July 2009 - cypherpunks-legacy

Spies like us: NSA to build huge facility in Utah
by Eugen Leitl 02 Jul '09

02 Jul '09

(1000 new jobs!!!11 why, then it's okay) http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_12735293 Spies like us: NSA to build huge facility in Utah Civilian jobs ; The facility could offer more than 1,000 high-tech jobs for the state. By Matthew D. LaPlante The Salt Lake Tribune Updated: 07/02/2009 09:10:38 AM MDT Hoping to protect its top-secret operations by decentralizing its massive computer hubs, the National Security Agency will build a 1-million-square-foot data center at Utah's Camp Williams. The years-in-the-making project, which may cost billions over time, got a $181 million start last week when President Obama signed a war spending bill in which Congress agreed to pay for primary construction, power access and security infrastructure. The enormous building, which will have a footprint about three times the size of the Utah State Capitol building, will be constructed on a 200-acre site near the Utah National Guard facility's runway. Congressional records show that initial construction -- which may begin this year -- will include tens of millions in electrical work and utility construction, a $9.3 million vehicle inspection facility, and $6.8 million in perimeter security fencing. The budget also allots $6.5 million for the relocation of an existing access road, communications building and training area. Officials familiar with the project say it may bring as many as 1,200 high-tech jobs to Camp Williams, which borders Salt Lake, Utah and Tooele counties. It will also require at least 65 megawatts of power -- about the same amount used by every home in Salt Lake City combined. A separate power substation will have to be built at Camp Williams to sustain that demand, said Col. Scott Olson, the Utah National Guard's legislative liaison. Advertisement He noted that there were two significant power corridors that ran though Camp Williams -- a chief factor in the NSA's desire to build there. The NSA bills itself as the home of America's codemakers and codebreakers, but the Department of Defense agency is perhaps better known for its signals intelligence program, which is reported to have the capacity to tap into a significant amount of the world's communications. The agency also has been the subject of significant criticism by civil libertarians, who have accused it of unwarranted monitoring of the communications of U.S. citizens. The NSA's heavily automated computerized operations have for years been based at Fort Meade, Maryland, but the agency began looking to decentralize its efforts following the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Propelling that desire was the insatiable energy appetite of the agency's computers. In 2006, the Baltimore Sun reported that the NSA -- Baltimore Gas & Electric's biggest customer -- had maxed out the local grid and could not bring online several supercomputers it needed to expand its operations. About the same time, NSA officials, who have a long-standing relationship with Utah based on the state Guard's unique linguist units, approached state officials about finding land in the state on which to build an additional data center. Olson said NSA officials also seemed drawn to Utah's increasing reputation as a center of technical industry and the area's more traditional role as a transportation hub. "They were looking at secure sites, where there could be a natural nexus between organizations and where space was available," he said. "The stars just kind of came into alignment. We could provide them everything they need." The agency is building a similar center in San Antonio at the site of a former Sony microchip plant. Sen. Orrin Hatch, the longest-serving member of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, refused to answer questions about the project. Officials from Hatch's office said they were not at liberty to discuss a classified matter, though it is referenced in several public documents and has been spoken about openly by state officials for the past week. NSA officials also declined to comment immediately on the project, but pledged to answer questions later this week. Tribune reporter Matt Canham contributed to this story

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by Shannon Dow 02 Jul '09

02 Jul '09

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02 Jul '09

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02 Jul '09

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02 Jul '09

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Sandy Sandfort: What the Heck is Loom?
by R.A. Hettinga 02 Jul '09

02 Jul '09

<https://loom.cc/view/dbeea66e436bba06abbf48a696830808501fb5bd18c5e6038c9c896 43709ac05 > Loom News What is Loom By Sandy Sandfort What the Heck is Loom? Before we discuss what Loom is, it might be a good idea to explain what Loom isn't. Loom isn't digital money an exchanger an exchange provider a way to trade physical assets a system for tracking the ownership of assets Digital Money Though Loom has been optimized to facilitate the creation of digital assets, it is the user who creates them. Loom is totally agnostic as to the nature of assets created by the user. Exchanger Loom is not a market maker and takes no position in exchanged assets or other items. Exchange Loom does not provide simultaneous exchange services. It only provides one-way transfers. The other half of an exchange must be performed in a separate transaction either within or without Loom. [Editor's note: Actually, the author of Loom has been planning a two- way internal asset exchange mechanism known as a "Vending Machine" for some time. It should be rolled out within a few months, probably by Sep 2009.] Trading System for Physical Assets The map is not the territory. To the degree that Loom facilitates the transfer of assets, the only assets that can be transferred are digital ones. The trading of digital assets may or may not result in the exchange of real-world assets. Asset Tracking To the extent that Loom is involved with assets, it only facilitates their transfer. It keeps track of nothing except digital locations. Loom Is Loom is an infrastructure for privately hiding and revealing secrets. Sorry, but that's it, that's the whole enchilada. Doesn't sound very impressive, does it? The Elegance of Loom Okay, you can reveal a secret to someone without using Loom. You can send an encrypted message or just whisper in their ear. With Loom, however, the secret gains a sort of persistence, transferability and flexibility not otherwise possible. Of course, it is optimized for monetization of digital assets and to facilitate their use in digital commerce. It can also be used, however, for whatever other interactions users invent. A secondary benefit is that Loom does not create a useful audit trail for snoopy third-parties. Now remember all the things we said Loom isn't? Well guess what. Loom can also assist in performing such functions. Digital Money While Loom isn't a form of digital money, it facilitates the creation of digital money by providing an easy way to monetize digital assets. Exchanger Loom is not a market maker for digital assets. However, it does provide a way for exchangers to do business with their customers. Just as important, exchangers can use Loom to lay off transactions among themselves quickly, easily and privately, thus increasing market liquidity and efficiency. Exchange While not an exchange, per se, Loom is a simple and discreet way to perform part or all of exchanges of digital assets. Trading System for Physical Assets Loom can assist in the direct trade of digital assets only. However, this does not mean it cannot play a role in the trade of physical assets. Digital assets such as the various forms of e-money, usually represent something tangible in the real world. So too, can it be with digital assets transferred in the Loom system. As in any use of digital assets, it ultimately becomes an issue of trust. Asset Tracking This is something that Loom really cannot do. In fact, it is something it should not do. One of the major appeals of Loom, is that it provides its users with privacy in their transaction and a large degree of anonymity. Security Loom's security is based on three elements, the mathematics of really large numbers, open source software and server operator honesty. Math Loom hides a client's secret in plain sight in one of 2128 (about 3.4x1038) digital locations. If you can guess where someone has stored his secret, it's yours. So how easy is guessing? Let's assume we want to hid a secret in a physical space. One cubic millimeter is pretty small but at least visible. So lets turn the entire bulk of the earth into one cubic millimeter information containers. Now imagine the problem trying to guess where a secret is hidden. Is it in a millimeter cube of iron at the center of the earth? Is it in a piece of ice at the top of Mount Everest? How about in that mug of beer in front of you at the restaurant? Finding that one particular cube isfor all intents and purposesimpossible. But there are far fewer than 2128 cubic millimeters in the earth. To have that many cubic millimeters would require about a third of a billion earths. Get the picture? Open Source No software is perfect. Proprietary software is created and sold on the basis of security through obscurity. If no one can see the source code, then their will be no security breaches. Unfortunately, the history of proprietary software has long put the lie to that belief. Crackers have, do and will crack proprietary software. If you are running Windows, you are continually being sent security updates. These are almost never prospective. Each security update comes after the fact. A malicious cracker has found and exploited a flaw. Some user paid the price with their money or their privacy. Open source software is predicated on the demonstrable fact that there are more white-hat hackers than black-hat hackers. As a public service and for bragging rights, the white hatson their own time and dime pore over the source code of open source software, testing and probing in search of possible security flaws. When they find something, they shout if from the rooftops and it gets fixed immediately. Loom is not Enough Loom is very useful within in its primary function. However, there are ancillary services that could improve its usefulnessespecially for e- commerce. This is not a problem, but an opportunity. The existence and use of Loom create real opportunities for entrepreneurs to serve niche markets. Independent businesses that provide escrow, insurance and guarantor services immediately come to mind. However, the opportunities are probably endless. If you can figure out a way to better serve the Loom community, users will beat a path to your doorstep. References Volume of the earth is listed as 1.0832073 * 1012 cubic kilometres at Wikipedia.

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02 Jul '09

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02 Jul '09

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by Rickie Jarrett 02 Jul '09

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by Kris Tanner 02 Jul '09

02 Jul '09

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