December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

(Fwd) DIGITAL CASH IN AN ELECTRONIC WORLD
by tcmay＠got.net 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

I saw this on the Cyberia list. Those of you near Washington, D.C. may find this worth attending. By the way, one of the speakers, Kawika Daguio, was once on this list (and may still be, though I haven't seen posts from him in a while). --Tim May >Date: Sun, 22 Oct 1995 17:04:32 -0400 >Errors-To: thardy(a)mail.wm.edu >Reply-To: cyberia-l(a)warthog.cc.wm.edu >Originator: cyberia-l(a)listserv.cc.wm.edu >Sender: cyberia-l(a)warthog.cc.wm.edu >Precedence: bulk >From: "Cleveland Thornton" <thornton(a)legalbits.com> >To: Multiple recipients of list <cyberia-l(a)warthog.cc.wm.edu> >Subject: (Fwd) DIGITAL CASH IN AN ELECTRONIC WORLD >X-Listserver-Version: 6.0 -- UNIX ListServer by Anastasios Kotsikonas > > >For those in the Washington, DC area, you may find the following >meeting of interest, > > > >------- Forwarded Message Follows ------- >Date: Sat, 21 Oct 1995 21:54:36 -0400 (EDT) >From: Andrew Grosso <agrosso(a)access.digex.net> >To: Cleveland Thornton <cthornto> >Subject: Please Post > > THE FUTURE OF MONEY: > DIGITAL CASH IN AN ELECTRONIC WORLD > > The evolution of money has now completed >a one hundred eighty degree turn from the point >where our economy began: from a barter marketplace; >to paper currency; and, today, to pure information >exchanged globally over telecommunications lines. >Money is digital, and can be created, utilized, >and transmitted by individuals and companies, as >well as by governments. > > On Thursday, November 2, at noon, the >Computer Crime Subcommittee of the ABA will host >a luncheon program which will examine the birth >and promise of digital cash. The speakers repre- >sent all three of the important organizations >participating in this venture: designers, bankers, >and governments: > >Steve Crocker, Vice President in Charge of Develop- >ment, CyberCash, Inc. CyberCash is a Reston, >Virginia, based company which was established in >1994. It is in the forefront of the development >and implementation of digital cash in the global >marketplace. Dr. Crocker is himself involved in >both the technical and regulatory aspects of this >field. His talk will include a description of just >what digital cash is, and how we can expect it will >be used in the future. > >Kawika Daguio, Federal Representative for Operations, >Retail Banking, and Risk Management, American >Bankers Association: Mr. Daguio represents the >banking industry, and will discussed its concerns >and hopes for the new currency, and how it expects >that digital cash will change the industry. > >Stephen Kroll, Chief Counsel, Financial Crimes >Enforcement Network: Mr. Kroll's agency is primarily >concerned with the identification of money laundering >and other violations of federal laws concerning the >flow of money. He will discuss the government's >concerns over the effects digital cash will have on >those laws, and how governments may seek to protect >their currencies and their sovereignty. > > The program will be in the form of a brown >bag luncheon, and will take place at the ABA Criminal >Justice Section's Washington offices, at 740 15th >Street, N.W., Tenth Floor. The program is free. >For those who wish to order a brown bag lunch to be >provided by the ABA, the cost is $11.50, which must >be ordered beforehand and paid for at the time it is >picked up. (No cash accepted; make check payable >to ABA Criminal Justice Section.) > > For reservations, please contact Mable >Muldrow, at (202) 662-1520. For more information, >contact the program's co-moderators, Andrew Grosso, >Chair of the ABA Computer Crime Subcommittee, at >(202) 663-9041 [E-Mail: agrosso(a)acm.org] and >Daryl Jackson, Vice Chair of the ABA White Collar >Crime Committee, at (202) 942-5000. >__________________________________________________________ >Cleveland Thornton 202-543-9673 (Office) >Attorney at Law 202-543-3482 (Fax) >15 Second Street, N.E. 74746.1422(a)compuserve.com >Washington, D.C. 20002-7301 thornton(a)legalbits.com > >HomePage http://www.clark.net/pub/cthornto/home.html >__________________________________________________________ > > >__________________________________________________________ >Cleveland Thornton 202-543-9673 (Office) >Attorney at Law 202-543-3482 (Fax) >15 Second Street, N.E. 74746.1422(a)compuserve.com >Washington, D.C. 20002-7301 thornton(a)legalbits.com > >HomePage http://www.clark.net/pub/cthornto/home.html >__________________________________________________________ >

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Re: textbooks
by patrick＠Verity.COM 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Good suggestions all, but don't forget "Network Security Private Communication in a PUBLIC World" by Kaufman, Perlman and Speciner. This book covers a lot of great stuff. It doesn't use complicated math when not required, and explains the math very clearly when it's needed. It explains DES and IDEA well enough in plain language that you can understand how to implement them. While I love Bruce's book, it's much harder to understand than NSPC. I highly recommend this book to everyone. I don't think any crypto library would be complete without it. It's in contention for the official bible of crypto along with Bruce's book. Patrick > From: "Dana W. Albrecht" <dwa(a)corsair.com> > > I also suggest "A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography, 2nd Edition" > by Neal Koblitz, published by Springer Verlag. > > "Applied Cryptography" is certainly the book of choice, but Koblitz > is an excellent secondary reference for covering a lot of the relevant > mathematics in more depth. > > In my opinion, "Applied Cryptography" was written from the perspective > of computer science, "The Codebreakers" was written from the perspective > of history, and Koblitz's book was written from the perspective of > mathematics. > > They are all nicely complementary. > > Dana W. Albrecht > dwa(a)corsair.com > _______________________________________________________________________ / These opinions are mine, and not Verity's (except by coincidence;). \ | (\ | | Patrick J. Horgan Verity Inc. \\ Have | | patrick(a)verity.com 1550 Plymouth Street \\ _ Sword | | Phone : (415)960-7600 Mountain View \\/ Will | | FAX : (415)960-7750 California 94303 _/\\ Travel | \___________________________________________________________\)__________/

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Mark Twain Bank Launches Ecash
by Marcel van der Peijl 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

---------------------------PRESS RELEASE------------------------ Release date: Contact DigiCash New York: Monday, October 23, 1995 Mr. Daniel M. Eldridge Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tel: +1 212 909 2955 (direct) +1 212 909 4092 (main) Fax: +1 212 318 1222 email: eldridge(a)digicash.com Contact DigiCash Amsterdam: Contact Mark Twain Bank St. Louis: Mr. Paul Dinnissen Mr. Frank O. Trotter, III Tel: +31 20 665 2611 Tel: +1 314 997 9213 Fax: +31 20 668 5486 Fax: +1 314 569 4906 email: press(a)digicash.com email: ftrotter(a)marktwain.com http://www.digicash.com/ http://www.marktwain.com/ Mark Twain Bank Launches Ecash ============================== ----------------------------------------------------- Mark Twain Bank begins operating DigiCash's ecash(TM) on the Internet with U.S. Dollars ----------------------------------------------------- Mark Twain Bank of St. Louis Missouri starts accepting applications Monday October 23, 1995 for accounts that can be used to withdraw and deposit ecash over the Internet. DigiCash(TM) bv, of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, developer of ecash, is supplying the technology to Mark Twain Bank under non-exclusive license. The technology has been tested with a 'monopoly(TM) money' currency called CyberBucks(TM), but this U.S. dollar denominated system is the first time electronic cash is actually being offered using real currency. "This launch marks the beginning of a new era, one in which the digital equivalent of paper money and coins will become even more important than their physical precursors are today," according to Dr. David Chaum, Managing Director of DigiCash bv and inventor of electronic cash. "It will catalyze enormous growth in electronic commerce on the Internet, and prove of enduring value through its improved protection of consumers and society at large." Sweden Post, another ecash licensee, owns the retail bank that is responsible for more than 50% of value transfers in Sweden and has direct access to accounts of over 75% of Swedish households. Sweden Post has not yet announced its launch date. How does it work ---------------- Using ecash is like using a virtual ATM (Automatic Teller Machine). When connecting to it over the Internet, you authenticate ownership of your account and request the amount of ecash you want to withdraw, much like in person. But instead of putting paper cash in your wallet, your software stores the digital cash it obtains onto the hard disk of your PC. When you are asked to make a payment on the net, you confirm the amount, purpose and payee and then your ecash software transfers the correct value in coins from your disk. Sellers, ranging from casual participants in the global Internet bazaar to mega-retailers, deposit the digital coins they receive into their accounts. Behind the user interface, your computer actually chooses the serial numbers of the electronic coins based on a random seed. Then it hides them in special encryption envelopes, provides them to the virtual ATM for signing, and removes the envelopes from what is returned--leaving the bank's validating digital signature on the serial numbers. This way, when the bank receives from the shop the coins you spend, it cannot recognize them as coming from any particular withdrawal, because they were hidden in envelopes during withdrawal. And thus the bank cannot know when or where you shop or what you buy. The serial number of each signed coin is unique, allowing the bank to be sure it never accepts the same coin twice. In case you wish to identify the recipient of any of your payments, you can also reveal the serial number and prove that you formed it. And, in case your computer were ever to break down, if you had written down the secret random seed number you chose initially when opening your account, future versions would let you use it to re-create the coins in envelopes and thereby obtain a free re-issue of the signed coins that were lost. How safe is it -------------- Security is fundamental to electronic cash. The cryptographic coding protecting every 5 cent ecash payment is the same as that routinely relied upon for authenticating requests to move huge sums between banks and even for national security. But in principle ecash goes beyond such communications security to achieve true multiparty security: no one (buyer, seller, bank) can cheat anyone else, no matter how they might modify their own software; even if two parties collude, they cannot cheat the third. Replacing paper and coins with ecash would make life much harder for criminals. Because the payer's computer chooses the serial numbers of the coins, he or she can later irrefutably identify blackmarketeers, extortionists, and acceptors of bribes--were they to take ecash. Paper notes, briefcases full of which can be received without leaving any record, allow money laundering and tax evasion today. With ecash, however, all the amounts each person receives are known to their bank. Significant criminal activity could thus be thwarted by completely replacing paper money; moreover, the privacy of ecash would be essential to widespread acceptance of any electronic payment system that in effect becomes mandatory. Early, competing, and future systems ------------------------------------ Customers of Mark Twain Bank will have to fill out an application form that is available over the Internet, mail or fax it in, and receive a password by mail. The bank's unique multi-currency facilities will allow use from many countries. In the future, the ability to withdraw funds from ordinary checking accounts will be as ubiquitous as making withdrawals at physical ATMs today. Frequent visits to digital branches will give banks the opportunity to offer a full range of financial services to their customers. The over 60,000 people who registered for the CyberBucks experiment--more than all the other cyber-payment schemes combined--suggests a high level of support and interest in ecash. DigiCash plans to keep the experiment going for those who wish to continue using it. After CyberBucks went live almost exactly one year ago, and became the first cryptographically protected Internet payment scheme, a plethora of "me-too" schemes have been announced. Most are simply account-based, accepting requests from users to move money from their account to a specified other account, thereby revealing to the central system exactly when, how much, and to whom they pay, and putting users at the mercy of system errors that may result in loss of money or unexpected lock out. Only ecash works with digital coins, empowering people with full control over their side of financial transactions and full control over when and to whom identifying information is released. Ecash is currently software only: once you've opened an account you just download the software over the net and you're ready to run. DigiCash is developing chip cards and simple readers which will give provide even more security and portability of ecash between machines. DigiCash does not aim to operate ecash systems itself, but rather to continue developing new versions and licensing to financial institutions. (The following are trademarks and should always be referred to as such: CyberBucks, DigiCash, ecash, Mark Twain Bank and Monopoly.) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * DigiCash Backgrounder ===================== History and Mission ------------------- Since beginning operation in April 1990, DigiCash's mission and primary activity has been: to develop and license payment technology products--chip card, software only, and hybrid--that both show the true capability of technology to protect the interests of all participants and are competitive in the market. Founder ------- Dr. David Chaum, managing director of DigiCash, received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley, then taught at New York University Graduate School of Business Administration and at the University of California, and headed the Cryptography Group at CWI, the Dutch nationally funded center for research in mathematics and computer science, before taking his current position. He has published over 45 original technical articles on cryptography and also founded the International Association for Cryptologic Research. DigiCash Products ----------------- Blue: smart card technology for EMV & prepaid with dynamic public key Conforms to joint Europay, MasterCard, Visa specifications; multiple applications including loyalty and closed systems; superior data integrity in case of malicious/accidental interference/interruption; requires only the smallest and most proven chips, e.g. SC-24 or ST601; mask technology licensing. CAFE: smart card and card-accepting electronic wallet project Consortium of 12 other members founded and chaired by Dr. Chaum of DigiCash; simulation, mask and first readers developed by DigiCash; trial in November 1995 at the European Commission headquarters building; technology trial in participation with related open special interest group and partially funded by the EC. DyniCash: highway-speed road-toll collection system using smart cards Chip card inserts into battery-powered dashboard unit; reflected backscatter microwave technology by industry leader Amtech; prepaid mode has user privacy; open and/or closed pricing schemes; tested extensively in Japan; non-exclusive licensing of the payment technology. Ecash(TM): software only electronic cash system for internet/email Users download software that can make and receive payments; protects users' money like travellers checks and privacy like coins; world-wide experiment with tens of thousands of users; Macintosh, MS-Windows and X-Windows; any WWW browser; user software free with issuer licensing. Facility Card: complete facility management smart-card/reader system Cash replacement, access control, and time/attendance system; now in schools, hospitals, industry, offices, recreation; interfaces to vending, point-of-sale, access control, copiers, phones, gaming; downloadable & upgradeable readers work on-line and/or off-line; sold through VAR's. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Early Adopter Companies ======================= AdOne Classified Network (Steve Brotman, +1 212 431 5842, http://www.adone.com/) BizNet Technologies (Doug Mauer, +1 540 231 7715, http://www.bnt.com/) Consensus Development Corporation (Christopher Allen, +1 510 559 1500, http://www.consensus.com/) Delorie Software (http://www.delorie.com/) Global-X-Change Communications (Elliot Burdett, +1 613 235 6865, http://www.globalx.net/) PULVER.COM (Jeff Pulver, +1 917 336 8240, http://www.pulver.com/) Sun Microsystems (Humphrey Polanen, +1 415 336 0022, http://www.sun.com/) The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) (Stanton McCandlish, +1 415 668 7171, http://www.eff.org/) The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) (Marc Rotenberg, +1 202 546 6520, http://www.epic.org/) The New Sun Newspaper (Lese Dunton, +1 212 799 7402, http://shebute.com/newsun/today/) The Well (Bruce Katz, +1 415 332 4335, http://www.well.com/) Walter Shelby Group (John Buckman, http://www.shelby.com/pub/shelby/) These companies offering their clients ecash(TM) ------------------------------------------------ Husky Labs (David Levine, +1 410 889 3409, http://www.butterfly.net/) (Clients: National Public Radio, The National Geographic Society, PoliticsUSA, Penguin Books, E-Z Communications, Pentagon Cds and Tapes, AfroAmerican Newpapers, Ellicott Machine Corp., The Greater Baltimore Committee Technology Council, National Petroleum Council, Netv, Review.Net, Robert Rytter & Associates, and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) Organic Online (Brian Behlendorf, +1 415 284 6888, http://www.organic.com/) (Clients: Advertising Age, Saturn Cars, Rubin Postaer Agency, Sybase, Inc., Volvo Cars of North America, Xircom, 1-800-Collect, Conari Press Books, Great Amercian Music Hall, City of Tribes Communications, Octel, Montgomery Securities, Macromedia) Poppe Tyson Advertising (Fergus O'Daly, +1 212 727 5600, http://www.poppe.com/) (Clients: American Express Travel Agency, PSINet Inc., Intercon Systems Corp., Fordham University, New York Cruise Lines Inc., Osram Sylvania, Pfizer, Food Service Group, Ridgewood Savings Bank, Warner Lambert, Drew, EUA COGENEX, New Jersey Travel and Tourism, AT&T, American Isuzu Motors, DataProducts, Magellan, Toshiba America, Computer Systems Division, Toshiba Computer Systems, Toshiba Disk Products, Applied Medical Informatics, Cascade Design Automation, Chrysler Corp. Cirrus Logic, Cypress Semiconductor, Escalade, Hewlett-Packard, Hyundai Electronics America, Intel Corp., International Network Services, Internet Profiles Corp., LANNET, Logic Modeling, Measurex, MIPS Tchnologies, Netscape Communications Corporation, Network Equipment Technologies, Network General, Nokia, North Mountain Software, Premisys Radiomail, Red Herring Magazine, Robert Half International, Sony Electronics Inc., Broadcast Product Group, Sync Research, Synopsys, Synopsys Logic Modeling Group, Touche, Valvoline) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Further Documents Available =========================== 1. "The Ease of Using ecash", tutorial, October 1995, 10 pages. (Text with diagrams.) 2. Congressional Testimony: text of testimony delivered by Dr. David Chaum to Committee Hearing of the U.S. House of Representatives:"The Future of Money", Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy; Committee on Banking and Financial Services, July 1995, 3 pages. (Text only.) 3. "Achieving Electronic Privacy", by Dr. David Chaum, Scientific American, August 1992, 6 pages. (Text with diagrams.) 4. European Union - Project CAFE: Conditional Access For Europe, brochure, 1994, 2 pages. (Text only online, diagrams and text only by post.) How to obtain documents ----------------------- Items 1-4 are available on our World Wide Web Server at: 1) http://www.digicash.com/publish/ecash_intro/ecash_intro.html 2) http://www.digicash.com/publish/testimony.html 3) http://www.digicash.com/publish/sciam.html 4) http://www.digicash.com/products/projects/cafe.html Please let us know, if you would like to receive any of Items 1-4 in one of the following other formats: a) via electronic mail in plain text (ascii) format, (Item 1 and 4 unavailable) b) via facsimile c) via post ---------------------------PRESS RELEASE------------------------

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Digicash for-real announcement
by cman＠communities.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

(Finally, not just a "wait around" announcement) http://www.marktwain.com/ecash.html

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Re: Reducing the Flames, Attacks, and Nit-Pickings
by todd＠lgt.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

>At 2:18 AM 10/22/95, Todd Glassey wrote: > >>As an aside - What blows my mind is the number of cycles people spend >>bitching and moaning about Java itself rather than working to create a >>better solution. My apologies, I should have taken this off-line with Dr. Fred. I did in my response to him as I had some personal commentary to add which would have beebn inappropriate to the list in general. But you are right. These lists are meant for us to exchange important information and technologies, not necessarily commentary as to what a piece of merde" something is. I respect Dr' Fred's commentary and others where there is a "prize" for all of us, but so much of the postings now happening seem to be of little technical value. Again I aploogize to all and to you Dr. Fred for posting my response to your statement to the world... > > >The recent flames and attacks are pretty typical of mailing lists, >especially mailing lists having 1200 highly-opinionated subscribers >(gulp!). Not that I like the flames, but they're not the problem I want to >really talk about. > >A trend that bothers me--and others too, from comments here--is the intense >"feeding frenzy" that is going on with each and every new product, from >Netscape, to Microsoft Network, to Java, to Digicash. > >Don't get me wrong--finding flaws is a useful thing to do. But this list is >becoming _consumed_ by the _process_ of attacking products. Worse, many of >the attacks are by innuendo, by rumors and speculations about what features >a product has. > >My comments will likely vanish without a trace, but I urge folks to hold >back a bit on jumping in with attacks and reports of problems. Be sure >something is _really_ a flaw before sounding the alarms. > >--Tim May > >Views here are not the views of my Internet Service Provider or Government. >---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---- >Timothy C. May | Crypto Anarchy: encryption, digital money, >tcmay(a)got.net 408-728-0152 | anonymous networks, digital pseudonyms, zero >Corralitos, CA | knowledge, reputations, information markets, >Higher Power: 2^756839 | black markets, collapse of governments. >"National borders are just speed bumps on the information superhighway." Regards, T. S. Glassey Chief Technologist Looking Glass Technologies todd(a)lgt.com (415) 324-4318 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.6 iQB1AwUBMFu5E6gNRnWhagU5AQHI+gL+Mwpcd3lAWd8FF06qcG6rnLhIYveHW71a XC7xh1T0uu8qnYX31yMp17OG28jWpKUbWec1IM9/eXOi+gInA7rKICWczV8zo9Z0 0puxjRRN7yO4KfRb3cPpk+r0p6pDg01Y =bTYb -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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Re: Reducing the Flames, Attacks, and Nit-Pickings
by tcmay＠got.net 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 4:25 AM 10/23/95, Todd Glassey wrote: >>At 2:18 AM 10/22/95, Todd Glassey wrote: >> >>>As an aside - What blows my mind is the number of cycles people spend >>>bitching and moaning about Java itself rather than working to create a >>>better solution. > > >My apologies, I should have taken this off-line with Dr. Fred. I did in my >response to him as I had some personal commentary to add which would have >beebn inappropriate to the list in general. Just to make things clear, when I quoted Todd Glassey's point (above), it was because I _agreed_ with his point about the "bitching and moaning" about Java, as an example. I was _not_ quoting it as an example of the flames on the list, per se. My concern is that the Cypherpunks list is evolving into a "bug list," concentrating on attacks on commercial products. As I've said, finding major flaws in protocols is a useful thing to do, but having the list focussed on debating the fine details of languages like Java and browsers like Netscape seems to be less useful. Worse, idle speculation about possible security flaws seems wasteful. --Tim May Views here are not the views of my Internet Service Provider or Government. ---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---- Timothy C. May | Crypto Anarchy: encryption, digital money, tcmay(a)got.net 408-728-0152 | anonymous networks, digital pseudonyms, zero Corralitos, CA | knowledge, reputations, information markets, Higher Power: 2^756839 | black markets, collapse of governments. "National borders are just speed bumps on the information superhighway."

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Chaum's cash: backup?
by Vladimir Z. Nuri 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

(I congratulate Chaum on his ecash trial. this is a milestone.) the recent Chaum press release and information says that cash is "downloaded" to your local computer. here is my question: of course, I'm sure they have some kind of a backup system. would someone care to comment on it? say I download $1000 to my hard drive and it crashes. what to do? if it was like "real" cash, then it really would be lost. if it wasn't like real cash, and the bank was actually tracking it, then they could determine whether it had been "spent" so far or prohibit someone from "cashing it in" like a hold on a check.

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Freeh wants to wiretap millions
by Brad Dolan 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Excerpt from latest CDT bulletin... Mr. (Un)Freeh wants to be able to monitor (perhaps as much as) the most troublesome 1% of the population. This would appear to be a rather large expansion of telephone wiretapping. bd ---------- Forwarded message ---------- [Excerpt] CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY AND TECHNOLOGY ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A briefing on public policy issues affecting civil liberties online ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CDT POLICY POST Number 26 October 20, 1995 CONTENTS: (1) FBI Announces Digital Telephony Surveillance Capacity Request (2) Subcribe To The CDT Policy Post Distribution List (3) About CDT, Contacting Us (1) FBI NOTICE BEGINS DIGITAL TELEPHONY COMPLIANCE PROCESS -- PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY FOR FBI REQUEST ESSENTIAL On Monday October 16 1995, the FBI published its initial request for surveillance capacity as required under Section 104 (a) of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (PL 104-144, a.k.a. Digital Telephony). As required by law, the FBI will accept public comments on the proposed capacity requirements for 30 days (ending November 15, 1995). The notice, which includes instructions for submitting comments, is attached below. [...] SURVEILLANCE CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS Section 104 of CALEA requires telecommunications carriers to ensure that their systems posses sufficient capacity to accommodate a specified number of simultaneous intercepts, pen register, and trap and trace devices. As required by Section 104 (a)(1), the FBI, after consultation with state and local law enforcement officials and the telecommunications industry, has published an initial notice or capacity requirements. Section 104 (a)(1) requires that the FBI seek public comment and then publish in the federal register and provide to telecommunications carriers: [...] CATEGORY I -- Areas With Heavy Surveillance Activity Large urban areas and other areas the FBI estimates require the greatest surveillance capacity would fall under Category I [page 53646, see below]. ACTUAL CAPACITY: .5% of engineered capacity, or 500 simultaneous surveillance orders for each equipment, facility, or service serving 100,000 subscribers. MAXIMUM CAPACITY: 1% of engineered capacity, or 1000 simultaneous surveillance orders for each equipment, facility, or service serving 100,000 subscribers, by 1998. _______________________________________________________________________ [...] [editor's note -- Appendicies have been deleted to save spae. The entire text of this document can be found at CDT's Digital Telephony Web Page, URL:http://www.cdt.org/digtel.html] Dated: October 10, 1995. Louis J. Freeh, Director. [FR Doc. 95-25562 Filed 10-13-95; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4410-02-M --------------------------------------------------------------------------- (3) HOW TO SUBSCRIBE TO THE CDT POLICY POST LIST To subscibe to the policy post distribution list, send mail to "Majordomo(a)cdt.org" with: subscribe policy-posts in the body of the message (leave the subject line blank) [...]

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digicash & unix clients
by sameer 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

I haven't seen any listing of the platforms supported by the live digicash system. Does anyone know where that information is available? Thanks. -- sameer Voice: 510-601-9777 Community ConneXion FAX: 510-601-9734 The Internet Privacy Provider Dialin: 510-658-6376 http://www.c2.org (or login as "guest") sameer(a)c2.org

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Re: Chaum's cash: backup?
by James A. Donald 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 10:04 PM 10/22/95 -0700, Vladimir Z. Nuri wrote: >say I download $1000 to my hard drive and it crashes. what to do? > >if it was like "real" cash, then it really would be lost. It is really lost. Your disk drive contains information the bank *cannot* know. If you do not know that information either, you cannot prove to the bank or anyone else that you rightfully possess a legitimate coin. --------------------------------------------------------------------- | We have the right to defend ourselves | http://www.jim.com/jamesd/ and our property, because of the kind | of animals that we are. True law | James A. Donald derives from this right, not from the | arbitrary power of the state. | jamesd(a)echeque.com

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