November 2009 - cypherpunks-legacy

Назначение и возможности финансового анализа
by Ваш антикризисный шанс 17 Nov '09

17 Nov '09

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by Dolores Novak 17 Nov '09

17 Nov '09

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by Luxury R0LEX Datejusts 17 Nov '09

17 Nov '09

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Проверки МВД. Универсальный алгоритм поведения
by Правовые основы поверок МВД 17 Nov '09

17 Nov '09

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17 Nov '09

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Age of cyber warfare is 'dawning'
by Eugen Leitl 17 Nov '09

17 Nov '09

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8363175.stm Age of cyber warfare is 'dawning' US soldier, AP Increasingly, hackers fight alongside ground troops Cyber war has moved from fiction to fact, says a report. Compiled by security firm McAfee, it bases its conclusion on analysis of recent net-based attacks. Analysis of the motives of the actors behind many attacks carried out via the internet showed that many were mounted with a explicitly political aim. It said that many nations were now arming to defend themselves in a cyber war and readying forces to conduct their own attacks. While definitions of what constitutes cyber war are not shared, it was clear that many nations were preparing for a future in which conflict was partly conducted via the net. "There are at least five countries known to be arming themselves for this kind of conflict," said Greg Day, primary analyst for security at McAfee Europe. The UK, Germany, France, China and North Korea are known to be developing their own capabilities. If it is someone stealing information or planting logic bombs, it's far more difficult to find them Chris Wysopal, Veracode The US is known to have an operating manual governing the rules and procedures of how it can use cyber warfare tactics. It is known to have used hack attacks alongside ground operations during the Iraq war and has continued to use this cyber capability while policing the nation. Mr Day said there was evidence of a growing number of attacks that could be classed as "reconaissance" in advance of a future conflict. The ease with which the tools of such attacks can be gathered and used was worrying, said Mr Day. "To go to physical war requires billions of dollars," he said. "To go to cyber war most people can easily find the resources that could be used in these kind of attacks." The targets of such future conflicts were likely to be a nation's infrastructure, said Mr Day, because networks of all kinds were now so embedded in peoples' lives. In response, he said, many nations now have an agency overseeing critical national infrastructure and ensuring that it is adequately hardened against net-borne attacks. Chris Wysopal, chief technology officer at Veracode which advises many governments on security, said cyber war presented its own problems when it came to deciding motive and finding the perpetrators. "In physical warfare it's pretty clear who has which weapon and how they are using them," he said. "In the networked world that attribution is incredibly difficult." The same is true for cyber crime, he said, where following a trail of money can lead investigators back to a band of thieves. "If it is someone stealing information or planting logic bombs, it's far more difficult to find them," he said. Mr Wysopal said many governments had woken up to the threat and were starting to put in place systems and agencies that could help protect them. However, he said, they still had some weaknesses. "The thing about governments doing this is that they have a time horizon of many years," he said. "But the criminals are doing it in a matter of months."

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'Fear detector' being developed
by Eugen Leitl 17 Nov '09

17 Nov '09

http://www.physorg.com/news176452932.html 'Fear detector' being developed November 3, 2009 by Lin Edwards Customs Border control in the United States. Image: James R. Tourtellotte, via Wikimedia Commons. (PhysOrg.com) -- British scientists are aiming to develop a device that can detect the smell of fear, and that could one day identify terrorists, drug smugglers, and other criminals. The 18-month project to develop two sensor systems is being carried out at the City University London, and is being led by Professor Tong Sun. The project has funding from the Home Office Scientific Development Branch. After a feasibility study is complete, two devices are expected to be designed to identify the fear pheromone in human sweat; one by laser absorption, and the other by a portable optical fiber instrument. The devices could be used to help police identify abnormal behavior at big events such as the 2012 Olympics. The research project follows on from evidence gained last year in the US by scientists who collected the underarm sweat of 20 novice skydivers about to make their first jump. They then asked other volunteers, ignorant of the experiment's nature, to smell the samples via a nebulizer, while their brains were scanned. The study found the smell of fear is real, and that the parts of the brain associated with fear responded to the smell of fear. The British scientists hope to use the effect to develop security systems that can detect the fear pheromone. The challenge, according to Sun, is in identifying and characterizing the specific chemical signature for human fear, especially fear related to criminal acts. The research will also examine potential problems such as interference by deodorants and perfumes, and will look at variations in pheromone production in different people. Professor Sun said prototypes of the "fear detectors" could be developed within a couple of years, and she added that she saw no reason why there could not be similar detectors to identify other human odors by age, gender or race, in order to build a profile of a criminal.

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by "Гоноховa" 17 Nov '09

17 Nov '09

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17 Nov '09

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Free Speech Or Stone Age
by Eugen Leitl 17 Nov '09

17 Nov '09

http://www.kozubik.com/published/fsosa.txt John Kozubik - john(a)kozubik.com - http://www.kozubik.com In the very recent past, the world has crossed a threshold, beyond which anonymous free speech can only be limited by completely removing the basic infrastructure of commerce. The union of cryptography, ubiquitous portable computers and low-cost- standards-based wireless networking does not guarantee free speech, but it does guarantee that such restrictions imply an inability to conduct modern business and a dramatically lowered standard of living. In this environment freedom of speech is atomic - it cannot be partially limited. It can be both global and instantaneous. Most importantly, it is not dependent on centralized public networks like the Internet. It will be shown that tools available to anyone in a society that takes part in modern commerce are all that is required for anonymous free speech. It will further be shown that such tools must be available for such a society to continue participating in modern commerce, and that their availability is an all or nothing proposition. Finally, it will be shown that a high value should be placed on open standards and interoperability as well as peer-centric attitudes towards communication and networks. Taken as a whole, the FSOSA concept should be used to encourage free speech and to discourage policymakers from pursuing policies that are destined either to fail, or to relegate them to the "stone age". Free Speech Or Stone Age All digital information can be encrypted, and a rich set of tools exists to hide the use of encryption. These tools are widely used for all manner of commerce such as online banking and corporate intranets. Even the most mundane protection of a cafe or hotel wireless network implies encryption tools sufficient to protect any piece of data[1]. Even if these tools were not already universally adopted, they can themselves be hidden, as can their use. Therefore, the only way to keep a piece of data from a person or group is to deny posession of general purpose computers and to deny all international travelers from importing their own. Portable computers are now largely ubiquitous[2] and the price of older models approaches zero[3]. Their mass adoption and the reliance on them by every economic sector makes them synonymous with modern commerce. As with the software that hides information, the device it runs on cannot be proscribed without breaking a society away from modern commerce. Finally, standardized wireless protocols have been established worldwide. These protocols, like the familiar "Wi-Fi" family or the CDMA and GSM mobile telephone protocols, as well as the more specialized bluetooth and wireless USB, make it possible to negotiate communications between disparate hardware and computing platforms. While participation on a particular network may imply costs, direct point to point connections, or ad-hoc internets have no cost other than hardware and electricity[4]. Significantly, repeating, reflecting, amplifying or otherwise obfuscating the signal can make it difficult to quickly locate the source of these wireless communications, while merely receiving them remains simple. This is especially true in densely populated urban environments. Once again, the standardization and interoperability of these protocols that so readily enables anonymous free speech are the same qualities that make them so valuable to commerce. You cannot restrict access to this functionality and continue to take part in modern commerce. A Thought Experiment Oceania is a statist, authoritarian society transitioning from a planned economy to some semblance of a free market. They participate in all manner of modern commerce and allow relatively free internal movement as well as (most importantly) foreign visitors. Various cultural mores, combined with a reactionary government, have established certain documents, and even certain topics as forbidden. Materials in physical form are confiscated and destroyed, and electronic documents accessible through the Internet are either removed from national providers, or blocked from international links. Violation of these proscriptions incurs criminal charges and often harsh prison sentences. In this scenario partaking of, or distributing the proscribed speech in a personally identifiable manner (while avoiding repurcussion) is impossible. The legal and technical controls erected by the state are sufficient to restrict conventional free speech, such as physical paper media, large public gatherings and fixed broadcast infrastructure. No matter how selective you are in your distribution, or how modest your distribution network is, eventually an agent of the state can witness you passing out a leaflet, or can trace a television signal back to a source antenna. However, personally identifiable speech is not our goal, nor are conventional delivery mechanisms. The phrase "free speech or stone age" does not imply those abilities. What it does imply is that all of these communications can still occur, with relative ease, in any state such as Oceania. If general purpose computers are allowed to be imported by travelers and possessed by nationals, then any piece of data can be possessed and perfectly hidden. If standards-based wireless communication is available, then this hidden data can be transferred arbitrarily between users, perfectly disguised as legal traffic. Using those basic building blocks, all manner of anonymous publication, distribution and consumption can occur, and there is nothing Oceania can do to stop it. Stone Age Societies There is nothing the state can do to stop this, that is, other than choosing to live in the "stone age". It is worth noting that some states in the 21st century have, in fact, made this choice. The "free speech or stone age" concept does, unfortunately, imply the ability of a state to divorce itself from modern commerce and accept the drastically limited possibilities and reduced standard of living that this implies. North Korea circa 2008 is a good example of this. This government has successfully curtailed free speech, even in anonymous form, by restricting international travel, by the probable de jure (and certainly de facto) proscription of computing devices, and lack of access to standards-based wireless communication. [5] Whether they realize it or not, it is impossible for them to become a part of modern commerce without, by definition, losing this ability to curtailing speech. Attempts to enter modern commerce in a piecemeal fashion will also fail - probably very quickly. Once general purpose computing devices are introduced, and standards based wireless protocols are available, only a single international traveler or cross border signal is necessary to introduce any form of information. Looking beyond North Korea, it's not impossible for a state to move backwards, dropping out of modern commerce to pursue total control over information (which implies, essentially, an absence of information). This is very unlikely, however, and the steps that some states have taken towards this [6], however chilling, will surely fail. If there is any doubt as to how important it is to remain connected to modern commerce, consider the severe economic impact of the 2002/2003 SARS epidemic and how desperate the countries involved were to normalize ties of commerce and tourism. Consider further the infrastructure providers in the developed world whose profits depend on continued adoption and proliferation of the very technologies that make curtailing speech impossible. A Call to Action Many people alive today greatly overestimate the ability of the state they live in to curtail their anonymous free speech. It is my hope that demonstrating the access to that speech which modern commerce implies will encourage these people to begin speaking. It is my further hope that as our technical sophistication grows, it is accompanied by an increasing value placed on open, extensible standards and general purpose computing devices. If we are optimizing simply to communicate, it is not processor speed or OS version or disk size that matter as much as simple things like Ethernet, TCP/IP, USB, (S)ATA and the like. A relatively higher value should be placed on devices that contain widely adopted, standard interfaces such as this. Devices or implementations that alter these specifications, or contain proprietary protocols should be highly suspect if not avoided altogether. [7] Further, while "appliances" with simplified feature sets are convenient, it is general purpose computing devices that enable the ability to obfuscate information arbitrarily. Appliances are quite useful, and will therefore proliferate, but we must retain access to general purpose computing devices. Content protection, digital rights management (DRM) and other seemingly reasonable schemes for information usage are not merely relevant to consumption of mass media - they are steps away from the toolset required for free speech and should be viewed with suspicion. Finally, I would like greater understanding of the fact that the Internet, and the client role that users assume on that fixed infrastructure, is not a given. Ad-hoc networks can be brought into existence easily, and usually without any additional cost, promoting the user from a client to a peer. The same is true for mobile devices and entrenched wireless carriers. If you don't like the network you're communicating on, start a new one. The basic tools of modern commerce give you everything you need to do so. A Call to Caution Speakers should be ever vigilant and exercise great care. Just because tools exist to enable your speech does not mean you will use them properly, nor does it mean that low technology methods of survelliance and coercion cannot be used on you. Educate yourself, be as conservative as possible in what you say and how much you say of it, and live free to speak another day. [1] These tools are almost universally broken in their implementation and nearly worthless in providing security to the wireless networks that use them. They are ubiquitous, however, and their legal use implies the ability to use similar tools which would not, presumably, be as poorly implemented. [2] Notebooks Pass Desktops In US Retail http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9584_22-146603.html PC Milestone - Notebooks Outsell Desktops http://news.cnet.com/PC-milestone--notebooks-outsell-desktops/2100-1047_3-5… [3] Brand new general purpose PC laptops can be purchased in Vietnam for less than $100 in 2009. Used laptops can be found for much, much less. [4] It should be understood that electricity is not always a trivial resource to obtain, but inasmuch as we are discussing the freedom to communicate on computer networks, it is safe to assume that it can be obtained. [5] North Korea has, in the past, deployed cellular telephone networks, and appears to be doing so again with a CDMA network provided by Orascom. Presumably the Democratic People's Republic of Korea believes that such technology can be controlled in ways so as not to eventually allow arbitrary communications, but they are wrong. Only by so severely limiting such a network so as to make it incompatible with modern commerce will they continue to curtail free speech. [6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Shield_Project [7] Avoiding non-standard and proprietary hardware and software has long been considered good practice, but strictly for the sake of technical concerns. Now we may add human values to the list of reasons that open standards are important. John Kozubik - john(a)kozubik.com - http://www.kozubik.com

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