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Re: [liberationtech] What's wrong with the kids these days? - On the moral decay of the Dutch hacker scene
by Eugen Leitl 27 Mar '13

27 Mar '13

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by "Инвестиции в мобильные технологии!" 27 Mar '13

27 Mar '13

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Neuroimaging 'biomarker' linked to rearrest after incarceration.
by Eugen Leitl 27 Mar '13

27 Mar '13

http://www.nature.com/news/brain-scans-predict-which-criminals-are-more-lik… Brain scans predict which criminals are more likely to reoffend Neuroimaging 'biomarker' linked to rearrest after incarceration. Regina Nuzzo 25 March 2013 Activity in a particular region of the cortex could tell whether a convict is likely to get in trouble again. DOUG MENUEZ/GETTY In a twist that evokes the dystopian science fiction of writer Philip K. Dick, neuroscientists have found a way to predict whether convicted felons are likely to commit crimes again from looking at their brain scans. Convicts showing low activity in a brain region associated with decision-making and action are more likely to be arrested again, and sooner. Kent Kiehl, a neuroscientist at the non-profit Mind Research Network in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and his collaborators studied a group of 96 male prisoners just before their release. The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan the prisonersb brains during computer tasks in which subjects had to make quick decisions and inhibit impulsive reactions. The scans focused on activity in a section of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a small region in the front of the brain involved in motor control and executive functioning. The researchers then followed the ex-convicts for four years to see how they fared. Among the subjects of the study, men who had lower ACC activity during the quick-decision tasks were more likely to be arrested again after getting out of prison, even after the researchers accounted for other risk factors such as age, drug and alcohol abuse and psychopathic traits. Men who were in the lower half of the ACC activity ranking had a 2.6-fold higher rate of rearrest for all crimes and a 4.3-fold higher rate for nonviolent crimes. The results are published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences1. There is growing interest in using neuroimaging to predict specific behaviour, says Tor Wager, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado in Boulder. He says that studies such as this one, which tie brain imaging to concrete clinical outcomes, b provide a new and so far very promising wayb to find patterns of brain activity that have broader implications for society. But the authors themselves stress that much more work is needed to prove that the technique is reliable and consistent, and that it is likely to flag only the truly high-risk felons and leave the low-risk ones alone. b This isn't ready for prime time,b says Kiehl. Wager adds that the part of the ACC examined in this study b is one of the most frequently activated areas in the human brain across all kinds of tasks and psychological statesb. Low ACC activity could have a variety of causes b impulsivity, caffeine use, vascular health, low motivation or better neural efficiency b and not all of these are necessarily related to criminal behaviour. Crime prediction was the subject of Dick's 1956 short story b The Minority Reportb (adapted for the silver screen by Steven Spielberg in 2002), which highlighted the thorny ethics of arresting people for crimes they had yet to commit. Brain scans are of course a far cry from the clairvoyants featured in that science-fiction story. But even if the science turns out to be reliable, the legal and social implications remain to be explored, the authors warn. Perhaps the most appropriate use for neurobiological markers would be for helping to make low-stakes decisions, such as which rehabilitation treatment to assign a prisoner, rather than high-stakes ones such as sentencing or releasing on parole. b A treatment of [these clinical neuroimaging studies] that is either too glibly enthusiastic or over-critical,b Wager says, b will be damaging for this emerging science in the long run.b Nature doi:10.1038/nature.2013.12672 References Aharoni, E. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219302110 (2013). Yarkoni, T., Poldrack, R. A., Nichols, T. E., Van Essen, D. C. & Wager, T. D. Nature Methods 8, 665b670 (2011).

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FBI Pursuing Real-Time Gmail Spying Powers as “Top Priority” for 2013
by Eugen Leitl 27 Mar '13

27 Mar '13

http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2013/03/26/andrew_weissmann_fbi_wan… FBI Pursuing Real-Time Gmail Spying Powers as b Top Priorityb for 2013 By Ryan Gallagher | Posted Tuesday, March 26, 2013, at 4:58 PM For now, law enforcement has trouble monitoring Gmail communications in real time Image courtesy Google Despite the pervasiveness of law enforcement surveillance of digital communication, the FBI still has a difficult time monitoring Gmail, Google Voice, and Dropbox in real time. But that may change soon, because the bureau says it has made gaining more powers to wiretap all forms of Internet conversation and cloud storage a b top priorityb this year. Last week, during a talk for the American Bar Association in Washington, D.C., FBI general counsel Andrew Weissmann discussed some of the pressing surveillance and national security issues facing the bureau. He gave a few updates on the FBIbs efforts to address what it calls the b going darkb problembhow the rise in popularity of email and social networks has stifled its ability to monitor communications as they are being transmitted. Itbs no secret that under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the feds can easily obtain archive copies of emails. When it comes to spying on emails or Gchat in real time, however, itbs a different story. Thatbs because a 1994 surveillance law called the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act only allows the government to force Internet providers and phone companies to install surveillance equipment within their networks. But it doesnbt cover email, cloud services, or online chat providers like Skype. Weissmann said that the FBI wants the power to mandate real-time surveillance of everything from Dropbox and online games (b the chat feature in Scrabbleb) to Gmail and Google Voice. b Those communications are being used for criminal conversations,b he said. While it is true that CALEA can only be used to compel Internet and phone providers to build in surveillance capabilities into their networks, the feds do have some existing powers to request surveillance of other services. Authorities can use a b Title IIIb order under the b Wiretap Actb to ask email and online chat providers furnish the government with b technical assistance necessary to accomplish the interception.b However, the FBI claims this is not sufficient because mandating that providers help with b technical assistanceb is not the same thing as forcing them to b effectuateb a wiretap. In 2011, then-FBI general counsel Valerie CapronibWeissmannbs predecessorbstated that Title III orders did not provide the bureau with an "effective lever" to "encourage providers" to set up live surveillance quickly and efficiently. In other words, the FBI believes it doesnbt have enough power under current legislation to strong-arm companies into providing real-time wiretaps of communications. Because Gmail is sent between a userbs computer and Googlebs servers using SSL encryption, for instance, the FBI canbt intercept it as it is flowing across networks and relies on the company to provide it with access. Google spokesman Chris Gaither hinted that it is already possible for the company to set up live surveillance under some circumstances. b CALEA doesn't apply to Gmail but an order under the Wiretap Act may,b Gaither told me in an email. b At some point we may expand our transparency report to cover this topic in more depth, but until then I'm not able to provide additional information.b Either way, the FBI is not happy with the current arrangement and is on a crusade for more surveillance authority. According to Weissmann, the bureau is working with b members of intelligence communityb to craft a proposal for new Internet spy powers as b a top priority this year.b Citing security concerns, he declined to reveal any specifics. b It's a very hard thing to talk about publicly,b he said, though acknowledged that b it's something that there should be a public debate about.b

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Unique in the Crowd: The privacy bounds of human mobility
by Eugen Leitl 27 Mar '13

27 Mar '13

(full text available on site) http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130325/srep01376/full/srep01376.html Unique in the Crowd: The privacy bounds of human mobility Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye, Cisar A. Hidalgo, Michel Verleysen & Vincent D. Blondel Scientific Reports 3, Article number: 1376 doi:10.1038/srep01376 Received 01 October 2012 Accepted 04 February 2013 Published 25 March 2013 We study fifteen months of human mobility data for one and a half million individuals and find that human mobility traces are highly unique. In fact, in a dataset where the location of an individual is specified hourly, and with a spatial resolution equal to that given by the carrier's antennas, four spatio-temporal points are enough to uniquely identify 95% of the individuals. We coarsen the data spatially and temporally to find a formula for the uniqueness of human mobility traces given their resolution and the available outside information. This formula shows that the uniqueness of mobility traces decays approximately as the 1/10 power of their resolution. Hence, even coarse datasets provide little anonymity. These findings represent fundamental constraints to an individual's privacy and have important implications for the design of frameworks and institutions dedicated to protect the privacy of individuals. Subject terms: Applied mathematicsComputational scienceStatisticsApplied physics

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Re: [liberationtech] Privacy, data protection questions
by Eugen Leitl 27 Mar '13

27 Mar '13

----- Forwarded message from Rich Kulawiec <rsk(a)gsp.org> -----

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[liberationtech] What's wrong with the kids these days? - On the moral decay of the Dutch hacker scene
by Eugen Leitl 27 Mar '13

27 Mar '13

----- Forwarded message from puscii <admin(a)puscii.nl> -----

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