December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

Lucent & Internet Phone
by E. Allen Smith 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

> _________________________________________________________________ > PC Travel > _________________________________________________________________ > LUCENT VOWS TO MAKE INTERNET PHONES EASY TO USE > __________________________________________________________________________ > Copyright &copy 1996 Nando.net > Copyright &copy 1996 Reuter Information Service > NEW YORK (Sep 17, 1996 7:53 p.m. EDT) - Lucent Technologies Inc., > vowing to make voice and video communication over the Internet as > easy-to-use and accessible as the telephone, unveiled Tuesday a new > business venture and several products designed to bring Internet > communication into the mainstream. [...] > The venture is charged with commercializing several ground-breaking > Internet software commpression technologies developed at Lucent's Bell > Laboratories research unit. Such technology shrinks the capacity > required to transmit information over communications networks. > Internet-based communications typically requires access to a personal > computer, but Lucent envisions using the telephone or other consumer > electronics device for the same purpose. > Murray Hill, N.J.-based Lucent said its new Elemedia Internet business > is now offering software that allows callers to hold > "telephone-quality" conversations over the Internet. Has anyone taken a look at this software with a view to an encryption patch? > Lucent said its strategy was to capitalize on software component > technology developed by Bell Labs by licensing it to other Internet > phone makers and established telephone carriers for use in their own > products. Lucent does not intend to sell its products directly to the > public. As I recall, Jeff Weinstein mentioned that he was looking into encryption for the Netscape Internet Phone. I would be curious if Netscape is considering integrating the Lucent software. > It said its products would be compatible with all major computer > operating systems and Internet browsers software. [...] > Lucent will introduce a means for callers using standard telephones to > place calls via the Internet to callers at conventional phones or to > newer PC-based phones. > "We believe voice communications between Internet PCs is much more > valuable if those voice conversations can happen with people who have > telephones," Pavarini said. > Lucent officials said these new business-oriented products will become > commercially available beginning in the first quarter of 1997 in the > United States and be rolled out to selected overseas markets through > the second quarter of 1997. [...] > Copyright &copy 1996 Nando.net

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Malaysia ranting about the Internet
by E. Allen Smith 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Rack up another country likely to start censoring the Net (or trying to, at least). What degree of Internet connectivity does Malaysia have, anyway? > _________________________________________________________________ > Centura > _________________________________________________________________ > MALAYSIA SAYS WEST SPREADING SMUT AND VIOLENCE > __________________________________________________________________________ > Copyright &copy 1996 Nando.net > Copyright &copy 1996 Reuter Information Service > UNITED NATIONS (Sep 28, 1996 02:12 a.m. EDT) - Malaysia's prime > minister accused the West Friday of spreading smut and violence, > particularly on the Internet. And what, pray tell, is wrong with this? > In his speech to the U.N. General Assembly, Mahathir bin Mohamad said > that although the information age facilitated worldwide knowledge, it > also demeaned moral values. > "Smut and violence gratuitously distributed by criminals in the North > is no less polluting than carbon dioxide emissions nor less dangerous > than drug trafficking." All three of them things that probably shouldn't be limited, noticeably, and things that are classically used to discourage human freedom & progress. > In a reference to the United States he said if one great power could > apply its laws to citizens of another country for drug trafficking > "why cannot countries with different moral codes extradite the > traffickers of pornography for legal action?" > "Before the whole world sinks deeper into moral decay, the > international community should act. Abuse of the ubiquitous Internet > system must be stopped," he said. > Politically, he said the monopoly of the West's electronic media > should be broken on so-called world news networks. > "Not only are distorted pictures of our countries being broadcast but > our own capacity to understand what is happening is being undermined," > he said. Translation: people are finding out true information that local governments don't like - such as what goes wrong. > "In the past, Western missionaries spread the gospel. Today the media > has taken over and all our cherished values and diverse cultures are > being destroyed," he said. Translation: our culture that promotes censorship and other civil liberties violations is being destroyed. [...] > The prime minister also lashed out at U.N. forums where nations > lamented poverty, debt, human rights abuse, conflicts and war without > doing much about them. > "It is boring almost. And yet nothing much has been done which could > bring about amelioration of this sad state of affairs," he said. Translation: Give us money. > Copyright &copy 1996 Nando.net

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Another briefing in Atlanta on the NRC crypto report,... (fwd)
by Stanton McCandlish 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

CRYPTO typed: >From crypto(a)nas.edu Mon Sep 30 07:32:49 1996 Date: Mon, 30 Sep 96 10:26:00 EST From: "CRYPTO" <crypto(a)nas.edu> Encoding: 27 Text Message-Id: <9608308441.AA844104704(a)nas.edu> To: crypto(a)nas.edu Subject: Another briefing in Atlanta on the NRC crypto report,... Subject: Another briefing in Atlanta on the NRC crypto report, October 21, 1996 Cryptography's Role in Securing the Information Society A Public Briefing in Atlanta, Georgia Monday, October 21, 1996, 1:30-3:30 pm There will be a public briefing in Atlanta, Georgia by the National Research Council on this report. The briefing will be held at the Manufacturing Research Center on the campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology on Monday October 21, from 1:30 to 3:30. Dr. Herbert Lin, director of the NRC study will conduct the briefing. Questions from the audience will be entertained. For further information, please contact Dr. Myron L. Cramer (404) 894-7292, <myron.cramer(a)gtri.gatech.edu> at the Georgia Tech Research Institute. The event is open to the press and the public. Directions: From I-75/85 exit on Tenth Street and head West. Turn left on Hemphill Street and follow it to where it ends on Ferst Street. The Manufacturing Research Center is the modern building in front of you. Parking is limited; use public transportation or allow yourself extra time. If you have suggestions about other places that the committee should offer a public briefing, please send e-mail to crypto(a)nas.edu. -- <HTML><A HREF="http://www.eff.org/~mech"> Stanton McCandlish </A><HR><A HREF="mailto:mech@eff.org"> mech(a)eff.org </A><P><A HREF="http://www.eff.org"> Electronic Frontier Foundation </A><P> Program Director </HTML>

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Inflation-index bonds and private e-currency
by E. Allen Smith 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

One of the attractions of privately-produced currencies is as a hedge against inflation; this development may be a competitor to this idea. On the other hand, this setup does have an unavailability in _time_ of the money (more so than other, equal-security bonds of the same duration), which may offset its greater spendability. -Allen > BARRON'S Online - Market Surveillance for the Financial Elite > _________________________________________________________________ > Barron's > _________________________________________________________________ > CLINTON UNVEILING NEW GOVERNMENT BOND WITH INFLATION PROTECTION > __________________________________________________________________________ > Copyright &copy 1996 Nando.net > Copyright &copy 1996 The Associated Press > WASHINGTON (Sep 25, 1996 11:12 a.m. EDT) -- President Clinton, in his > latest election-year appeal to the middle class, is unveiling details > of a new type of government bond that will offer investors protection > against inflation. [...] > As the program was explained, the securities will protect the > principal against inflation, as measured by the consumer price index. > As an example, the official said, if inflation increases 3 percent in > a given year, a $1,000 bond would be adjusted upward to $1,030 at the > end of that year. > By offering this protection, interest rates on the bonds will be lower > than on regular 10-year notes that do not provide inflation > protection. [...] > The notion of tying government securities to inflation has not been > tried in the United States, but other countries have been offering > such investments for some time. > Such bonds have been available in Britain since 1981 and are also > offered in Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Israel and Sweden. > Copyright &copy 1996 Nando.net

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[NEWS] More internet-tax proposals
by E. Allen Smith 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

> _________________________________________________________________ > Centura > _________________________________________________________________ > INTERNET BEWARE: GOVERNMENTS ARE SMELLING A RICH NEW SOURCE OF TAXES > __________________________________________________________________________ > Copyright &copy 1996 Nando.net > Copyright &copy 1996 The Boston Globe > (Sep 25, 1996 8:06 p.m. EDT) If taxes are the price we pay for > civilization, the Internet is about to become a lot more civilized. > State and local governments are coming to see on-line computer > networks as a rich, new revenue source, and they want to cash in. > An official of the Massachusetts Department of Revenue said this month > on-line service providers that do business in the state should be > paying a 5 percent sales tax. Those who haven't been paying could face > audits, penalties and demands for back taxes. > The state of Tennessee has demanded on-line services doing business > there turn over their tax records and a count of how many customers > they have in the state. Cities in Texas and Colorado are considering > special on-line taxes. And a recent effort to slap a 6 percent tax on > Internet users in Tacoma, Wash., aroused so much public outrage that > city officials were forced to back off. > Many Internet experts agree that Internet taxes are inevitable. After > all, connecting computers to the Internet is now a $2 billion > business, and people use these networks to buy and sell millions of > dollars in goods and services. [...] > But some also fear the chaos that could result as 50 state governments > and thousands of cities and counties each make their own rules about > taxing computer networks and the transactions that occur on them. > The issue may be given new prominence, thanks to a surprising decision > by a major Internet service provider. In late August, Netcom On-Line > Communication Services Inc. began notifying its Massachusetts > customers the company would start adding the state's 5 percent sales > tax to its bills. Netcom typically charges $19.95 a month for a > personal Internet account, so the tax would amount to $1. Similar > notices were sent to Netcom customers in several other states, > including Illinois and Pennsylvania. > Did the taxing authorities in these states demand their money? Guess > again. Netcom has decided to begin paying the taxes voluntarily. > Thomas Weatherford, Netcom's chief financial officer, said its > accounting firm, Ernst & Young, warned them early this year that > Netcom might be liable for the taxes. [...] > So Netcom contacted state tax officials for clarification. Netcom's > 500,000 customers are scattered throughout the United States, but the > company is focusing on tax laws in Massachusetts and 14 other states > where most of its customers dwell. Weatherford said he still had > received no official word from Massachusetts, but Netcom attorneys had > concluded the company is subject to the state's telecommunication > sales tax. To play it safe, it will begin collecting the tax this > month. Remind me not to sign up with Netcom. > It's probably a smart move. At the Massachusetts Department of > Revenue, acting general counsel William Hazel told the Globe that > Netcom and every other on-line service provider should be paying the > sales tax. > "To the extent that folks are being charged for the ability to > telecommunicate through the Internet... that's taxable," he said. > This situation could change. The state has set up a legislative > commission to review its telecommunications tax policy, with a final > report due next year. But for now, Hazel said, Massachusetts wants its > money, including back taxes from up to seven years ago. Hazel said > some Internet access providers are paying the tax already. > But plenty of others are not. For example, Kristopher Hill, president > of NetWorx Internet Services Inc. in Newburyport, said he believed his > firm didn't have to pay sales tax in any of the dozen states in which > it operates. He wasn't thrilled to hear that he may be wrong. "If we > have to start dealing with Chicago tax law, that'll be a major pain in > my butt," he said. Chicago imposes a tax on telecommunications > services over and above the Illinois state tax. > Hill is even more annoyed by the prospect of being ordered to pay > years of back sales taxes in Massachusetts. He said state officials > never told Internet service providers they were liable for the money, > and to try to collect it now would be unfair. "We would sooner leave > the commonwealth than be subjected to seemingly arbitrary and > ill-defined taxes," Hill said. [...] > Netcom's Weatherford opposes taxes on Internet services but says if > his company pays voluntarily, tax officials should demand payment from > Netcom's competitors. That could mean trouble for America's 3,700 > Internet service providers, many of which are shoestring operations > that will have to set up tax collection procedures. Translation: Netcom is attempting to use regulations to shut down its competitors. > The fuss over Internet service taxes is just the beginning. Another > sticky controversy awaits: How do you tax sales of goods and services > over the Internet? [...] > And then there's the question of which government is entitled to > collect the tax. Say you log on to Ohio-based CompuServe, where you > buy a fruit basket from a firm in California and have it sent to your > mother in Chicago. Which state gets to collect tax on the transaction? > The experts say right now, the answer is unclear. If they think that's "unclear", wait until they start dealing with multinational transactions.... > But tax-hungry governments are hard at work trying to figure it all > out. According to KPMG Peat Marwick, sales of goods and services over > the Internet will reach $125 billion by the year 2000. One way or > another, governments intend to get their share. Note the typical biased phrasing. [...] > Copyright &copy 1996 Nando.net

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FRC's Cathy Cleaver bashes CDA ruling, online "anarchy"
by Declan McCullagh 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 30 Sep 1996 07:49:55 -0700 (PDT) From: Declan McCullagh <declan(a)well.com> To: fight-censorship(a)vorlon.mit.edu Subject: FRC's Cathy Cleaver bashes CDA ruling, online "anarchy" This is a wonderful article by the Family Research Council's Cathy Cleaver. Her stategy: Rant about porn, rant about children. But ignore that the Internet is not radio or television so different standards should apply. And ignore that another three-judge panel in NYC came to similar conclusions as the Philly ones did. Obviously, the largely Bush- and Reagan-appointed Federal judiciary has been brainwashed by computer geeks. Or perhaps the judges, unlike Ms. Cleaver, actually logged on once or twice. -Declan ************ http://www.frc.org/townhall/FRC/perspective/pv96i3pn.html CYBERCHAOS: NOT FIRST AMENDMENT'S PROMISE by Cathleen A. Cleaver, Esq. The Department of Justice has announced that it will appeal to the Supreme Court the recent Philadelphia federal court's ruling against the Communications Decency Act. That appeal is the right thing to do, and here's why. Not long ago I debated Bob Guccioni, publisher of Penthouse, on the merits of restricting computer pornography and the Philadelphia ruling. Not surprisingly, he was elated by the three-judge panel's decision to strike the indecency provisions, the effect of which was to give a computer pornographer more "free speech" rights than any other speaker in any other forum. For the first time in the history of our country, a porn purveyor may intentionally show sexually explicit pictures to a child without legal jeopardy -- provided the purveyor uses the Internet. First in line to challenge the CDA was, of course, the ACLU and its cyberclones, followed by CompuServe, America Online, and others with a huge financial stake in the unenforceability of the CDA, like Playboy and Penthouse. Guccioni may finally claim the consumer market share which he has heretofore been denied. Not only did the Philadelphia panel strike provisions prohibiting adults from posting sexually explicit materials in public areas of the Internet that children frequent -- like teen chat rooms -- but it also struck the prohibition on e-mailing a Penthouse centerfold (or the like) directly to a specific child who is known by the sender to be a child. In the words of the Department of Justice: "Never before in the history of telecommunications media in the United States has so much indecent (and obscene) material been so easily accessible by so many minors in so many American homes with so few restrictions." To say the ruling is flawed is a double understatement. Not only is the decision based on legal theories directly contrary to Supreme Court precedent and incorrect assumptions about the capabilities of Internet technology, but it is less a ruling than a trio of separate opinions. Each judge took his turn chiding Congress for daring to inhibit the liberty of cyberspace pioneers, however ruthless, in the interest of children and the greater cybercommunity. Highlights from the lengthy trilogy include conclusions that it is "either technologically impossible or economically prohibitive" to comply with the CDA, that the term 'indecent' is altogether too vague, and that, "just as the strength of the Internet is chaos, so the strength of our liberty depends upon the chaos and cacophony of unfettered speech." These conclusions defy fact, law, and logic, respectively. Given that some on-line pornographers currently screen and restrict children from their sites, it cannot be said that compliance is impossible. Moreover, new technology is being developed at dizzying speed to address a variety of Internet challenges, such as consumer transaction security and the protection of property rights of amateur musicians who exchange their songs, making it all the more evident that it is really lack of will and not ability which makes Internet advocates cry "foul." As to expense, this callous court complains about the economic burden the CDA would impose on distributors of pornography, while finding it good and proper for parents alone to incur the costs, however great, of protecting their children. Outside the sacred realm of cyberspace, distributors of pornography routinely incur expenses to shield children. To cite just one example, "blinder racks" must be purchased and installed at newsstands so that children do not see offensive sex magazine covers. This economic burden flows directly from the legal responsibility these distributors bear to shield this material from minors. Software blocking programs, on the other hand, are initially expensive for parents, need frequent updating (at considerable expense), are easily circumvented by computer-savvy kids, and are simply incapable of screening much of the pornography. Surfwatch, the leading software blocker, admitted in the CDA hearing to missing up to 800 sexually explicit sites each month! Moreover, it goes without saying that a software blocking program can only work on a family's home computer where it is installed. What happens when the kids go next door or, for that matter, to the public library? The American Library Association proclaimed in the Philadelphia court that, as a matter of solemn principle, it will never employ software screening programs in its libraries' computers -- not even when children use them. This to-hell-with-children sentiment is reflected by the judges and echoes throughout their opinions. Chief Judge Sloviter's opinion even concludes that for "content providers . . . to review all of their material" to determine which of it is sexually explicit is surely "a burden one should not have to bear." What? The content provider is in the best position to determine whether his material contains patently offensive depictions of sexual or excretory activities, and that is why our laws have always required him to do just that. The allocation of this burden to the speaker, as opposed to the consumer of the speech, not only carries the weight of unanimous legal precedent, but also has the benefit of being practical. It is virtually a truism to say that, as between speaker and consumer, the speaker is in the better position to know the content of his speech. Judge Sloviter would remove a reasonable burden from content providers and replace it with the enormous and nearly impossible burden on parents to first locate, then evaluate, and then block pornographic material in an effort to protect their children. Their quarrel with the indecency standard reveals that the judges are either ill-informed or ill-intentioned. An indecent communication is one "that, in context, depicts or describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards, sexual or excretory activities or organs." This definition has been consistently upheld in every case in which it has been reviewed, including at the Supreme Court, which, most recently in the cable pornography case of Denver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. FCC, held the standard to be "not impermissibly vague." As if to justify their awkward conclusion, the court lists as examples of "threatened" speech material which simply could not fall within the definition of indecency, such as discussions of recent movies or ancient Indian statues or articles about human rights violations. To serve their end, the judges conveniently, but not subtly, ignore the requirement that the materials be evaluated "in context." No court has ever construed this standard to encompass, without any consideration of context, all material of literary or artistic value that is somehow related to sexuality. Not to be topped, Judge Dalzell proclaims: "Any content-based regulation of the Internet, no matter how benign the purpose, could burn the global village to roast the pig." Really? What about fraud -- may we not protect consumers in cyberspace? May we not ban child pornography or enforce copyright violations on-line? Would these content-based regulations burn the village, too? If the First Amendment's promise to this new technology is indeed chaos and anarchy, then perhaps Judge Dalzell is right. But before we too quickly agree with this visionary from the federal bench, we ought to ask ourselves how we have survived and thrived as a democracy for two centuries upon the bedrock of ordered liberty, the enemy of chaos and anarchy. The Supreme Court ought to roundly denounce this federal panel's decision. To affirm it would be to rob our children of the opportunity to participate in this great new communications medium, or worse, to sacrifice them to perversions and excesses for the convenience and pleasure of the worst malefactors on-line -- in effect, to preserve the pornographers' new found sanctuary known as cyberspace. -- 9/9/96 Cathleen A. Cleaver, Esq. is Director of Legal Studies at the Family Research Council, a Washington, D.C.-based research and educational organization. Miss Cleaver has extensive experience in pornography litigation and legislation. ###

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e$: NSA Fluffy FUD?
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----BY SAFEMAIL----- I just got off the phone with a reporter who was interviewing me for a comment in the paper on Cybercash's "CyberCoin" mini-money protocol. My comment was that I hadn't paid much attention to it, because I figured it was yet another book-entry system, but, since he e-mailed me ahead of time, I went to look at their FAQ on the web, and, yup, sure enough, it was yet another book-entry system. :-). For the record, I have no problems with Cybercash, themselves. If anyone's going to do a book-entry system, it might as well be Cybercash. What? What about CyberCoin? Oh. Yeah. CyberCoin. Well, the best way I can figure, it's a transaction accumulator for either your credit card or debit card, like First Virtual does for small transactions, only it settles way much quicker, like less than 90 days. :-). On the privacy standpoint, it hides transactions from the merchant, which is cool, but not from the bank, which is not cool. What do you expect from a book-entry system? ;-). Cybercash at least makes no claims for anonymity, unlike other transaction systems who will remain nameless... Cybercash is at <http://cybercash.com> if you want more details. Almost as an afterthought, the reporter said that someone at the NSA had cranked out a for-public report, which he had just gotten a fax of, decrying the succeptability of digital bearer certificate issuers in general, digital cash issuers in particular, to rubber-hose attacks on their private keys. The "Print off a trillion dollars in digimarks, buddy, or we'll kill 'Fluffy', your cat, here..." scenario. Maybe we can call it a Fluffy-the-cat attack... The first time I heard of this old chestnut, of course, was from the lips of Nathaniel Borenstein, who was pushing First Virtual rather strenously at the time, as a solution to that problem, among others, up to, but not including, dandruff and world peace. This was before he invented the keyboard sniffer, so I was actually listening to him, in those days. :-). Now it seems the NSA has picked up the Nathaniel's fumbled ball and is running with it for all they're worth. Of course, the best way to deal with this from a technical standpoint is not technically, of course, but with a market model: one with lots of issuers, trustees, protocol designers, software developers, buyers and sellers, in one great big robust, happy, many-to-many competitive clusterfuck of digital commerce. Not to mention, of course, expiry dates on the digital bearer certificates itself. Anyway, has anyone *else* seen this apocryphal NSA paper yet? Is it on the web? I'm sure (he said, volunteering someone else's services unasked yet again) that someone like John Young would be interested in seeing that fax... So, the reporter asks, do I think that Citicorp should get into the business of issuing digital cash? Well, I guess not. Not according to the NSA, anyway, especially if John Reed has a cat named 'Fluffy'. Cheers, Bob Hettinga -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----BY SAFEMAIL----- Version: 1.0b3 iQCVAwUBMlBBLfgyLN8bw6ZVAQENFQP9HKP1TdH27b7e2oruWFK1uc/aALOWPPUy jU+zCS+xUgYwdTlFiI2+6xD/jiylU9Twf6rgX63NQ3JNl1rQhmVW8wIhArgbakkg 3/zxWeMJ+Bc/1N0t+XsHdB3MQ07HygaPyjKED73Exy2uO60XuY8Je2isM4fr2B4d 85OeDCb606Q= =61Gj -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "'Bart Bucks' are not legal tender." -- Punishment, 100 times on a chalkboard, for Bart Simpson The e$ Home Page: http://www.vmeng.com/rah/

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3rd European Assembly on Telework and New Ways of Working
by E. Allen Smith 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

From: IN%"rre(a)weber.ucsd.edu" 25-SEP-1996 00:10:23.83 From: Phil Agre <pagre(a)weber.ucsd.edu> X-URL: http://communication.ucsd.edu/pagre/rre.html X-Mailing-List: <rre(a)weber.ucsd.edu> archive/latest/1317 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= This message was forwarded through the Red Rock Eater News Service (RRE). Send any replies to the original author, listed in the From: field below. You are welcome to send the message along to others but please do not use the "redirect" command. For information on RRE, including instructions for (un)subscribing, send an empty message to rre-help(a)weber.ucsd.edu =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= Date: Tue, 24 Sep 1996 08:31:26 +0200 From: brennert(a)sun1.alpin.or.at (Barbara Rennert-Buchegger) [...] Preliminary Programme Telework '96 3rd European Assembly on Telework and New Ways of Working WORKING IN A WIDER EUROPE November 4 - 6, 1996, City Hall, Vienna, Austria organized by European Community Telework Forum (ECTF) in association with European Commission City of Vienna Federal Ministry of Science, Transports and the Arts Chamber of Labour of Vienna European Trade Unions Confederation Austrian Trade Unions Confederation --------------------------------------------------------------- Patronage Thomas KLESTIL - President of the Federal Republic of Austria Honorary Presidency Martin Bangemann - European Commission, Commissioner of DG XIII (Belgium) Rudolf SCHOLTEN - Federal Minister of Science, Transport and the Arts (Austria) Michael HAeUPL - Mayor of the City of Vienna (Austria) Hannes SWOBODA - Councillor for Urban Planning and Foreign Affairs (Austria) Assembly Co-ordinator Josef HOCHGERNER - Centre for Social Innovation, ECTF (Austria) Programme Chair Enrique de la SERNA - INNOVA Intl., ECTF (Italy) Christine GAUTHIER - CATRAL (France) Franz NAHRADA - Globally Integrated Village Environment, CSI (Austria) Assembly Steering Committee Katarina ALMQUIST - NUTEK/Assembly Co-ordinator 1997 (Sweden) Eduardo BARRERA CORTEZ - INMARK, ECTF (Spain) Karl BONOMEO - TeleVillage Bruck an der Leitung (Austria) Bruno BUCHBERGER - Softwarepark Hagenberg (Austria) Renate CZESKLEBA - Austrian Trade Union Confederation (Austria) Philippe DORIN - CATRAL (France) Charles GRANTHAM - ISDW & CSI (USA) Noel HODSON - SW 2000, ECTF (United Kingdom) Arnold KLOTZ - Planning Director of the City of Vienna (Austria) Brigitta MLINEK - Chamber of Labour of Vienna (Austria) Jack NILLES - JALA, ECTF (USA) Walter PAAVONEN - ECTF (Sweden) Andrew PAGE - ECTF (United Kingdom) Ingolf SCHAeDLER - Federal Ministry of Science, Transport and the Arts (Austria) Alain VEYRET - IDATE, ECTF (France) European Commission Peter JOHNSTON - DG XIII Maarten BOTTERMAN - DG XIII European Trade Unions Confederation (ETUC) Emilio GABAGLIO --------------------------------------------------------------- Organization European Community Telework Forum ECTF Austria Secretariat Center for Social Innovation CSI Hettenkofergasse 13 A-1160 Wien Tel. +43-1-495 04 42-41 Fax +43-1-495 04 42-40 eMail j.hochgerner(a)magnet.at ECTF International Secretariat Santa Cruz de Mercenado, 33 E-28015 Madrid Tel. +34-1-541 72 64 Fax +34-1-559 92 74 eMail eb.ectf(a)mad.servicom.es Conference Secretariat bco - j. breit congress organisation GmbH Lenaugasse 11/36 A-1080 Wien Tel. +43-1-403 28 20 Fax +43-1-406 77 52 eMail bco.breit(a)magnet.at ATTENTION: As of Monday, November 4, 1996, the conference secretariat will be located at the congress venue (City Hall). Hotel reservation and travel arrangements Austropa - Interconvention P.O.Box 30 A-1043 Wien Tel. +43-1-589 25-114 Fax +43-1-586 71 27 eMail austropa(a)oevb.co.at Telework '96 on the Web http://www.bco.co.at/bco/tw96/ The ECTF-HomePage on the Web http://www.agora.stm.it/ectf/ectfhome.html --------------------------------------------------------------- Preface Rudolf ScholtenFederal Minister of Science, Transport and the Arts The diffusion of telework is among the central phenomena characterizing the contemporary technical and economic developments at a global state. Faced with the restructuring of labour-markets and work, and witnessing the rapidity of innovation within the information society it is the task of the responsible analyst to consider the social impact of telework detached from either technological euphoria or resigned cultural pessimism. In parallel to the growth of a worldwide net and the trends toward the liberalisation of the telecom-markets the promotion of telework provides us with seductive visions: Among others there is the promise to harmonize classical antagonisms like those between urban and the rural areas or between work and leisure-time. Accordingly teleworkers may expect a sheltered life in the idyl of the village environment or the fond of the family whilst being mobile beyond national borders at the same time. There is the assumption that women in particular will no longer be threatened by breaks of their professional careers. Companies are expected to increase profits due to increased productivity and organisational innovation. Positive effects on the labour-market and the natural environment are likewise foreseen. No doubt telework bears chances for the future. Nevertheless, we should not forget to take possible disadvantages into account: For example, the mingling of work and private sphere, relevant for mere homebased work, can be a factor of increased individual mental stress. The creation of new patterns of work might be connected with the loss of old types of jobs. Tendencies toward individualisation and the decline of social solidarity might be intensified. Issues like labour legislation and the threatening decrease of social security urgently need to be discussed. If we were to describe the situation as an open game of chances and risks, a demand for creative policies to shape our future prospects positively and consciously gains evidence. This demand shall be met by "Telework 96": The exchange of experiences between science and policy-makers, industry and trade unions is organized not only in order to analyse the present situation, but also with a view of preparing solutions for the near future. "Working in a Wider Europe" may be read in a twofold way: as referring to an extension of individual life perspectives as well as a metaphor for the promotion of the process of the European integration, whereby the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) will be of particular interest. The use of advanced technology and traditional ways of decision-making can not be mentioned without referring to mechanisms of exclusion. In contrast, within and around "Telework 96" a wide range of events are organized for adressing various types of institutions and groups of special interest, including pupils, female workers, and persons in search of employment. Rudolf Scholten --------------------------------------------------------------- About the Assembly Focus: European integration, particularly Central and Eastern Europe; transnational standards for telework Main topics: Getting people to work; Training for life in the Information Society; Working towards sustainability Format: Scientific conference & political assembly & exhibition of applications and cases Participants: Leading international experts, practitioners, scientists, politicians, representatives from business, trade unions and public administration and NGO's Telework 96 provides the largest and most comprehensive platform to both observe and promote progress of teleworking in Europe. It is the lead event of the European Telework Week 1996 (ETW 96), which is held under the auspices of the European Commission (DG XIII) from November 4-11, 1996. It is called an "assembly" because of its composition comprising elements of a scientific conference with political debates and of a business exhibition as well. Companies, regional councils, telework pilots (e.g. tele-cottages) and other institutions are invited to participate in an exhibition which is open to the public. Conference meetings in plenaries and parallel sessions are open to experts and representatives of basicly five major societal players in the field: (1) Employers (companies, associations of industrialists, Chambers of Commerce) (2) Employees (Trade Unions, Shop Stewards, Chambers of Labour, associations of teleworkers) (3) Politics (from communal, regional, national to European and transnational level, particularly the Inter-Parliamentary Special Interest Group) (4) Science (experts and analysts of many kinds, consultants and researchers from private and public research centres, universities and international institutions) (5) NGO's (e.g. environmentalist groupings, women's organisations, youth groups). Public administration on municipal, regional, federal or European level of course also plays a role which may e.g. in one case appear in the area of politics or in another in that of the employers. In the overall format speakers of the assembly are selected and invited representatives of these groups. Participants of course will represent an even wider spectrum and will have in many regards concurrent and additional knowledge and experience in the themes the assembly deals with. Hence methods and procedures will be imposed to prevent the assembly from becoming a sort of closed shop where experts, known to each other quite well, tell experts what is the experts expertise. Instruments in this regard are: + Careful selection of speakers in the opening event (Monday evening), the plenaries and the parallel track sessions both on Tuesday and Wednesday. + Offering an "Open Forum (OF)" concerning the three main topics (track 1: Work, track 2: Training; track 3: Sustainability). This allows interested observers and participants to send in abstracts and posters about their work (be it in research, teleworking pilots, publishing etc.). These contributions will be taken care of by the scientific organizers in the following way: Besides the abstracts of the invited lectures contributions to the OF will be listed in the Preceedings; in each of the track sessions a discussion will be held on how to best publish and further proceed with these pools of knowledge; the "posters" will be exhibited, and the abstracts of written contributions will be distributed during the assembly; publication will be offered on the web (Telework 96 homepage) and a selection of the most relevant contributions will be printed after the event as "Proceedings 2" apart from the lectures of invited speakers ("Proceedings 1"). + The invention of a "Worker's Tele-Corner": A dedicated workplace in the conference area is connected to a server, bearing all the information brought in through the OF, allowing interested people from around the globe to share information on their teleworking experiences, needs and maybe marketable results. Further to that there will be links not only to the Telework 96 and ECTF homepages, but also to the ETW website http://www.eto.org.uk (e-mail: etw96-info(a)eto.org.uk) ACTS and Telematics projects networks, and various databanks (building up an "electronic environment" of Telework 96). + Teleconferencing between the major events within the assembly and other European conferences operated within the European Telework Week. + Arranging "additional events" in Vienna, stimulated by Telework 96 and being also integrated in the framework of the European Telework Week. + Allowing manyfold concertation meetings among telework oriented European research and development projects. Josef Hochgerner, Assembly Co-ordinator Vienna, June 1996 --------------------------------------------------------------- General Information Conference fee until September 30, 1996: Participants ATS 6.300,-- / 480,-- ECU Students ATS 2.000,-- / 155,-- ECU(Confirmation of the university has to be enclosed) Day Tickets ATS 4.000,-- / 310,-- ECU after September 30, 1996: Participants ATS 7.200,-- / 550,-- ECU Students ATS 2.400,-- / 185,-- ECU (Confirmation of the university has to be enclosed) Day Tickets ATS 4.000,-- / 310,-- ECU Reduced fees (e.g. for members of non profit organizations or participants from Central and Eastern Europe) are available on request.Press representatives: Please contact the conference secretariat to receive an accreditation. Fee includes Participation in all lectures and sessions, two lunches, coffee breaks, cocktail reception, programme, abstract book and proceedings. Evening reception Upon invitation by the Mayor of Vienna. Payment The fee is payable in international money order to: ECTF Austria - "Telework 96" Account Nr. 784 070 377 Bank Code 20151 Bank Austria, Box 35, A-1011 Vienna without charges for the beneficiary or enclose a cheque to your registration (ATS 2.500,-- maximum per cheque). Confirmation of registration only after receipt of payment! If you pay the fee per bank transfer after October 1, 1996 and do not receive a confirmation of registration, please bring a copy of the money transfer with you. Cancellations Cancellations made prior to October 1, 1996 will be charged 50% of the assembly fee (only written cancellations can be accepted). We regret that after this date no cancellations can be accepted. Exhibition In the course of the assembly an exhibition presents the most advanced technologies and services to support individuals and organi-zations who are already or wish to start teleworking. It will be open to the assembly audience as well as to the public. The exhibition will take place in the City Hall around the conference rooms. Information about participation is available at the conference secretariat. Poster Presentations and Contributions to the "Open Forum" Poster presentations and abstracts to the "Open Forum" will be accepted until September 30, 1996. Please use the abstract form for sending your submission. Poster size: Max. 90 cm width, 140 cm height. Only participants of the conference can present a poster. Poster presentation does not result into any reduction of the conference fee. Venue The Vienna City Hall ("Rathaus") is located in the heart of the city close to the "Ring". It can be reached by underground (U2, station "Rathaus") and tram (D, 1, 2, station "Rathausplatz, Burgtheater"). Languages Plenary sessions will be interpreted from and into German, English and French, the parallel sessions will be held in English. Badges Please note that the badges will be needed for access to all scientific and included social events of the conference. Parking In the area around the City Hall parking is only allowed for max. 90 minutes with a special ticket. It is recommended to park cars in one of the garages close to the congress venue. Airport The Vienna International Airport is located about 16 km from the city centre. >From the airport the city can be reached - by the airport bus (ATS 70,-- per person) to "City Air Terminal" at the Hotel Hilton - by Railway / "Schnellbahn" (ATS 34,-- per person) to the station "Wien Mitte" - by cab (ATS 400,-- - 600,-- per cab) Climate In November the weather in Vienna is cool, but usually not unpleasant. It is recommended to take warm clothes with you. --------------------------------------------------------------- Programme Monday, November 4, 1996 08.00 Registration 09.00 - 17.00 Concertation meetings of European projects on teleworking: 1) ACTS-Concertation Meeting of the GA Telework Chain, involving particularly DIPLOMAT (ACTS 10095, "The European Charter for Telework") and ETD (ACTS 10081, "European Telework Development"). Partners/representatives of other ACTS projects related to telework are invited to participate. 2) Telematics programme, particularly telework oriented TURA-projects ("Telematics for Urban and Rural Areas") will be invited to participate in a "trans-programme" communication to exchange experiences and further exploitation of results across the programmes. 3) Established contacts to DG V and the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions will lead to their presence in this meeting too; transfer of knowledge is enhanced among the DG's involved and projects started within the Community Initiatives (ADAPT, EMPLOYMENT). Particularly the High Level Expert Group of DG V ("Flynn Commission") is invited to participate. Meeting rooms and communication facilities are available to be arranged according to demand. The City of Vienna offers technical assistance to this meeting as well as regarding "Telework 96", because the municipality of Vienna itself participates in several European projects and took on the "Bangemann Challenge". Thus the informatics department will use the Telework Assembly as a demonstrator of its ability of networking and building an electronic environment for the conference. This will apply also to some of the additional events which will take place during the ETW, and secure permanence of information and communication technologies implementation (teleworking facilities) set up to enhance the success of Telework 96 and further achievements of the European Telework Week. 18.30 Welcome Cocktail Welcome Address: Andrew PAGE - President of the ECTF (United Kingdom) 19.30 Evening Opening Event "Tele-Future Without Work?" Rudolf SCHOLTEN - Federal Minister of Science, Transport and the Arts (Austria) Michael HAeUPL - Mayor of the City of Vienna (Austria) (R) Andrew MILLER - Member of the British Parliament (United Kingdom) Upon invitation by Telework 96 and the City of Vienna prominent speakers will present their view on the conference topics from various points. --------------------------------------------------------------- Programme Tuesday, November 5, 1996 PLENARY SESSION "European Dimensions of Teleworking" Moderation: Josef Broukal - ORF / Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (Austria) 09.00 - 09.20 Hannes SWOBODA - Councillor f. Urban Planning and Foreign Affairs (Austria) Cities and the new division of labour in Europe 09.20 - 09.40 Robert VERRUE - Europ. Commission, Director General of DG XIII (Belgium) European policies on telework 09.40 - 10.00 Discussion period 10.00 - 10.30 Etele BARATH - Member of the Hungarian Parliament (Hungary) Building the European Information Society - the Hungarian perspective 10.30 - 11.00 Shalini VENTURELLI - American University, Washington D.C. (USA) The policy design of the global Information Society Economic, political and cultural dimensions 11.00 - 11.20 Coffee Break 11.20 - 12.00 Keynote Address by Wouter VAN DIEREN - Institute for Environment and System Analysis (Netherlands) 12.00 - 12.30 Discussion period 12.30 - 14.00 Lunch Break Lunch will be served in the City Hall close to the conference rooms 14.00 - 18.00 TRACKS 1 - 3 (see following pages) 19.30 Evening reception upon invitation by the Mayor of Vienna Videoconference with representatives of Prague and Budapest and corresponding events within the European Telework Week. Cocktail reception: Specialities from Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic --------------------------------------------------------------- TRACK 1 GETTING PEOPLE TO WORK Tuesday, November 5, 1996 14.00 - 17.30 Wednesday, November 6, 1996 09.00 - 10.45 Restructuring national as well as international labour markets and unemployment will remain top political issues of the next years. Telework '96 will highlight the impact of telework and its legal aspects within new organisational frames of companies, strategic alliances, civic cooperation (NGO's) and private-public partnership. Transnational teleworking may weaken national power. Thus cultural borders and new balances will also appear in the scope of the conference. Co-ordinators: Renate CZESKLEBA - Austrian Trade Unions Confederation (Austria) Andrew MILLER - Interparliamentary Special Interest Group (United Kingdom) Preliminary List of Presentations and Contributions Eduardo BARRERA CORTEZ - INMARK, ECTF (Spain) Towards a European employment agency for teleworkers Willy BUSCHAK - European Trade Unions Confederation (Belgium) Xavier DARMSTAEDTER - President of the Belgian TeleWorking Association, Managing Director of Fischer & Lorenz Benelux (Belgium) Can telework generate employment? - The role of Teleworking Associations Ante JAMTLID - VINDUE (Sweden) / Nathalie FAY - ISDW (USA) Creating job opportunities by telework development joint venture Peter JOHNSTON - Europ. Commission, DG XIII, Head of Unit (Belgium) A Vision for 2010 Georg KAPSCH - Kapsch AG (Austria) Jens KITTELSEN - European Commission, DG V (Belgium) Nicole TURBE-SUETENS - Syntaxia (France) Telework and labour relations Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Ireland) European RTD-projects on teleworking (DIPLOMAT, ETD, DEMETER, MIRTI, TECODIS ...) Open Forum - Discussion --------------------------------------------------------------- TRACK 2 TRAINING FOR LIFE IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY Tuesday, November 5, 1996 14.00 - 17.30 Wednesday, November 6, 1996 09.00 - 10.45 New ways of teaching, learning, vocational training and continuous education are indispensable prereqisites of socially and economically desirable modes of teleworking. Main topics within this session will be interactive distance learning, knowledge bases and the use of intellectual capital. International links and networks of "virtual colleges" will become enhanced by Telework '96. Co-ordinators: Ina WAGNER - University of Technology (Austria) Noel HODSON - SW 2000 (United Kingdom) Preliminary List of Presentations and Contributions Brendan McCARTHY - Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne (Australia) Learning experiment on teleworking with students Andrew FRAYLING - Protocol Ltd. (United Kingdom) IPR - Intellectual property rights and the issues facing the teleworker Charles GRANTHAM - Institute for the Study of Distributed Work (USA) Using new ways of work to create intellectual capital Sigram SCHINDLER, Marc BUCHMANN - Teles GmbH Berlin (Germany) ICARE 9000: A Teletraining Platform for SME's to gain the ISO 9000 Certification Invited speaker of the University of Oxford (United Kingdom) Interactive Distance Learning (IDLE) in Oxford Johann GUeNTHER / Angelika VOLST - Donau University (Austria) TELEMACHOS: Teleuniversity for telematics management Commercial Training Centres Open Forum - Discussion --------------------------------------------------------------- TRACK 3 WORKING TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY Tuesday, November 5, 1996 14.00 - 17.30 Wednesday, November 6, 1996 09.00 - 10.45 Further implementation of tele-centres and urban telematics creates a new notion of community, both in cities and rural areas. This entangles a series of social issues and paradox interventions. A changing environment may evolve in the wake of the distribution of innovative forms of communication and transportation. Particularly regarding countries in CEE the eventual availability of "shortcuts to sustainability" will be addressed. Co-ordinators: Franz NAHRADA - Globally Integrated Village Environment/CSI (Austria) Katarina ALMQUIST - NUTEK (Sweden) Preliminary List of Presentations and Contributions Eric BRITTON - EcoPlan International (France) Sustainability - from thought to action Mats ENGSTROeM, Walter PAAVONEN - Nordplan (Sweden) Sustainable principles for working organizations Michael ERTEL (Germany) Health and safety aspects of teleworking Maria FISCHER-KOWALSKI - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Continuing Education (Austria) Societal Metabolism Michel GIRAUD - Isle de France Neighbourhood Offices Network (France) Distance working - An asset for sustainable development? Reza KAZEMIAN - University of Stockholm (Sweden) Telematics on the societal and spatial structures of cities and their hinterlands A Project for sustainable location design Robert PESTEL - European Commission (Belgium) Sustainability in the information society? F.J. RADERMACHER - Forschungsinstitut fur anwendungsorientierte Wissensverarbeitung (Germany) Stable paths into a sustainable world Open Forum - Discussion --------------------------------------------------------------- Programme Wednesday, November 6, 1996 09.00 - 10.45 Continuation of Tracks 1 - 3 09.00 - 10.45 Parallel Meeting of the European Inter-Parliamentary Special Interest Group 10.45 - 11.00 Coffee Break PLENARY SESSION Moderator: Marion FUGLIEWICZ - Communications Consultant (Austria) 11.00 - 12.00 Reports from Tracks 1 - 3 and the Inter-Parliamentary Special Interest Group 12.00 - 12.30 Discussion period 12.30 - 14.00 Lunch Lunch will be served in the City Hall close to the conference rooms 14.00 - 16.00 Round Table Discussion: Political Implications Representative of the Austrian Government Ines UUSMAN - Minister of Transport and Communication (Sweden) European Ministers for Telecom, Work and Social Affairs Representatives of Central and Eastern European Countries Fritz VERZETNITSCH - President of the European Trade Unions Confederation Senior Industrialists European Parliament High Level Expert Group of DG V European Commission Opera, Theater or Concert tickets for your last evening in Vienna On request Austropa Interconvention provides opera, theater or concert tickets. Programmes are available one month in advance. Tickets can be confirmed the earliest 1 month prior to the performance. Prices depend on the seat category and cast. Ticket prices for the Viennese State Opera range from ATS 350, to ATS 2300,, for Musicals from ATS 310, to 1200,, for concerts and other plays from ATS 300, to 850, plus 25% per ticket advance booking fee. On November 6, 1996, tickets are available for: Vienna State Opera - Stifelio by Giuseppe Verdi - Carreras, Zampieri, Bruson Please note: Due to this special performance tickets will not be available at regular rates (supplement of approx. 40-50%). We have to point out that for this performance only a very small number of tickets will be available. Volksoper: Land des Laechelns by Franz Lehar Musicals: Theater an der Wien: Elisabeth (in German) Raimund Theater: Beauty and the Beast (in German) --------------------------------------------------------------- Additional Events >From Wednesday, 6th of November, onwards a series of relevant workshops, discussions, professional assemblies and promotion activities about teleworking will take place to address a broad local public . These events will be organized by institutions (e.g. Trade Unions or the Chamber of Commerce, schools), existing tele-centres and tele-houses or companies, associations and NGO's, addressing pupils, female workers, unemployed, and people who are looking for new jobs or alternatives to their current working situation. Preliminary List of additional events of Telework 96 Austrian Network of Women (Oesterreichisches Frauennetzwerk) - Workshop "Women on the Data-Highway" Trade Union of Service Industries (Gewerkschaft der Privatangestellten, GPA) - p.r. activities for collective and in-company agreements on Teleworking Telecentre Autokaderstrasse, Vienna - Open House Telecentre of Kapsch AG, Vienna - Open House Ericsson - Open House Federal Ministry of Education/Educational Council of Vienna - Essay Competition among pupils Tele-House Ltd. of Lower Austria - Local Demonstrators Telecentre Bruck - Planning Workshop Telecentre Hermagor - Planning Workshop Telecentre Pinkafeld - Planning Workshop --------------------------------------------------------------- Accompanying Persons' Programme (Optional Tours) Vouchers for optional tours will be handed over to the participants/accompanying persons at the AUSTROPA INTERCONVENTION DESK. AUSTROPA INTERCONVENTION reserves the right to cancel tours should the minimum number of people not be reached. Tuesday, November 5, 1996 City Tour: "Historic Vienna" including a visit to the Schoenbrunn Palace Departure from the Rathaus at 9 AM, duration approx. 3 This tour gives an overall view of the city and also leads to some prominent sights. Driving along the Ringstrasse, a circular boulevard of 4 kilometers, which was built during mid last century, one can see many impressive buildings, such as the State Opera, the Burgtheater, various Museums, the Parliament, the City Hall and the University. The highlight of the tour is the visit to the Schoenbrunn Palace, the summer residence of the Austrian Emperors. Price per person, incl. bus tour, guide and entrance fee ATS 320, Minimum of 25 people per bus Excursion: "Kahlenberg - Klosterneuburg" Departure from the Rathaus at 2PM, duration approx. 3 hours On the way to the Danube the bus drives through the north eastern part of the city offering a magnificent view of the hills surrounding Vienna, the so called "Wienerwald". Via the scenic route and passing through some well-known Heurigen villages, you reach the Kahlenberg. This lookout offers a good view of the entire city. The bus tour continues to Klosterneuburg, the first residence of the Babenberg family in the area of Vienna during the early medieval times. The most prominent site to visit is the Abbey of the Augustinian Friars, founded before 1108. The unique romanesque Verdun Altar with its 51 enamelled tablets by Nikolaus von Werden, dated 1181, is the most valuable piece of art in the abbey. Price per person, incl. bus tour, guide and entrance fees ATS 290, Minimum of 25 people per bus Wednesday, November 6, 1996 Arts and Crafts in Vienna Departure from the Rathaus at 9.30AM, duration approx. 2 The "Augarten" Porcelain Manufactory was established in Vienna as early as 1718. Many of the common designs still have their origin in the times of Empress Maria Theresia who recognized the importance of creative craftsmanship for economy. You will be guided through the production area and the adjacent showroom. The Museum of Applied Arts, recently renovated, houses a large collection of furniture, glass and objects for daily use from baroque times to the beginning of the 20th century. Particularly interesting are cutlery, jewellery etc. by Kolo Moser, all types of chairs by the Thonet Brothers and designs by Josef Hofmann. Price per person, incl. bus tour, guide and entrance fees ATS 320, Minimum of 25 people per bus Imperial Vienna: Treasury and Imperial Burial Vault Meeting place: Rathaus at 2PM, duration approx. 2 The treasury is the oldest part of the Hofburg, mentioned already in the 13th century and contains a display of priceless treasures that bears witness to the former imperial power: insignias and jewels over a thousand years old of the Roman-German Empire and the treasury of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Afterwards, visit of the Imperial Burial Vault, where more than 130 Habsburgs were burried, among them 12 emperors and 16 empresses. The design of the coffins shows the change in the comprehension of arts over three centuries. Price per person, incl. guide and entrance fees ATS 250, Minimum of 15 people per group Tours are subject to change. --------------------------------------------------------------- Hotel and Travel Arrangements Austropa-Interconvention, Oesterreichisches Verkehrsburo AG, has been entrusted by the organising committee to handle all hotel reservations and asks all participants, to reserve rooms with the enclosed hotel reservation form only. The exact indication of arrival and departure dates, as well as the desired hotel category is necessary. Please make your selection of hotel category according to the following list. Should the requested category not be available anymore, a booking in the next higher category will be made. All prices quoted are per night, per room and include daily breakfast, service charges and all taxes. 1. Category A**** Deposit ATS 2.000, per room Single room ATS 980, to ATS 1.600, Double room ATS 1.450, to ATS 2.360, 2. Category B *** Deposit ATS 1.500, per room Single room ATS 650, to ATS 980, Double room ATS 990, to ATS 1.380, 3. Pension - Category B*** Deposit ATS 1.000, per room Single room ATS 650, Double room ATS 1.100, to ATS 1.290, All rooms with bath or shower and toilette. Please book your hotel before September 30, 1996 Methods of payment for hotel deposits and optional tours Please send a cheque or money order together with the hotel accommodation booking form to Austropa Interconvention, P.O.Box 30, A-1043 Vienna, Austria, or make a bank transfer FREE OF BANK CHARGES to the AUSTROPA account no.: 0035-14775/00 at the Creditanstalt-Bankverein, Vienna, bankcode 11.000. All payments are to be made in Austrian Schillings (ATS). Please do not forget to indicate the name of the participant and the purpose of payment. After the receipt of your deposit we will send you a hotel voucher, indicating the name and exact address of the hotel booked. Kindly inform Austropa Interconvention immediately of any changes in the dates of arrival or departure and in case of cancellation. For cancellations up to one week prior to arrival, a handling fee of ATS 300, per booking will be charged. Afterwards, no more refunds of hotel deposits will be possible. --------------------------------------------------------------- All inclusive Flight Arrangements Austropa Interconvention in cooperation with Austrian Airlines and other IATA carriers offers the participants of the "TELEWORK '96 Congress" all inclusive flight arrangements. These arrangements include the following services: Economy class return ticket on regular flights, 20 kg (44 lbs) baggage allowance, 5 nights accommodation in a double room with bath/shower/WC of hotels in the 3*** category, buffet breakfast, service charges, taxes, transfer from the airport to the hotel and vice versa. All airport taxes are INCLUDED. For participants, travelling alone, please add the single room supplement as listed below. Booking deadline: September 30, 1996. Payment: Please note, that your ticket can be issued only after receipt of full prepayment. Tickets will be mailed to participants after September 30, 1996. Cancellation policies: In case of cancellation or changes before September 30, 1996, Austropa Interconvention will charge a handling fee of ATS 1.000, per person. For cancellations after September 30, 50% of the total cost of the flight arrangement will be charged to the participant. Changes of flight dates are not possible after September 30. All cancellations and changes have to be made in writing. Flight dates: Arrival in Vienna: November 2, 1996 Departure from Vienna: November 7, 1996 If you wish to book different dates or destinations than indicated, please contact Austropa Interconvention. All prices are in Austrian Schillings and are based on ticket prices and exchange rates per January 1996. Prices are subject to changes. Sunday rule applies. Place of Dep *** Hotel Rom 9.785,-- Paris 9.975,-- London 8.295,-- Madrid 10.745,-- Lissabon 11.080,-- Genf 9.540,-- Zurich 9.025,-- Kopenhagen 9.930,-- Amsterdam 9.960,-- Stockholm 10.480,-- Helsinki 12.285,-- Hamburg 11.925,-- Dusseldorf 11.523,-- Frankfurt 10.385,-- Stuttgart 10.015,-- Munchen 8.685,-- Berlin 10.530,-- Dresden 9.965,-- Leipzig 9.965,-- Bremen 12.970,-- Munster 12.645,-- Friedrichshafen 13.530,-- Single room supplement for 5 nights, Hotel *** ATS 800,

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the theory of split currency
by James A. Donald 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Fred Foldvary <ffoldvar(a)jfku.jfku.edu> wrote: > Is there a name for a dual or split currency, in which > there is one currency for domestic use and another, different > appearing, currency for foreign usage? > > Does anyone know of any country which has had such a > split currency? Many third world nations employed this system, one currency for internal use only, and one currency for international transactions. The international currency was sometimes denominated in hard currency, and reasonably convertible into it. This strategy was frequently associated with police state tactics, lawless imprisonment, and swift execution, for vaguely defined economic crimes. It has become substantially less common in the nineties. The external currency tended to spread into the internal economy, despite police state measures to prevent this from happening, and the internal currency tended to become worthless and could only be spent while holding a gun to the head of the person accepting it. In countries employing this system, women, and often children of both sexes, are often cheaply available for sexual purposes if you have foreign currency. I speculate that this is because people find that they *must* obtain foreign currency, the internal currency being unspendable, and any method available to them for obtaining foreign currency is a criminal offense. A retreat from this system, usually by allowing the international currency to freely penetrate the internal economy, tends to be associated with a substantial reduction in the availability of young girls, as for example in Cuba recently. > This scenario is not entirely hypothetical. I have read that > Senator Patrick Leahy introduced Senate Bill #307 to create > such a split currency. Why am I not surprised that it was Senator Patrick Leahy of crypto bill fame? --------------------------------------------------------------------- | We have the right to defend ourselves | http://www.jim.com/jamesd/ and our property, because of the kind | of animals that we are. True law | James A. Donald derives from this right, not from the | arbitrary power of the state. | jamesd(a)echeque.com

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Unsubscribing
by cybergod＠nfx.net 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

How do I unscribe? Thank you ver much.. PGP Encrypted Messages Perfered: -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: 2.6.2 mQCNAzJQQgQAAAEEAOqOH/P/h9xWHxUb0309CWY1094F+HE+/medDnYA8jNJ+I1m obwHXAiCtwRGy3skXVs3rjZDGMINZMcCSA4N+TCUMspvvB6qX8EwJMzRPduj2eHV vHlVYGr42kOb41UH37sFWAd1ppPXVyvV4qNfRG5+tnzoXLRFlOD0x6ZUXpDxAAUR tCNSdXNzZWxsIFMuIEFsYmVlIDxjeWJlcmdvZEBuZngubmV0Pg== =hNsw -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- PGP Encrypted Messages Perfered: -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: 2.6.2 mQCNAzJQQgQAAAEEAOqOH/P/h9xWHxUb0309CWY1094F+HE+/medDnYA8jNJ+I1m obwHXAiCtwRGy3skXVs3rjZDGMINZMcCSA4N+TCUMspvvB6qX8EwJMzRPduj2eHV vHlVYGr42kOb41UH37sFWAd1ppPXVyvV4qNfRG5+tnzoXLRFlOD0x6ZUXpDxAAUR tCNSdXNzZWxsIFMuIEFsYmVlIDxjeWJlcmdvZEBuZngubmV0Pg== =hNsw -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

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