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Call for Papers: The Economics of Digital Information and Intellectual Property
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text MIME-Version: 1.0 Date: Thu, 26 Sep 1996 00:13:30 -0400 Reply-To: Law & Policy of Computer Communications <CYBERIA-L(a)LISTSERV.AOL.COM> Sender: Law & Policy of Computer Communications <CYBERIA-L(a)LISTSERV.AOL.COM> From: Alan Lewine <alewine(a)DCEZ.COM> Organization: Representing Myself Subject: Call for Papers: The Economics of Digital Information and Intellectual Property To: CYBERIA-L(a)LISTSERV.AOL.COM John F. Kennedy School of Government Center for Science and International Affairs and Center for Business and Government Harvard Law School Institute for Information Technology Law and Policy Harvard University Library Council on Library Resources Coalition for Networked Information The Economics of Digital Information and Intellectual Property Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA January 23-25, 1997 First Announcement and Call for Papers Harvard University is hosting this symposium to broaden and deepen understanding of emerging economic and business models for global publishing and information access and the attendant transformation of international information markets, institutions, and businesses. The goal is to provide managers in public, private, and nonprofit sectors with a practical framework for developing program strategies and assessing the efficiency and competitiveness of new information markets and institutions. It will address questions such as: --What will be the principal pricing models for information in an advanced global Internet? -- How will pricing models be affected by different technological factors and market environments? -- What will be the relationships between classic production costs, transaction costs, and the economic value of intellectual property? -- How will different pricing practices at lower layers affect the pricing of information? -- What are likely long-term trends and scenarios for different pricing models? What will be the effect of bundling or unbundling of information services? -- How will changing cost structures change the allocation of rights between authors and publishers and other intermediaries? -- How will markets for complementary products and services affect the pricing and use of information? -- What are the policy implications of different pricing models? -- How do these reflect policy values associated with different kinds of information? Background: The rapid growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web is trans- forming the way information is accessed and used in business, education, and the home. New models for distributing, sharing, linking, and enhancing information are appearing, often embodied in software or infrastructure. No change is more dramatic than the shift to user-initiated retrieval for text-based information formerly distributed in the form of physical objects by publisher-initiated manufacturing and delivery. A similar shift may be underway for sound and video. However, the considerable differences in bandwidth and storage requirements between text, images, sound, and video may dictate different cost and pricing models in the near and mid-term. As production and distribution costs decline, transaction costs and the value of intellectual property may assume greater prominence. On the other hand, standards and software may work to substantially reduce transaction costs over the long run. With barriers to entry reduced by technology, information markets may become extremely competitive, reducing margins and possibly lowering the economic value of many forms of intellectual property. The Internet and the World Wide Web are characterized by explosion of information along with an explosion of new tools for navigating information. Competition for attention intensifies as companies extend their marketing, sales, and support functions into the Internet. Useful or entertaining information may have greater value in attracting customer attention in an increasingly competitive marketplace for information. Accordingly, it has been argued that information will be valued less as intellectual property and more in terms of the access it provides to other markets and the value it adds to relationships. As a practical matter, copyright may be overshadowed by the growing use of contracts as a means of both securing value and defining expectations in continuing relationships. Positions in simple distribution chains are likely to erode as a result of disintermediation and intense competition. In particular, reduced production costs and the desire to avoid residual transaction costs may force vendors away from complex pricing models. For example, usage-based pricing may give way to subscription pricing. Such dynamics may lead to new institutional arrangements for managing life-cycle costs of information, especially in small markets where users are also producers. Similarly, as production costs decrease, the costs of information may be assimilated by the underlying infrastructure or assumed by users. This trend may be seen in the pricing of online services and in the massive volunteering of content on the World Wide Web. The Web, including software and servers, enables editorial and navigation functions traditionally performed by publishers and libraries to be performed in increased measure by individual authors and end users. Cost analysis in this environment may hinge on identification and evaluation of critical bottlenecks -- with the understanding that many technological limitations may be short-lived. Congestion may lead to new methods of supplementing point-to-point transmissions, such as caching, mirroring, and satellite broadcast. These new mechanisms may raise intellectual property and interconnection questions that may be addressed both as business and policy issues. Congestion may also hasten the implementation of type of service priority at either the network or server levels. Negotiation over quality and scope of service may become extremely complex, and vendors may be tempted to price to as many dimensions of value as possible. However, simple pricing models may have surprisingly strong appeal, as they have had in the analog environment. Sequential distribution windows for motion pictures illustrate the potential for simple price differentiation in a technologically complex environment. Price differentiation is now playing an increasingly important role in the marketing of software and databases. In fact, there may be public policy arguments for price differentiation, not only for reasons of efficiency but to enable some of level of access for those who cannot afford access under standard terms, just as public libraries have offered access for those who could not afford to buy. ***** The Information Infrastructure Project emphasizes communication and sharing of insight among scholars and practitioners with different skills and backgrounds. Papers should be written in a clear, non-technical manner (technical appendices may be permitted) for a mixed, interdisciplinary audience that will include publishers, librarians, economists, lawyers, and policy- makers. Prospective authors should submit short abstracts for review and comment as soon as possible. Extended abstracts or outlines should be submitted by October 15, 1996, to ensure consideration for the program. Acceptances of abstracts and outlines are conditional pending receipt of a satisfactory draft by December 15, 1996. Papers and supplementary material will be published as a volume in the Project's series with the MIT Press. Copyright assignment is not required, and parallel publication of individual papers in journals is encouraged. Please send paper proposals and requests for subsequent announcements to: iip(a)harvard.edu Or send mail to: Tim Leshan Information Infrastructure Project John F. Kennedy School of Government 79 John F. Kennedy St. Cambridge, MA 02138 617-496-1389 Fax: 617-495-5776 leshan(a)ksgrsch.harvard.edu -- Alan Lewine http://www.dcez.com/~alewine/ "[I]n sex as in other areas of life, beware governmental regulation." --Richard Posner, "Sex and Reason" (1992) --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "'Bart Bucks' are not legal tender." -- Punishment, 100 times on a chalkboard, for Bart Simpson The e$ Home Page: http://www.vmeng.com/rah/

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Re: LACC: Encryption and Japan
by Bill Stewart 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 06:46 AM 9/25/96 +0100, T Bruce Tober <octobersdad(a)reporters.net> wrote: >A few months ago I read an article concerning one of the encryption >gurus (other than PZ) setting up a company in Japan to create a new >encryption program as good as or better than PGP which since it was >developed in Japan, wouldn't be subject to ITAR. Jim Bidzos of RSA did a contractual deal with NTT, who have produced a chip with RSA and Triple-DES implemented on it. I'm not sure the details of the deal, but essentially it's a license to use the patented RSA technology. It's not that it's better or worse than PGP; it's hardware implementations of some of the building blocks PGP uses. The real win of PGP was taking the pieces (RSA public key key-distribution and signatures, hashing, and symmetric crypto (DES,Bass-O-Matic,IDEA)), putting them together into one relatively usable package, and distributing it. The Web Of Trust that you build out of the RSA signatures is also a win, since it lets you build non-hierarchical key distribution, which is especially valuable for non-government-approved lefties :-) as well as letting you build hierarchical military-style approval if you want. But that's all applications of the core technologies - NTT is providing the core pieces that you can build that sort of thing out of. The NTT deal means that non-US manufacturers can build crypto-phones, crypto-faxes, crypto-wide-area-network-muxes, etc., without annoying US local ordinances interfering. If they use it widely, and a flood of such products hit the US, ITAR becomes effectively dead, which may help it become really dead. And if they don't, you can at least get somebody in Japan to build a crypto-virtual-private-WAN router so your company's internal international email and phone network will be untappable. # Thanks; Bill # Bill Stewart, +1-415-442-2215 stewarts(a)ix.netcom.com # <A HREF="http://idiom.com/~wcs"> # You can get PGP software outside the US at ftp.ox.ac.uk/pub/crypto

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Apology
by webwarrior＠infowar.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

OOPS! OUCH!!! CRASH!!! Yesterday our ListServ underwent emergency surgery and our Web Warriors say all vital signs are stabilized. A complete recovery is assured! We apologize for the inconvenience. Thank you for your understanding. Winn Schwartau and the folks at Infowar.Com Betty G.O'Hearn Information Warfare and InfoSecurity Assistant to Mr. Winn Schwartau http://www.infowar.com betty(a)infowar.com 280 126th Ave. E.#110 Treasure Island, FL 33706 813-367-7277 Voice 813-363-7277 FAX

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A Special Invitation to TV1 Users:
by TV1 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- The best things in life are still free-and some of them get even better! Once upon a time, you registered to use TV1, the only personalizable TV listings site on the Internet. If you've been back to the site during the past week, you would have noticed gargantuan, earth-shattering additions to our humble old listings Web site. TV1 has been incorporated into The GIST, a full service home entertainment guide providing in-depth coverage of what's worth watching on TV and the Internet, as well as original features on everything from today's hottest television shows (with audio clips of stars) to reviews of the latest home entertainment hardware. If you've been to TV1/TheGIST lately, we hope you've been enjoying our service, and hope that you don't mind the fact that our graphic improvements now require at least a Netscape 2.0 or Explorer 3.0 browser. Stick with us, and you'll be seeing even more great enhancements during the next month. If you're one of those deprived Web surfers who hasn't seen the site in a few weeks, c'mon back--and see what you've been missing. Our new URL is www.theGist.com or you can still reach us at www.TV1.com. Thanks. We look forward to helping you with your home entertainment choices tonight, and every night. Your wannabee hosts, - --- [This message has been signed by an auto-signing service. A valid signature means only that it has been received at the address corresponding to the signature and forwarded.] -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.6.2 Comment: Gratis auto-signing service iQBFAwUBMkrm7SoZzwIn1bdtAQGILAF8DsqSWOeABIYPgOcXwyk6FLores03wa15 LGDwf//VqW+dwIj4XyNvPqGD/CpdE27L =2Ss2 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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Re: Hallam-Baker demands more repudiations or he'll write!
by jim bell 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 01:27 PM 9/26/96 -0500, Jean-Francois Avon wrote: >On 26 Sep 96 at 10:49, Brian Davis wrote: > >> If by "operation effectiveness" you mean some people will be killed, >> I agree. I also agree with the fire/water comment (maybe in more >> ways than one!); my comment related to my belief that AP-supporters >> shouldn't complain about especially draconian measures taken against >> them by governments, given their modus operandi. > >I don't think that any of them will complain because they understand >the nature of it. I think that Jim Bell (forgive me Jim...:) view >that there will be only limited retaliation from government is not >guaranteed at all. As I said somewhere previously, the whole thing >will depend on how the authorities view AP as (non-) attackable. > >Here is the post I wrote earlier: > >------- earlier post ------- > >jim bell recently wrote: > >> Local police action against an AP organization would, of course, be >> deterred by the prospect of naming anybody who would go after it, >> and soliciting donations against them. > >I don't agree here. It would all be a matter of timing, unless the >number of AP servers would be sprouting out faster than police forces >would be able to destroy them. You have to realize that if the money >is seized, noboby will be willing to make a hit since the odds of >being paid are not too good. Just play the game "Command and Conquer" >for a while and you'll see. Money is fuel. Don't run off of it! Uh, okay, I didn't mean to suggest that attacks would be entirely eliminated. (The term "deterred" really needed to be quantified there, even for a native English speaker.) But my main point was that (as evidenced by Brian Davis' unwillingness to acknowledge that the people who run the system will engage in illegality to stop AP) there is a certain hesitancy on the part of the "ruling class" to abandon at least the facade of legality that they often promote. > Jim Bell jimbell(a)pacifier.com

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New alias server weasel.owl.de
by Johannes Kroeger 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- I'm running the Squirrel Remailer <mix(a)squirrel.owl.de> for some weeks now and finally managed to install a "newnym" style alias server (like nym.alias.net) with the hostname weasel.owl.de. Here is the PGP key: Type Bits/KeyID Date User ID pub 2047/B77F2491 1996/09/07 <config(a)weasel.owl.de>/<send(a)weasel.owl.de> -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: 2.6.3ia mQENAzIxkrUAAAEH/1mg2l5pTFPwdJZp79M3g+aflsoRFd1QIebXktcg2SIcWc+K nBU0kHRPx53A3SHnUjtAj9ZOOL9LbmSaR6uwYw3voPnOF7cXsyMlG0dNjkJMzCZM UAWAaTB5OcUl2oUrbO+Ceasg94LrDjXCqWf6zxRNgb00SOOopKf+NBtm25wwX1wQ LawWkQeLLMhphCLYwbeLqrMexj9eNsKIxmmEHmD5//crkIa8GVlSatdOV3TDxeNv GOflltDnGXdGxkAu9ck7Wa7ixQwrTr5IxF5jaxTquUyz+qqni/y1/F4dr7brk7Fz VWaqBzlA54Q1oHAM9ptyJKgz+vNFPF2asbd/JJEABRG0Kzxjb25maWdAd2Vhc2Vs Lm93bC5kZT4vPHNlbmRAd2Vhc2VsLm93bC5kZT6JARUCBRAyRtqzvA9InihC/mkB ASScB/99663wchJb55cyiGkxzIvxF8HULc+PCUxY7Dd/+RF+N5vJlW9tG1cInF3+ LmMu9iIdEBj7FOnvSh65gGwiIEasVoFLcA4fXzaGC7Nds6OvwzmURbW4GhmDIPTt OPzUYc3vlyF3/iExRVL/aomL4aKMgMnRIagPkj2wT0G4YVuVvb6pAQ9Z/qDjgIok QEN+yy4NOlwCZQJ4V3TJ/35Fq8dKXkA7eyy4eEK97+VzJOK3ApldEqM71LE7jDtk JjbUBmTOfm0NQDbRlEUnfoSyF9yt/MCE7ranSQ2z0hRrw+z6i4XsxAQljPyE1CLD YX3nIIUhXumsBwSMPPZ7nfiuNFcaiQEVAgUQMkZ6FzxdmrG3fySRAQF0CAf8CMle kOnkwvriif+PdlKnf8rjRtL2H5fk3wg7LmdvpkRzGvJaEtGnToRALEWPujAEY9wg YUnDpMiLWkPEVN1cQz690bvzQdyGVb0x4gDsFbivUIuHA55k9c+9cV08tp+4VqB3 0IQ92p16HfCcLz7Ac+oYPXbLpOceG51mEZLCzu9xeEpk6CbsfQ+GMXXcahqRvJ7Y X1dwCwzHG+toPhC9a3+uLggeh72HJW2dI4ExIHYaKhIK5lO874B6G5XEWpdjnqUl MXIyoaEtYhUaoeEdBE49jKnyTtuQ8DDy+6xOrOE3F3Sc++8F2zNrY/ZJsLsUb5RG EI5u/40s+ASl56KVVw== =Ld7v -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- The following lines should be added to Raph's remailer list: $remailer{'weasel'} = '<config(a)weasel.owl.de> newnym pgp'; (weasel squirrel) Weasel.owl.de has MX records, but no IP address. You can finger addresses at squirrel.owl.de when it is connected to the Internet. My connection for email is via a UUCP link that is polled every 90 minutes, so do not expect quick turnaround of remailed messages. Please read the help file before using the remailer. You can get it by sending mail to <help(a)weasel.owl.de>. Reports of problems, bugs, abuse etc. should be sent to <admin(a)weasel.owl.de>. C'punks, please mail questions and comments directly to me, as I'm not subscribed to the cypherpunks list. - -- Johannes Kroeger <jkroeger(a)squirrel.owl.de> Send me mail with subject "send pgp-key" to get my PGP key -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.6.3ia Charset: latin1 Comment: Processed by Mailcrypt 3.4, an Emacs/PGP interface iQEVAgUBMkrY3bwPSJ4oQv5pAQGx1ggAxdcMtxQt1K45bijxqPxMQ+ajlIy3TeRB Y5bxSyr1Q0cTMbKx4ausilrzmaPNLpRU8drMuSk7dbRW4ca9Qs/5kiWhtvIluv70 ex2CgcSjJRLtbq3fEPxcRdOGVU0cxYusS9XP5QJSUJv+nHo5k3qWr7L3Ayk8kKhh lU4NJ535u+WX4v+/70d6Xk/9NF7JtN9sSfxjK7bY9vszMFtihXRCQ8fFoDKzjy84 Mgl1zOfeAJv7snhWt2k/CBsKRlFNsMCLSBDg9ADOqs9O+40KoY2+lpewRXvFLp4y VQv4f7wCcbxtnqTgFPeezEWIfO7xBbkhIUIOyETDzo8JeR7EZzEVYw== =N3Y/ -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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Re: Medical Data
by Bill Stewart 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

At 09:28 AM 9/25/96 -0500, Phil Fraering <pgf(a)acadian.net> wrote: >Of course, one area where the doctor will continue to hold a patient's >records, instead of the patient, due to the nature of the current system: > >Prescription medication. >Of course, with the really big problems with this stuff, drug >interactions, there's still no system for a doctor to find out what you're >on thanks to another doctor. Which is why it's very important to always >use the same pharmacist. Pharmacists in the US use a nationwide system that keeps track of who's using what. Issues in a system like this include insurance-paid pharmaceutical plans and also tracking politically-questionable pharmaceutical purchasers. # Thanks; Bill # Bill Stewart, +1-415-442-2215 stewarts(a)ix.netcom.com # <A HREF="http://idiom.com/~wcs"> # You can get PGP software outside the US at ftp.ox.ac.uk/pub/crypto

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ssh - How widely used?
by Black Unicorn 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Does anyone know if there are MS-Dos or Mac versions of the ssh client? How much is ssh used? I've not seen much discussion of it but poking around an ISP yielded this: Ssh (Secure Shell) a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands in a remote machine. It is intended to replace rlogin and rsh, and provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network. X11 connections and arbi- trary TCP/IP ports can also be forwarded over the secure channel. and Usage: ssh [options] host [command] Options: -l user Log in using this user name. -n Redirect input from /dev/null. -a Disable authentication agent forwarding. -x Disable X11 connection forwarding. -i file Identity for RSA authentication (default: ~/.ssh/identity). -t Tty; allocate a tty even if command is given. -v Verbose; display verbose debugging messages. -q Quiet; don't display any warning messages. -f Fork into background after authentication. -e char Set escape character; ``none'' = disable (default: ~). -c cipher Select encryption algorithm: ``idea'' (default, secure), ``des'', ``3des'', ``tss'', ``arcfour'' (fast, suitable for bulk transfers), ``none'' (no encryption - for debugging only). -p port Connect to this port. Server must be on the same port. -L listen-port:host:port Forward local port to remote address -R listen-port:host:port Forward remote port to local address These cause ssh to listen for connections on a port, and forward them to the other side by connecting to host:port. -C Enable compression. -o 'option' Process the option as if it was read from a configuration file. Looks like a nice little implementation. Comments anyone? -- I hate lightning - finger for public key - Vote Monarchist unicorn(a)schloss.li

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Internet plug pulled on Colombia's guerrillas
by Chris Adams 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Internet plug pulled on Colombia's guerrillas 3:05pm EDT, 9/26/96 BOGOTA, Colombia - A Colombian guerrilla group currently involved in a bloody offensive in the mountains and jungles, suffered a setback in its propaganda battle when its new-tech voice on the Internet was mysteriously silenced. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), which has periodically paralyzed half the country with road blocks, found its route to the information superhighway barred. The Communist insurgents, who rose up in arms in 1964, embraced new technology last year in their fight to overthrow the government by launching a home page on the Internet. But in unexplained circumstances, which a spokeswoman for the Mexico City-based Internet provider Teesnet said may or may not be linked to external pressures, the plug was pulled on the service Monday -- a day after being publicized in Colombia's leading daily, El Tiempo. The FARC's Mexico City-based international spokesman Marco LeDon CalarcDa admitted the loss of the Internet page was a serious reversal but vowed the computer-age conflict was far from over. "This is an attack on freedom of expression because we were not doing anything illegal. I cannot say exactly how it happened but the hand of the Colombian government is in this," he said. "The FARC is used to difficulties and this is just the latest challenge. One way or another we will get back on to the Internet." The Colombian guerrillas used their worldwide web site to publish their political magazine Resistencia, whose distribution is banned in Colombia, and to offer explanations about their latest armed actions. FARC, labeled narcoguerrillas since the 1980s when U.S. ambassador Lewis Tambs highlighted the group's alleged connections with Colombia's drugs trade, have been dubbed Cyberspace guerrillas since their appearance on the Internet. "Cyberspace guerrillas may seem a fun name but I think it is pejorative and belittles what we're doing," said LeDon CalarcDa. "We are looking to topple the government and set up a new Colombia. "Using weapons naturally comes within the logic of the armed struggle. Just fighting through the Internet would be like shooting rubber bullets. Not using it would be like continuing to fight the army with a 12-bore shotgun," he said. In the four weeks since the FARC unleashed its latest offensive with an attack on a jungle base in southern Putumayo province, more than 150 soldiers, police and civilians have died.

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Re: ssh - How widely used?
by Dana W. Albrecht 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Black Unicorn <unicorn(a)schloss.li> writes: > Does anyone know if there are MS-Dos or Mac versions of the ssh client? There is no MS-DOS client. The authors claim that, "a Macintosh version is in the works, and first versions are expected to be available in August/September 1996." There are Windoze and OS/2 clients. > How much is ssh used? >From the FAQ: 6.2 How widespread is use of ssh? As with every piece of freely available software, this is difficult to find out. The best current estimates are that at least 1000 insitutions in 40 countries use it. This estimate is based on The number of people on the ssh mailing list, around 600, from 40 different countries and several hundred domains. Each week, the ssh home pages are accessed from roughly 5000 different machines, many of them web caches; also, these machines often are different from week to week. > I've not seen much discussion of it but poking around an ISP yielded this: > > Ssh (Secure Shell) a program for logging into a remote > machine and for executing commands in a remote machine. > It is intended to replace rlogin and rsh, and provide > secure encrypted communications between two untrusted > hosts over an insecure network. X11 connections and arbi- > trary TCP/IP ports can also be forwarded over the secure > channel. [ Snip ] > Looks like a nice little implementation. > > Comments anyone? For further information about it, see: http://www.cs.hut.fi/ssh/ There is also a mailing list. Subscription requests should be directed to majordomo(a)clinet.fi with "subscribe ssh" in the message body. I think that it's technically a great program. However, I have heard some pretty unpleasant stories about legal issues using it in a commercial environment. Dana W. Albrecht dwa(a)corsair.com

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