- cypherpunks-legacy - lists.cpunks.org

Tim plans to kill a federal judge
by Tim May 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 3:43 PM -0700 11/13/97, Neva Remailer wrote: >Robert Hettinga wrote: >>> If Tim and others fail to exercise their right to say what they >>> believe, then it is likely those rights will be suspended in due >>> time. >> >>Like I said before, it makes sense, but not because Foucault said >>it. Broken clocks, and all that. Besides, Monty, I hate appeals to >>authority almost as much as I hate ad honminae. I just saw this, courtesy of Monty's reply. This is really rich. Hettinga hates "ad hominae." This from the guy who started this latest flame war with such choice phrases as: "Tim's Way Cool Latter-Day Farnham's-Freehold in the Santa Clara mountains.... a bunch of "freedom fighters" like the one you fancy yourself to be these days... instead of shoving your favorite Mac-10 up the nose of every statist treehugger you bump into out there in lotusland.... you won't have to clean the snot off the end of your gunbarrel so often..." Hettinga, heal thyself. A comment or two on the rest of what Monty is saying: >Are you asking me to use Foucault's line without giving him credit? >That doesn't seem right to me. > >Foucault's essay was insightful and significantly influenced my point >of view. Not only does he deserve the credit, but mentioning his name >may direct other interested readers toward his work. > >BTW, how much of Foucault have you actually read? I am generally >unfamiliar with his work, but I have a sinking feeling the same can be >said for certain of his critics. > >It is easy to give French intellectuals a cursory reading and conclude >that there is nothing there. However, often there is quite a lot of >something there, but it comes from people with a different >intellectual tradition than our own so it is harder to understand. An >apparently absurd sentence is often a reference to a body of work with >which we are not familiar. By the way, the same can be said about the work of Heidegger, a thinker who has had some influence on me. Whenever I cite anything Heidegger ever said, I can count on some numbskull to parrot the "Heidegger was a Nazi" shtick. (These same kind of folks use to automatically label anything Nietzsche said as tainted because of the Nazi's later affinity for some of his works, but the "rehabilitation" of Nietzsche has been largely successful, and N. is of course now a hero of the Left. Whatever. Nietzsche was of course neither a leftist nor a rightist...he was just who he was.) Hettinga has admitted basic ignorance of Foucault, just as he backpedalled furiously on the "Aurora" claims he made. (about Hettinga's repeated, and loud, claims in recent days that I have called for the death of a federal judge) >Tim has repeatedly made it clear to the world that this was not his >meaning. What is your purpose in declaring otherwise? > Hettinga shows his true colors by repeating these lies over and over again. I would not be at all surprised if he has forwarded carefully excerpted fragments to his friendly FBI offices, hoping they'll make a move to investigate me. >In every other instance in which Tim has discussed capital punishment, >it has been in the context of a trial. > >If OJ had committed a brutal murder in a state without the death >penalty, say Massachusetts, and Tim said "OJ is guilty of a capital >crime", would you conclude that he was calling for his murder? > I have, over the years, expressed my constitutional opinion about many people whom I think have committed capital crimes. OJ, of course. And Lon Horiuchi, the shooter at Ruby Ridge. And, if you check the archives, Tim McVeigh. Fact is, many people have committed capital crimes. And I don't particularly feel like paying my share of the $50-100K a year to keep them well fed and housed at Club Fed, so I'd just as soon spend a quarter on a rifle round and be done with them. I don't have a clue who "Monty Cantsin" is, but his clear thinking makes it kind of a shame he will remain a nym forever, unless he declares himself. (No one, not even Vinge or Card, ever said nyms would carry the same reputation capital True Names do. Maybe someday. But not in the foreseeable future.) >Clearly that would not be reasonable. So why do you feel the meaning >changes when "OJ" is substituted for "The judge"? Perhaps you harbor >latent urges to murder our public officials and wish to draw attention >from yourself by pointing the finger at Tim. You seem to be talking >about it more than anybody else. > Indeed. Hettinga keeps quoting this "Tim plans to kill a federal judge" mantra so much that I'd better rename the thread to this just to keep Hettinga happy. There, it's done. >Incidentally, it is well documented that in the 1980s, the USG had >detailed plans for mass arrests of dissident citizens. Ten army camps >had been selected for this purpose. The plan was to be executed in >the event the country invaded Nicaragua. The USG has incarcerated >masses of U.S. citizens without trial at least twice during the 20th >century. > Yep. And to show that I am not the jingoist Ito presumes I am, arresting and imprisoning those of Japanese descent without due process was, of course, a capital crime. Had I been a Japanese-American, deprived of my liberty for several years, with no evidence that I had committed a crime, and with my property forfeited to the government (often for failure to pay taxes--duh!!!!), I'd have advocated the death penalty for those who falsely imprisoned me and stole my land. But most Jap immigrants were wimps. .... >Perhaps it is your turn to crack open a book and find the reference. >I would be quite interested (and surprised) if you can substantiate >your claim. Hettinga doesn't bother with research. He just shoots from the hip. He concentrates on _style_ over substance. Must be his liberal arts training. --Tim May The Feds have shown their hand: they want a ban on domestic cryptography ---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---------:---- Timothy C. May | Crypto Anarchy: encryption, digital money, ComSec 3DES: 408-728-0152 | anonymous networks, digital pseudonyms, zero W.A.S.T.E.: Corralitos, CA | knowledge, reputations, information markets, Higher Power: 2^2,976,221 | black markets, collapse of governments. "National borders aren't even speed bumps on the information superhighway."

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Fwd: RNC/Lister's Calls Marines "Dangerous", "Extremists"
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text From: <Somebody> Date: Fri, 14 Nov 1997 14:20:08 -0500 (EST) To: rah(a)shipwright.com, <A bunch of other people...> Subject: Fwd: RNC/Lister's Calls Marines "Dangerous", "Extremists" I'm sure you all saw this in the newspapers and on TV. The media were on it like... like..., well, like media in pursuit of Democrats. I don't know why I thought of <one of above bunch> Re: Br'er Tim.... I was sure Bob's mother taught him better than to get into a pissing match with the business end of a sewer. <Somebody's .sig> --------------------- Forwarded message: From: shenry2(a)ix.netcom.com (Sean Henry) Sender: PRESSLIST(a)rnc.org (RNC Press List) Reply-to: shenry2(a)ix.netcom.com (Sean Henry) To: PRESSLIST(a)BRONZE.RNC.ORG (Multiple recipients of list PRESSLIST) Date: 97-11-13 16:29:57 EST RNC News Release November 13, 1997 Nicholson Calls On Assistant Army Secretary To Step Down Lister Calls Marines "Dangerous," "Extremists" Republican National Committee Chairman Jim Nicholson today called on Assistant Secretary of the Army Sara E. Lister to resign her position, following a speech in which she referred to U.S. Marines as "extremists," and "a little dangerous." "It's astonishing that Secretary Lister has chosen to denigrate the Marine Corps, and it is absolutely unacceptable to have a person with this kind of mindset in a position of power at the Pentagon," Nicholson said. "For the good of the morale of America's Armed Forces, she should publicly apologize and resign immediately." Lister, one of President Clinton's Pentagon appointees, told a panel of academics and military personnel at Harvard University's Olin Institute in Baltimore on October 26, that "The Marines are extremists. Wherever you have extremists, you've got some risks of total disconnection with society. And that's a little dangerous." "These 'extremists' have fought and died for our country for more than two centuries," Nicholson said, noting that the Marine Corps celebrated its 222nd anniversary November 10. "Service secretaries are supposed to support our men and women in uniform, not publicly degrade their valor. Her remarks serve as evidence of her ignorance about what it takes to assemble and maintain an effective fighting unit." Nicholson, a retired Army colonel, Army Ranger in Vietnam and West Point graduate, said Lister's comments are reflective of what he called the Clinton Administration's anti-military attitude. "Bill Clinton wrote that he 'loathed' the military and he's apparently appointed people who share his anti-military view," Nicholson said. Rising tensions between the U.S. and Iraq also demonstrate the need for effective military leadership. "A person with such a negative attitude toward the patriots who serve in uniform has no business in any military organization," Nicholson said. "With this administration contemplating the use of military force in response to Saddam Hussein's lawless arrogance, it is inexcusable for the Assistant Secretary of the Army to insult the very men and women who would be on the front lines." (Visit http://www.rnc.org for the latest news and information) --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) Philodox e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' The e$ Home Page: http://www.shipwright.com/ Ask me about FC98 in Anguilla!: <http://www.fc98.ai/>

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Re: What cypherpunks used to be
by nobody＠REPLAY.COM 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

evolve or die

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Clinton on Forces of Destruction and Illicit Arms
by John Young 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Excerpt from the President's remarks to the Democratic National Committee in Sacramento this afternoon: ... But the most likely problems -- there are a couple little babies in this audience, or there were today, and some children -- the most likely problems these children will face when they come of age will be problems that cross national borders -- terrorism, organized crime and drug running, the spread of weapons of mass destruction, chemical and biological weapons and maybe small-scale nuclear weapons. This much nuclear cake put in a bomb would do ten times as much damage as the Oklahoma City bomb did. The spread of environmental problems or diseases across national lines -- we are going to have to, in other words, find ways to cooperate, to keep the organized forces of destruction that are taking advantage of the Internet, the technological revolution, the freedom of travel and the freedom of movement, access to computers and moving money around and all that -- there will always be organized forces of destruction. That is fundamentally what is at stake in the stand off we're having in Iraq today. I don't want you to look at this backward through the prism of the Gulf War and think it's a replay. I want you to look at it forward and think about it in terms of the innocent Japanese people that died in the subway when the saran gas was released; and how important it is for every responsible government in the world to do everything that can possibly be done not to let big stores of chemical or biological weapons fall into the wrong hands, not to let irresponsible people develop the capacity to put them in warheads on missiles or put them in briefcases that could be exploded in small rooms. And I say this not to frighten you. The world will always have challenges. I think the chances are quite good that we can organize ourselves for this challenge and deal with it very effectively. I personally believe that the next 50 years will be far more peaceful and less dangerous for our children and our grandchildren than the last 50 years were. I also believe they will be the most prosperous and interesting time in all of human history -- but only if we do the right things. ... From: http://library.whitehouse.gov/ThisWeek-plain.cgi ---------- For more on the US ban of assault weapons and the US and Mexico's convention to fight illicit arms trafficking, signed yesterday: http://jya.com/piat111597.htm

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No Subject
by bureau42 Anonymous Remailer 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

15 Nov 97 at 0:45, Anonymous wrote: > Tim May writes: > >At 10:55 AM -0700 11/14/97, Anonymous wrote: > > > >>If you don't speak up when someone says something objectionable, > >>you are implicitly condoning it. Silence gives consent. No it does not. Silence may mean you are to appalled to even post! > >>How many > >>people have objected to Tim May's racist comments? Only one or > >>two. How many objected when William Geiger suggested that more > >>nuclear bombs should have been dropped on Japan? Maybe the little marine was right about that. > >through my archived mail), along the lines of: "I fully expect to > >wake up some morning and hear that some terrorist nuke has > >destroyed Washington, D.C. I can't say I'll be crying." > > Try this: > > : To: cypherpunks(a)algebra.com > : From: Tim May <tcmay(a)got.net> > : Subject: Snickering at the Compromisers > : Date: Mon, 12 May 1997 16:03:37 -0800 > : > : For the 3rd or 4th time, I have never advocated terrorism, at > least not of : a physical sort. I have said I hope to see D.C. > nuked, which is hardly the : same as "advocating" terrorism in any > meaningful sense > You admit here that you've said you hope to see D.C. nuked. > > Do you really hope that D.C. gets nuked? Do other list readers > agree? No way. But I feel, at times, it's bad enough to be *reading* that stuff let alone posting about it! > How many people would this kill? Over half a million live in > the city proper, with millions more in the surrounding areas. You > have now said that you would hope to see many of these millions of > people killed. I think "nuke DC" has become almost a turn of the phrase, these days. > It is this kind of support for depraved violence which has poisoned > discourse on this mailing list. It is unconscionable to support > such an act of cold-blooded terrorism. > > You're not even the worst. Other posters have supported this kind > of sickening violence even more openly. No one complains. OK. Here I go. I come down on the complaining side. > Apparently everyone with an ounce of moral sense has left the list > long ago. Nope. Just lurking. > >>At one time the cypherpunks stood for freedom of speech and > >>protection of privacy. Today they stand for guns, violence, > >>threats of terrorism and murder, racism, homophobia, jingoism. Those things all go hand in hand. > >I've been here since the beginning...since before the beginning, > >actually. And I can tell you that the "political incorrectness" was > >the same in 1992-4 as now. Perhaps you recall a little thing called > >Waco that happened around that time? Go back and read the traffic. I first signed on in 1994. > You seem to think that the only problem with Waco is that the wrong > innocents were killed. You have no problem taking out innocents in > Washington D.C. if it lets you get at your enemies. You are no > different from the agents who killed the men, women and children in > Waco. You have no right to set yourself apart from them. You are as > ruthless and violent as the worst of them. > > This list reeks of death and violence. Apparently there is no > problem which can't be solved by killing. Kill the innocents of > D.C. Kill the children in the day care center in Oklahoma City. > Drop more bombs on Japan. Cheer the cold-blooded murder of a > government agent. Kill the children who scrawl graffiti on your > mailbox. Well, I used to say Kill Them All And Let God Sort Them Out back when I was in the military. NoMongerHere

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Re: Jim Bell's Mug Shot
by Blanc 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

John Young wrote: >Jim Bell's mug shot from US News (and mine): > > http://jya.com/jbjy.jpg ............................................. Well, John, this is kind of amusing - why in the world did you put your photos together? You could become confused as being associated, you know. .. Blanc

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No Subject
by bureau42 Anonymous Remailer 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Mark Koernke "Mark of Michigan" Arrested Today by WebToday Staff Writers November 14, 1997 Mark Koernke (aka "Mark of Michigan") was arrested on Friday, November 14, 1997. A warrant for his arrest was issued on November 7 in Washteneau County for aggravated assault for allegedly beating up process server Roger Gainer while being served with a summons by the defense lawyers of John Stevenson. Stevenson had plead guilty of being an accessory after the fact in the murder last year of William "Bill" Gleason in Hillsdale, Michigan. More charges are expected to be filed against Korernke and other individuals in the ongoing investigation of the Gleason murder which is often referred to as "the Hillsdale murder." Richard Champion (aka Carl Miller) was arrested two weeks ago for failure to respond to a subpoena but has since bonded out of jail. Bond was set at $22,000. Bill Gleason was reportedly one of Mark Koernke's bodyguards. Both were members of the U. S. Militia. Neither Koernke nor Gleason were ever members of the Michigan Militia Corps Wolverines (MMCW). The MMCW, headquartered in Muskegon, Michigan and is led by Commander Lynn Jon Van Huizen. It is believed to be the largest militia group in Michigan and perhaps the largest in the U. S. Koernke is a resident of Dexter, Michigan and works for the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He is known for his "American in Peril" video and is a shortwave radio commentator. -------------------------------------------------------------------- This is confirmed as I spoke with John Statdmiller personally 10 minutes ago. Mark Koernke was arrested a few hours ago. Charges are felony firearms possession.Local County prosecuter bringing the charges is Donald Ray of the 14th District. His office number is 313 971 0078 Mark is scheduled for arraignment at 2PM Eastern Time

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PGPsdk is now free for non-commercial use
by phelix＠vallnet.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Well, PGP has come to it's senses and is allowing non-commercial developers to use the sdk for free. I didn't notice anything too ominous in the license agreement, and they promise a new licensing/prices for shareware and small commercial developers. Perhaps nobody is buying the sdk at it's current highly inflated licensing price. http://www.pgp.com/sdk/noncomm.cgi -- Phelix

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PGPsdk and freeware developers
by phelix＠vallnet.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

I just had a thought. How does a freeware developer in the US distribute a program that uses PGPsdk? Would one have to set up an export-controlled web site to make sure them 'bad' foreigners don't get it? -- Phelix

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States in the Constitution
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

The Constitution: To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the authority of training and Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; Section 10. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; Coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay. Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. Section 2. The President shall be the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. Section 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; -- to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; -- to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; -- to Controversies between two or more States; -- between a State and Citizens of another State; -- between Citizens of different States; -- between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States; -- and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. In all Cases, affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. Section 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. Section 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from with he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. {No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.} [See Amendment XIII.] Section 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States, and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence. The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions of the three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which shall be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of it's equal Suffrage in the Senate. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. The Amendments: ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have Assistance of Counsel for his defence. ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ARTICLE XI. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State. [8 January 1798.] ARTICLE XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. [18 December 1865.] ARTICLE XIV. Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in a rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume to pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. [28 July 1868.] ARTICLE XV. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude ---- Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ---- [30 March 1870.] ARTICLE XVI. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. [25 February 1913.] ARTICLE XVII. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: *Provided*, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. This amendment shall not be construed as to affect the election or term of any senator chosen before it becomes a valid part of the Constitution. [31 May 1913.] ARTICLE XIX. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. The Congress shall have power by appropriate legislation to enforce the provisions of this article. [26 August 1920.] ARTICLE XXI. Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. Section 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited. Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by convention in the everal States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission thereof to the States by the Congress. [5 December 1933.] ARTICLE XXVI. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. [circa 1970/1971.] ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make | | violent revolution inevitable. | | | | John F. Kennedy | | | | | | _____ The Armadillo Group | | ,::////;::-. Austin, Tx. USA | | /:'///// ``::>/|/ http://www.ssz.com/ | | .', |||| `/( e\ | | -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- Jim Choate | | ravage(a)ssz.com | | 512-451-7087 | |____________________________________________________________________|

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