January 2006 - cypherpunks-legacy

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16 Jan '06

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16 Jan '06

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Apple's new dual-core iMacs come with Infineon TPM onboard
by Eugen Leitl 16 Jan '06

16 Jan '06

http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/68398 </kraut> -- Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org ______________________________________________________________ ICBM: 48.07100, 11.36820 http://www.ativel.com 8B29F6BE: 099D 78BA 2FD3 B014 B08A 7779 75B0 2443 8B29 F6BE [demime 1.01d removed an attachment of type application/pgp-signature which had a name of signature.asc]

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WIRED: Anonymity on a Disk
by Eugen Leitl 16 Jan '06

16 Jan '06

http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,70017-0.html?tw=wn_tophead_1 By Quinn Norton | Also by this reporter WASHINGTON DC -- To many privacy geeks, it's the holy grail -- a totally anonymous and secure computer so easy to use you can hand it to your grandmother and send her off on her own to the local Starbucks. That was the guiding principle for the members of kaos.theory security research when they set out to put a secure crypto-heavy operating systems on a bootable CD: a disk that would offer the masses the same level of privacy available to security professionals, but with an easy user interface. "If Granny's into trannies, and doesn't want her grandkids to know, she should be able to download without fear," says Taylor Banks, project leader. It's a difficult problem, entailing a great deal of attention to both security details and usability issues. The group finally unveiled their finished product at the Shmoo Con hacker conference here Saturday, with mixed results. Titled Anonym.OS, the system is a type of disk called a "live CD" -- meaning it's a complete solution for using a computer without touching the hard drive. Developers say Anonym.OS is likely the first live CD based on the security-heavy OpenBSD operating system. OpenBSD running in secure mode is relatively rare among desktop users. So to keep from standing out, Anonym.OS leaves a deceptive network fingerprint. In everything from the way it actively reports itself to other computers, to matters of technical minutia such as TCP packet length, the system is designed to look like Windows XP SP1. "We considered part of what makes a system anonymous is looking like what is most popular, so you blend in with the crowd," explains project developer Adam Bregenzer of Super Light Industry. Booting the CD, you are presented with a text based wizard-style list of questions to answer, one at a time, with defaults that will work for most users. Within a few moments, a fairly naive user can be up and running and connected to an open Wi-Fi point, if one is available. Once you're running, you have a broad range of anonymity-protecting applications at your disposal. But actually using the system can be a slow experience. Anonym.OS makes extensive use of Tor, the onion routing network that relies on an array of servers passing encrypted traffic to permit untraceable surfing. Sadly, Tor has recently suffered from user-base growth far outpacing the number of servers available to those users -- at last count there were only 419 servers worldwide. So Tor lags badly at times of heavy use. Between Tor's problems, and some nagging performance issues on the disk itself, Banks concedes that the CD is not yet ready for the wide audience he hopes to someday serve. "Is Grandma really going to be able to use it today? I don't know. If she already uses the internet, yes." Experts also say Anonym.OS may not solve the internet's most pressing issues, such as the notorious China problem: repressive governments that monitor their population's net access, and censor or jail citizens who speak out against the government. Ethan Zuckerman, fellow with Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society, works extensively with international bloggers and journalists, many of whom live under constant threat from their own governments. He see Anonym.OS as a blessing for some -- but not for those at the greatest risk. "I think it's going to be tremendously useful for fairly sophisticated users when they are traveling, but where it may not be as effective as people would hope is in counties where the government is really seriously about locking down the net, constraining internet access," Zuckerman says. Because most people in the developing world use the internet from shared desktop environments, services for them have to consider office place and cyber cafe-based computer situations. "Rebooting isn't often an option," explains Zuckerman, who would like to see anonymity solutions move toward minimally invasive strategies like the TorPark, a USB key that allows access to a Tor enabled browser without rebooting, and private proxies matched up one by one with dissidents. But kaos.theory members say Anonym.OS is just the first step in making anonymity widely available. Future versions, they say, may run on a USB keychain. Additionally, they plan to implement Enigmail to allow encrypted e-mail for Thunderbird and Gaim Off The Record, which allows users to use instant messaging without their logs being tied to them. David Del Torto, chief security officer of the non-profit CryptoRights group, says projects like Anonym.OS are heading in the right direction, but thinks the project overreaches by trying to be useful to everyone. "Grandmas are not the ones that need this right now.... My instincts tell me that it's a very small number of people (that can use Anonym.OS). You can't really solve this problem by simplifying the interface. It's almost impossible to anticipate everything a user can do to hurt themselves." -- Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org ______________________________________________________________ ICBM: 48.07100, 11.36820 http://www.ativel.com 8B29F6BE: 099D 78BA 2FD3 B014 B08A 7779 75B0 2443 8B29 F6BE [demime 1.01d removed an attachment of type application/pgp-signature which had a name of signature.asc]

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Thanks for being a good friend!
by Lee Duffy 15 Jan '06

15 Jan '06

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size gains
by alison hill 15 Jan '06

15 Jan '06

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Sovereignty in cyberspace: Two legal scholars puncture the myth of the borderless, lawless Internet
by Eugen Leitl 15 Jan '06

15 Jan '06

http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/01/15/sovereignty_in_c… erspace?mode=PF Sovereignty in cyberspace Two legal scholars puncture the myth of the borderless, lawless Internet By Christopher Shea | January 15, 2006 LESS THAN a decade ago, in his famous ''Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace," the Internet theorist John Perry Barlow wrote, ''Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel....You have no sovereignty where we gather." How quickly things change. In a 2000 case, a French court ruled that Yahoo, an American company, had to follow French law and make sure that no Nazi memorabilia could be purchased online in France via Yahoo auction sites. Yahoo first decried the effort as censorship, then claimed it was impossible to identify French Web surfers. Now, just as French judges demanded, Yahoo uses geographic-filtering software to make sure websites viewable in France comply with French standards. (It uses that same software to give French viewers French-language ads.) China, another flesh-and-steel giant, has also proved itself surprisingly agile. Chinese officials use Cisco hardware to keep any website with an ''offensive" message from getting through its borders and Microsoft products to screen words like ''democracy" and ''multiparty elections" from blogs. Last fall, Chinese officials demanded that Yahoo trace the identity of a journalist who had leaked information about a Communist Party meeting to an American website. Yahoo complied, and the man is now serving a 10-year sentence. In other words, forget all that talk about a borderless utopia and about blogs dissolving dictatorships-or at least tamp it down. When it comes to the Internet, ''The story of the next 10 years will be one of rising government power," says Tim Wu, a former marketing executive for a Silicon Valley company who now teaches law at Columbia. While some countries are committed to a fundamentally ''closed" Internet, others want it open. Since technology permits both approaches, Wu adds, ''I wouldn't be surprised if we saw an Internet version of the Cold War." Wu is coauthor, with Harvard law professor Jack L. Goldsmith, of the iconoclastic forthcoming book, ''Who Controls the Internet?" (an excerpt of which appears this month in Legal Affairs magazine). The book, to be published in March, could be called an example of ''cyberrealism" in two ways. It grafts the hard-nosed ''realist" school of foreign policy-states and state interests are what matters-onto an analysis of what's going on with the Web today. It also tries to deflate hype by arguing that most of the supposedly unprecedented issues raised by the Internet can be handled by existing concepts in international law. . . . Goldsmith, an international law expert hired by Harvard in 2004, has a history of contrarianism. He has already shaken up his field with his claims that treaties never force nations to do anything that isn't already in their interest to do. In ''The Limits of International Law" (2005), cowritten with Eric A. Posner, of the University of Chicago, Goldsmith and Posner argued that there are various reasons a country might decide to end torture-if it wants to take an issue away from dissidents or to gain access to American markets. But human-rights treaties and ''international law talk" are mostly window dressing. That book infuriated some international-affairs scholars, and the new book-which contains entertaining accounts of key episodes in Internet history as well as legal arguments-similarly flouts conventional wisdom. For example, what do you think protects eBay customers from fraud? Is it the much-lauded ''feedback" system that lets buyers and sellers rate one another's trustworthiness-the feature the columnist and globalization guru Thomas Friedman says has made eBay a ''self-governed nation-state." Or can you shop on eBay safely for the same reason Friedman can walk New York streets without getting mugged: American laws and American cops? In fact, Goldsmith and Wu observe, eBay's ''level of integration with and dependence on law enforcement is remarkable." The company employs hundreds of internal security experts, who mine data for suspicious patterns of activity and alert US officials when they detect scams. Indeed, eBay has found it can't operate in countries-like Russia-without strong legal systems. The rising importance of national borders creates headaches for online stores and publishers, but Wu and Goldsmith mostly shrug at the difficulties-unlike many of their peers. Some civil libertarians find it rather ominous that foreign nations have claimed their citizens' right to file libel suits against American websites. But Wu and Goldsmith note that England's wanting to ban libelous speech (by its standards) streaming across its borders is no different than America's wanting to keep shoddy Chinese cars from crossing its. And international law already handles cases-like pollution drift-in which domestic events have effects abroad. Wu and Goldsmith argue that a varied patchwork of national laws will be more representative of peoples' desires than any Internet-wide standard could possibly be. Filtering software makes it relatively easy for media companies to keep information out of countries that don't want it-and individual bloggers are probably unreachable by foreign lawsuits, since they have no assets in those countries. Plus, people like the bordered, geographically rooted Internet. What good is that delightful 1-800 FLOWERS ad if you live in Kenya? That will surely sound a bit too neat to the cyberlaw theorists who think it is new that anyone with a website is now subject to the laws of hundreds of nations. Still others will contest the book's claims that China has gotten so good at controlling the Internet that its liberating possibilities are effectively counterbalanced. ''There's no doubt the [Chinese] government is tightening controls on the Internet," says Robert Wright, author of ''Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny," ''and there's a reason for that: The old controls aren't working." It's too soon, Wu responds, to know whether China will master thought control on the Internet. He thinks it might. But the authors' larger point is unassailable. National laws, national borders, and physical bodies matter a lot more online than people used to think. ''There is this surprising lasting relevance to physical coercion," Wu says. It still matters-for online writers, eBay scamsters, and Chinese dissidents alike. Christopher Shea's column appears biweekly in Ideas. E-mail critical.faculties(a)versizon.net. -- Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org ______________________________________________________________ ICBM: 48.07100, 11.36820 http://www.ativel.com 8B29F6BE: 099D 78BA 2FD3 B014 B08A 7779 75B0 2443 8B29 F6BE [demime 1.01d removed an attachment of type application/pgp-signature which had a name of signature.asc]

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[selected.by.rael@rael-science.org: [rael-science] UK: The politics of paranoia]
by Eugen Leitl 15 Jan '06

15 Jan '06

Source: The Independent http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/article338692.ece The politics of paranoia Nobody is off limits in the Prime Minister's war on terror. Now he wants to dispose of the 'Wilson Doctrine' and bug his own MPs. But does the state need more power to spy on us? Francis Elliott reports A Prime Minister deeply distrustful of many of his own MPs, intent on fighting a war with the "enemy within". Parallels between Tony Blair and Harold Wilson have been charted before. The news that Mr Blair is preparing to ditch his predecessor's pledge never to tap the phones of Britain's MPs suggests that the current occupant of No 10 has less regard for constitutional niceties. Mr Blair knows that bugging elected representatives will be fiercely opposed by many in Parliament but is confident he can argue the case over their heads that nothing - and no one - should be off-limits in the fight against terrorism. "Let no one be in any doubt," he declared in the wake of the London bombings, "the rule of the game are changing." In truth, say critics, the rules have been changing ever since Mr Blair became PM and he has overseen a massive expansion of the state's capacity to spy on private individuals. There can be little doubt that, over the past eight years, technology and new legislation have significantly increased the security services' capacity to peer into our lives. From the dramatic expansion of DNA and other databases to the multiple surveillance applications of satellite technology and new powers to read emails and texts, little now remains obscured from official snooping. Indeed, the Prime Minister recently boasted that he had "doubled the capacity" of MI5 in recent years. Mr Blair has used the threat of international terrorism or crime to justify every reduction of civil liberty while pledging the safeguard of democratic oversight. Now even that oversight is under attack as the 40-year-old convention that MPs' communications should not be intercepted is to be torn up. The history of how the Wilson Doctrine came into existence helps to explain why senior MPs and constitutional experts are so concerned at its imminent demise. In late 1966, in the midst of the Cold War, Wilson had been forced on to the defensive after his extraordinary attack on the organisers of a seamen's strike, among whom was a young John Prescott. Challenged to justify his claim that the union was being manipulated by a "tightly knit group of politically motivated men", Wilson hinted at intelligence supplied by MI5. It caused an uproar, and MPs demanded to know whether their phones were being tapped. On 17 November Wilson appeared in the Commons to give a statement that has been endorsed by every subsequent Prime Minister - until now. Wilson said there "should be no tapping whatsoever" of MPs' phones and that if it was considered necessary to change the policy, the Commons would be told. Wilson said that he understood the "seriousness" of concerns, "particularly if tapping comes to be developed in this country on the scale on which it has developed in other countries". He could have little conception about the "scale" of interception technology 40 years on, nor how much the state could know about the lives of its citizens. As detailed on this page, the scope for surveillance is increasing rapidly thanks to satellites, scanners, CCTV, information sharing and, shortly, ID cards. The legislative framework for this spying boom is laid out in the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (Ripa) 2000, which was supposed to reconcile new methods of snooping with human rights. New watchdogs were created supposedly to ensure that the security services kept within the rules. But, ironically, Mr Blair says it is one of the new regulators who is pressing for the change to the Wilson Doctrine. In an almost unnoticed Commons statement last month, the PM said that Sir Swinton Thomas, the Interception of Communications Commissioner, had written to him saying that Ripa's "regulatory framework" had "possible implications" for the ban on tapping MPs' phones. Most ministers and officials involved in the issue believe, however, that it is Mr Blair who is most keen to sweep away what he believes is a "Cold War anomaly". The doctrine has come close to being breached on a number of previous occasions. Two years ago, for example, it emerged that it clearly does not extend to Sinn Fein's elected representatives. Gerry Adams revealed that a listening device had been planted in a car used by him and other senior party figures. Eliza Manningham-Buller, head of MI5, was later reported to have privately admitted that the security services planted the bug. However, since Mr Adams refuses to swear an oath of allegiance to the Queen, he is not formally an MP - and is therefore considered fair game by the snoopers. It is incidents like this that lead experts such as Peter Hennessy, professor of contemporary history at Queen Mary, University of London, to believe that the doctrine is scrupulously observed by the security services at all times. Nevertheless, he says he finds it "pretty odd" that the Government is preparing to dismantle it. Only Mr Blair's sternest critics would suggest that he is motivated by anything other than a desire to give to the security services everything they say they need to tackle terrorism. The problem, as seen by champions of Parliament such as Labour MP Andrew Mackinlay, is who is to watch the watchers. "Governments can never be trusted on their own not to confuse national interest with what is in their political interest," he says. Additional reporting by Glen Kristensen and Sara Newman Big Brother Blair and the war on terror CCTV BRITAIN A fifth of the world's CCTV cameras are in the UK, and the average person is caught on film 300 times a day. Britain's four million cameras cover almost every town centre, and the numbers are growing. Each year, an estimated ?300m is spent on CCTV. The London bombings demonstrated their advantages to spectacular effect, but Liberty wants clearer controls to ensure information is not misused. PHONE TAPPING In 1997, there were 1,712 warrants allowing phone taps. In 2003, there were 4,827, about two and a half times the total when Labour came to power. The increase is more stark given that the rules have changed so warrants are issued against individuals, not communication providers, such as BT. Investigators used to need separate warrants. Now the Home Secretary need sign just one to intercept all communications. DNA DATABASE More than 5 per cent of the UK population - about three million people - are registered on one of the world's largest DNA data-bases. Anyone arrested can be sampled and permanently entered into the National DNA Database. Prosecution is not a condition for inclusion. About 140,000 people on it have not been charged or cautioned for an offence. Some 37 per cent of black males are on the register, and 9 per cent of white men. SPIES IN THE SKY Trials have started in Yorkshire of "tag-and-beacon" road pricing technology. Similar trials are to be held in London soon, possibly to replace the system for the congestion charge. But the real surveillance advance will come with satellite road pricing. Fitting tracking devices in cars to replace road tax with variable charges will also help the security services pinpoint details of every road journey made in Britain. ID CARDS ID cards are scheduled to come into use in 2008, subject to parliamentary approval. More than 50 pieces of information relating to the holder, including biometric information (iris patterns, fingerprints), will be on the cards. The Government says they will be invaluable in the fight against terrorism, organised crime and benefit fraud. Checks against a compulsory identity register are to be offered to private firms. SPIES ON THE NET The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 gave police and security services powers to monitor websites and intercept emails. The legislation provides for heavy penalties for failing to surrender passwords or encryption keys. Internet service providers are responsible for the installation of remote-controlled black boxes that relay all data passing through their computers to MI5. TRAFFIC TAGGING Details of every car numberplate, including date, time and location, are to be stored for at least two years, whether the owner has committed an offence or not. A control centre, which opens in April, can process and track 50 million plates a day. Plans are in place to enable 100 million a day, with records stored for five years. Commuters using London's Oystercard are providing a detailed record of their movements each day. BODY SCANNERS A millimetre wave machine, or "body scanner", is being tested on Heathrow Express commuters at Paddington. The scanner, a 7m-long steel box, creates a virtual image of people inside. An operator views this on a screen and can see any concealed objects. Critics say, aside from privacy, the health and safety aspects of such devices are unknown, because the technology is similar to that used on mobile phone masts. CHILD TAGGING Details on England's 11 million children are to go on an electronic database along with information on their families. Teachers, social workers and others working with children can access it. Set-up costs are estimated at ?224m, and annual running costs ?41m. Critics say the index will capture information on almost every child, except those most likely to be at risk. Trials suggest even schools have several addresses for some children. NHS DATABASE The NHS is compiling a database of medical history on all patients. Inclusion is not compulsory, but patients must actively opt out or it will be assumed they have opted in. The records would allow huge improvements in patient care, but the NHS is under pressure to allow the security services access to private medical data. It is believed MI5 has already asked to view the database. ----- End forwarded message ----- -- Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org ______________________________________________________________ ICBM: 48.07100, 11.36820 http://www.ativel.com 8B29F6BE: 099D 78BA 2FD3 B014 B08A 7779 75B0 2443 8B29 F6BE [demime 1.01d removed an attachment of type application/pgp-signature which had a name of signature.asc]

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by Lee Sutherland 15 Jan '06

15 Jan '06

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14 Jan '06

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