so do is Everydns, and interpol will rape all of us, Postfinance is the most able to suffer our rage, who the **** is lieverman? He's just a senator. Almost became vice-president, once. It was years ago.

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isn't sharkfinn / rt10 (insert NSA eavesdropping acronym here) just a boondoggle ?
by John Case 10 Dec '10

10 Dec '10

(from Bob Woodward: Obamas Wars) "On the technical side, McConnell explained, the National Security Agency (NSA), which he had headed from 1992 to 1996, had developed a breakthrough eavesdropping capability. It had begun years before with a project code-named SHARKFINN that was designed to speed the acquisition, storage, dissemination and availability of intercepted communications, including cell phone calls and e-mails. The project advanced and was soon referred to as RT10, which increased the speed in real time to factors of up to 10 to the 10th power, or 10 billion times faster. It was now called RTRGReal Time, Regional Gateway. RTRG meant there was a way to capture all the data, store it, and make it instantly available to intelligence analysts and operators, allowing the U.S. to react quickly in response to the enemy." This is like developing a foolproof way to kill every mosquito in just your own backyard. It means nothing if you don't change the actual landscape within which you are working. In a landscape where I can lease an IP address, anonymously, at any street corner (worldwide), and where my entry and exit points are completely arbitrary and fungible ... nevermind the availability of strong crypto ... So this is just a subsidy to SAIC and Raytheon and Boeing (and Cisco and Juniper and Oracle) and has no meaning to anyone but the most inept and technically illiterate lawbreakers. Meanwhile, your Apple iPic photo gallery of this weekend in San Diego spins on a disk somewhere underground...

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Структурный, динамический и трендовый анализ
by Рентабельность продаж 10 Dec '10

10 Dec '10

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<nettime> "A new WikiLeaks" revolts against Assange
by Eugen Leitl 10 Dec '10

10 Dec '10

----- Forwarded message from nettime's avid reader <nettime(a)kein.org> -----

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Gov't crackdown spurs initiatives to route around DNS
by Eugen Leitl 10 Dec '10

10 Dec '10

http://www.itworld.com/print/129947 Gov't crackdown spurs initiatives to route around DNS by Keith Dawson December 7, 2010 b Over the Thanksgiving holiday weekend, US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the principal investigative arm of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), led an alphabet soup of government agencies in seizing the domain names of 82 Web sites (PDF) that ICE said were "engaged in the illegal sale and distribution of counterfeit goods and copyrighted works" (See: Operation In Our Sites v. 2.0). The seizures were accomplished by getting the VeriSign registry, owner of the .com and .net top-level domains, to change the authoritative domain-name servers for the seized domains to servers controlled by DHS. Regardless of the supposed criminal intent of the affected systems, the seizure without notice of these domain names by US authorities sent shock-waves around the Internet world. It got people's attention in a much stronger way than version 1 of this enforcement operation had b the first iteration late last June seized the names of nine sites selling pirated first-run movies. Many people woke up to the reality of how vulnerable the DNS is to government meddling. (More recently, the uproar caused by the WikiLeaks publication of US diplomatic cables b and subsequent attempts to censor the site and/or to hound it off the Internet b have resulted in what developer Dave Winer calls "a human DNS" implemented "in a weird sneaker-net sort of way," via Twitter and ad hoc bulletin-board sites.) Within days of the ICE/DHS seizures, at least three separate initiatives to work around the DNS had been announced, and several existing alternatives were highlighted in the ensuing discussion. Let's take a look at some of these proposals b two to route around and one to supplant the DNS b and some of the obstacles they face. 1. 4LW: 4 Little Words This new alt-DNS project got a quick boost from the developer communities at Hacker News and Reddit. The idea is to map each of the four numbers in an IPv4 address to one of 256 "little words," in the Mad Libs-inspired pattern adjective noun verb noun. For example, using an online 4LW generator, 208.101.51.56 (the IP address of the seized domain name torrent-finder.com) becomes simple hair climbs cup. Reddit user armooo created an open source DNS server that returns "A" records using the 4LW protocol. For the example above, visiting http://simple.B-hair.B-climbs.B-cup.B-4lw.org takes you straight to the site formerly pointed to by the seized domain name. This scheme should continue to work unless 4lw.org itself is compromised, in which case others could copy the source code and put up their own servers; meta-servers could emerge to distribute requests among known 4LW servers; and so on. 2. P2P DNS: Peering Around It This project has gotten the lion's share of press attention, because it was initially suggested by Peter Sunde, co-founder of The Pirate Bay. The idea is to create a peer-to-peer alternative to the DNS, and beyond that nothing has been announced. Sunde's blog post has garnered over 100 comments, most pledging help and some offering concrete suggestions or pointing out similar efforts across the Net. There are active brainstorms in various media and a code repository, which is currently empty. Sunde has promised a press release soon. 3. Project IDONS: Internet Distributed Open Name System This proposal is by Lauren Weinstein, one of the early developers of what became the Internet and the long-time moderator of the PRIVACY forum (which predates even the widespread existence of email). Weinstein's vision is of "an alternative Internet name to address mapping system b fully distributed, open source, fault-tolerant, secure, flexible, and not subject to centralized constraints, meddling, and censorship." Other high-level goals include "no central registries, no registrars, no fees nor charges necessary for any name or address operations across IDONS." Weinstein adds in his introduction to IDONS: "Ad hoc attempts to bypass the existing system (such as those newly proposed by Pirate Bay) are likely to create fragmentation and confusion, and therefore ironically tend to further entrench the existing systemb& ad hoc won't fly for this." In an interview, Weinstein told me he has had a "couple of thousand" responses to the IDONS proposal, ranging from substantive technical suggestions to "Yes I'd like to help." Weinstein said, "The point is not just to replace the DNS with another DNS. It's to get out from under a completely limiting condition. Technology is full of these kinds of situations in which we have to get out from under bad early decisions. In the case of DNS, the mistake was centralization. That enables not only censorship, but also the whole gigantic mess that has grown up around domain registrations" b what Weinstein has taken to calling the "domain industrial complex." He continued, "This is not just a technical project, it's an attempt to change the underlying mechanisms we use for names on the Internet. It involves policy and politics as well as technology." And it's likely to be a 10-year effort or longer. At this point the project does not have a website or a mailing list. Interested parties can contact Weinstein via his blog. Operation In Our Sites v. 2.0 Mere weeks ago, rights activists and users concerned about Internet censorship were mounting opposition to the proposed Combating Online Infringement and Counterfeits Act b a law that would give the Justice Department the power to seize domain names from sites around the globe that are "dedicated to infringing activities." That bill is now sidelined in the Senate. Now, with "Operation In Our Sites v. 2.0," the DoJ is asserting that it already has the authority, under the 2008 PRO-IP law (PDF), to turn off DNS service for sites that rely on US-resident domain-name registries, even if the sites are based outside the US. (The court orders for seizure were served on VeriSign, the Virginia company that runs the .com and .net registries.) While most of the seized sites sold counterfeit goods such as sports equipment, shoes and handbags, at least one sold nothing and did not even store pointers to contraband. Torrent-finder.com is a meta-search engine that returns results from other search engines, in response to user queries, and according to TorrentFreak.com "is not encouraging or even facilitating copyright infringement any more than other search engines such as Google." There has been no official comment on this apparent anomaly. The EFF and the CDT have raised questions about the "nuke-the-whole-website approach," and the EFF has vowed to fight the actions. The operation that was torrent-finder.com has reopened at torrent-finder.info; its owner, who lives in Egypt, has also vowed to fight the seizure. Drawbacks to trying to route around the DNS Any alternative to or replacement for the DNS must begin by acknowledging the existing system's strengths: it is ubiquitous, it is built in to many aspects of the way the Internet functions, it is distributed and scaleable (and in fact has scaled by 5 or 6 orders of magnitude since its introduction in the 1980s), and it establishes a hierarchy of trust so that you have some assurance (not 100%) that you're visiting the site you think you are. A major concern for any DNS alternative b especially one that stands beside the existing DNS b must be "breaking the Internet" into Balkanized islands, unreachable one from the other. In practice this means that any alt-DNS must somehow allow access to all Internet resources. Past attempts at establishing an alternate DNS root, such as AlterNIC.net (begun in 1995), required tweaking configuration files in domain name servers b clearly a non-starter for widespread adoption. AlterNIC faded away after its founder was convicted in the US of wire fraud, and the Internet Architecture Board spoke out strongly against alternate roots in RFC 2826. Nonetheless, other attempts at setting up an alternate root have sprung up. These depend on a Web browser to decide which name resolver to use: for example, Unified Root provides its own browser, called Sundial and based on Firefox; and DASHWORLDS offers a browser plug-in for Internet Explorer on Windows. A drawback to routing-around proposals such as 4LW is the assumption of one domain name per IP address. Such one-to-one mapping is by no means universal, and may be getting less common as IPv4 addresses dwindle to exhaustion. I run a server in the cloud with a dozen or more sites on each of several IP addresses. The server is set up to provide the correct content to the visitor based on which domain name was requested b Apache configuration files for that purpose are generated by the (Plesk) site management software. A visitor who types in one of my server's IP addresses, or goes there via e.g. the 4LW protocol, will get a default Apache page. Presumably some deep juju could be developed for the Apache server's rewrite engine, but it would have to be custom-made for each alt-DNS scheme. It would have to be added by hand to each site's Apache configuration file, as the site management software (such as Plesk or cPanel) won't know about it b and therefore will tend to overwrite it. And ditto for sites running Microsoft's IIS or any of numerous other Web servers. Another issue that alt-DNS schemes will face is that websites use non-relative internal links, hard-coded with fully qualified domain names. Any such links will work as long as the official DNS points to where the site expects it to, but break in case of domain-name compromise. Perhaps the biggest obstacle any aspiring DNS workaround or replacement faces is getting to critical mass. I spoke to one alt-DNS developer, Chris Brainard, who is working on a concept called FreeLayer. In his opinion, "Most people won't switch if what they are using is working. Plus you have tight integration with browsers and search engines and code. So in a way the only people who are really interested in this are those who wish to have more privacy, have an interest in the technology, want domains for free, or are doing something illegal." Lauren Weinstein acknowledges that the scope of the IDONS project "may perhaps be reasonably compared with the scale of IPv6 deployment" b in other words, massive.

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Построение финансовой модели предприятия
by Компьютерный класс 09 Dec '10

09 Dec '10

Дата проведения занятий: 1314 Декабря +7 (Ч95) 7_Ч2.9I.98 ; Ч4_539_68 Как правильно разработать Бизнес план, ТЭО? – практикум 2 дня в компьютерном классе Суть Курса!!! очень проста:Вы как участник приглашаетесь в компьютерный класс, где 2 дня с вами занимаются, высококвалифицированные практики, тяжеловесы в финансовом планировании, профессионалы своего дела. На протяжении всех дней Участник является «настоящим участником практического семинара», все пробует Сам, получает задания решает их учится искать допущенные ошибки, использует методы финансового анализа. Весь процесс происходит на компьютере который оснащен специализированным программным комплексом. По Окончании учебного курса все Участников оснащают лицензионным, полнорабочим ПО, для разработки инвест-проектов бизнес-планов ТЭО. По прибытии на предприятие устанавливается комплекс на свой компьютер и сразу начинается работа без дополнительных затрат по времени. - Вот так! Просто! мы готовим профессионалов! Информация об учебном курсе: Подготовка участников будет осуществляться в компьютерном классе, где в помощь будет предоставлен программный комплекс в основе которого заложена современная методика планирования. В основе подготовки участников заложены профессиональные методы фин. планирования. Обучение будет осуществляться на пр. комплексе с использованием технологий (аналитического ядра) "L J 3000" Использование пр. комплекса принципиально меняет подходы к обучению, каждый участник становится объективным именно "участником", а не второстепенным слушателем. Дополнительные методические материалы существенно расширят знания специалиста и новичка. Методы практического обучения позволят получить профессиональные навыки в разработке экономической модели предприятия, осознавать процессы формирования проектов. Суть очень простая! все собирается своими руками. Каждому участнику: для дальнейшей успешной работы и внедрения методики планирования и текущего бюджетного учета на предприятии предоставляются бесплатно следующие методические материалы и программы: Специализированный Программный продукт-для разработки бизнес планов, ТЭО, инвестиционных проектов! Программа проста в понимании и настройках, подготавливает расчетную и текстовую части фин. проекта, подготавливает и оформляет все в единый отчет. 90% автоматизации труда.. Книга - "Разработка бизнес плана - практическое руководство". В комплекте с книгой поставляется новая версия специализированной программы по Экспресс построению бизнес планов. (Экспресс подготовка экономической документации. Основное назначение программы - быстрая, качественная, профессиональная подготовка экономической документации для представления в различные структуры, как в финансовые, так и в структуры органов власти.). 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По Окончании курса Вас оснащают лицензионной, полнорабочей специализированной версией программы, для разработки бизнес планов и инвестиционных проектов, Вы прибываете на предприятие, устанавливает продукт на свой компьютер и начинаете сразу работать (без всякой головной боли) - Вот так! Просто! мы делает профессионалов! Краткая информация о семинаре: Дата учебного курса: С Тринадцатого по четырнадцатое декабря Подготовка участников будет осуществляться в компьютерном классе, где в помощь будет предоставлен программный комплекс в основе которого заложена современная методика планирования. Сочетание методов обучения с практикой - позволит достичь максимальных результатов в освоении материала. Все наглядно и просто. На первом этапе излагается теория, на втором рассматриваются закономерности, почему теория не совместима с практикой, на третьем этапе формируется задача и рассматриваются фин. методы ее решения, на четвертом участник самостоятельно решает задачу используя компьютер оснащенный специализированным ПО. Рассмотрение финансовых методов для каждого рода деятельности в отдельности, усиление восприятия информации с помощью специализированного расширенного методического материала. Каждому участнику: для дальнейшей успешной работы и внедрения методики планирования и текущего бюджетного учета на предприятии предоставляются бесплатно следующие методические материалы и программы: * Специализированный Программный продукт-для разработки бизнес планов, ТЭО, инвестиционных проектов! Программа проста в понимании и настройках, подготавливает расчетную и текстовую части фин. проекта, подготавливает и оформляет все в единый отчет. 90% автоматизации труда.. * Книга - "Разработка бизнес плана - практическое руководство". В комплекте с книгой поставляется новая версия специализированной программы по Экспресс построению бизнес планов. (Экспресс подготовка экономической документации. Основное назначение программы - быстрая, качественная, профессиональная подготовка экономической документации для представления в различные структуры, как в финансовые, так и в структуры органов власти.). * Методический печатный материал (разработанный нашей компанией) для самостоятельной разработки внутреннего бизнес плана. * Для эффективной работы в помощь прилагается на диске методический материал в электронной версии. С помощью него участник семинара может эффективно разрабатывать свои сценарии финансовых проектов. За более подробной информацuей обpащайтеcь по тел: +7 (код Москвы)*74-29|/98 : 4Ч-539_68

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