January 2005 - cypherpunks-legacy

Schneier to Speak to Boston CPCU (Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter) Society
by R.A. Hettinga 09 Jan '05

09 Jan '05

<http://www.licatakelleher.com/NewsPage.html> LicataandKelleherHome 137 South Street, Suite 3 Boston, MA 02111-2838 617-451-2140 x312 FLicata(a)LicataKelleher.com Security Consultant Bruce Schneier to Speak in Boston on January 20, 2005 Bruce Schneier, Founder and Chief Technical Officer of Counterpane Internet Security of Mountain View, CA will speak to the Boston Chapter of the CPCU (Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter) Society. Counterpane provides Managed Security Services to organizations worldwide. Schneier is an internationally renowned security technologist who was described by The Economist as a "security guru." He is the author of eight books. His book on computer and network security, Secrets and Lies, was called by Fortune "a jewel box of little surprises you can actually use." His current book, Beyond Fear, tackles the problems of security from the small to the large, from computer security to physical security, and security on the whole. His address will be on the subjects of privacy and security, with emphasis on computer and network security. Date: Thursday, January 20, 2005 Time: 7:30 - 8:00 AM Registration 8:00 - 8:30 Breakfast 8:30 - 9:30 Speaker Presentation Place: Newton Marriott 2345 Commonwealth Ave., Newton, MA (at Rte 128 and Mass Pike) Tel 617-969-1000 Topic: Security, With Particular Emphasis on Network and Computer Security Cost: $35.00 per person For more information, contact Frank Licata, CPCU Program Chair, at xFLicata(a)LicataKelleher.com -- ----------------- R. A. Hettinga <mailto: rah(a)ibuc.com> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation <http://www.ibuc.com/> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'

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E-purse and e-gate facility at airport soon
by R.A. Hettinga 09 Jan '05

09 Jan '05

<http://www.timesofoman.com/print.asp?newsid=9352> Times of Oman - Local News (Monday, January 10, 2005) E-purse and e-gate facility at airport soon By Adarsh Madhavan MUSCAT - Oman will be introducing a host of applications on the smart card, or the national identity card, soon. A top application, which will be introduced this year, will enable the national ID card users to utilise the e-gate (*) (electronic gates) 'fast track' facility at the Seeb International Airport. But even when this facility is launched, it will be only for Omanis and expatriate (nationals and residents) businessmen/women as an initial arrangement. This was unveiled by Colonel (Dr) Sulaiman bin Mohammed Al Harthy, director-general of civil status at the Royal Oman Police (ROP), yesterday. Colonel Sulaiman Al Harthy told newsmen on the sidelines of a seminar, conducted by the Directorate-General of Civil Status and the Bahwan IT, the information technology division of the Suhail Bahwan Group, and Gemplus, their technology partners, which was held at Grand Hyatt Muscat yesterday that the e-gate facility will be only for the private sector businessmen/women. It will be available only to them when it is introduced. Colonel Al Harthy also added that they "would rather wait and evaluate the situation for a while (before implementing it for others). At the moment, it will be only for the businessmen/women in the private sector who are holding the resident cards". Another top facility, which is on the cards and a major priority for the Sultanate, is the e-purse, Colonel Al Harthy added. The e-purse (or the electronic purse) would be like a debit card, which has currency or cash loaded on to the card as an electronic value. It can be used at kiosks, gas stations, vending machines etc and even over the Internet. "For the customer, it offers a very high level of security (unlike the credit card numbers which we give over the Net, here digital keys are exchanged and encryption levels and standards followed are to the highest, so that the customer can rest assured with a high level of security)," Ramakrishna Sathyagopal, principal consultant of Data Capture Solutions, Bahwan IT (formerly SSB Computer Division), a division of Bahwan Trading Co. LLC, explained, adding that it also offers a great deal of convenience to the user who would not have to carry any cash with him/her. Meanwhile, Oman is the first country in the AGCC and the entire Middle East to issue smart cards as a national ID card. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar have now followed suit. Colonel Al Harthy was on the upbeat when queried on their expectations after the launch of this card. "It is really up to our expectations and the response of the pubic was great. We really appreciate that," he said. Although the message about the new cards were loud and clear, they would try to emphasise or renew the message whenever they would be introducing new applications, he added. Colonel Al Harthy, was the first speaker at the seminar highlighted details of the card. He was followed by Hisham Surakhi, business development manager, Gemplus, Middle East and Emmanuel Quedreux, project manager, Gemplus, France. Also present was M. K. Janaki Raman, general manager of Bahwan IT and Pierre Servetazz, director of Gemplus, Middle East. The audience comprised of government officials, businessmen, those in the IT segment, and other dignitaries. Also present were Amal Bahwan, director of Bahwan IT; Aqeed Abdullah bin Jameel bin Saif Al Quraini, head of ITS at the Ministry of Defence. The civil status project in Oman is an execution of the Royal Decree No. (66/99), which ordained that the Civil Status Law be issued, and whose article (2) decreed that a new directorate be established and added to the existing group of general directorates of the ROP to execute the Civil Status Law. So far, a total 200,000 cards have been issued. Of this, a total of 150,000 cards have been issued to Omanis and the remaining 50,000, expatriates. According to the plan, as specified by Colonel Al Harthy, all expatriates (starting from children who have reached 15) would be issued their cards by the end of 2006. By the end of 2007, beginning of 2008, all Omanis would be holding their cards. The Directorate General of Civil Status, ROP is the owner of this card. Their long-term vision is to promote this card as the ubiquitous form of mass media, which can be used for identification and authentication, officials from Bahwan IT said. Information such as the civil number of the bearer, a record of marriage, birth and other personal details are already loaded into the card, enabling automated electronic reading of the card possible. Being a smart card, applications on this can be anything from a driver's licence or a health card to digital signatures to a bank card, the officials said. The card includes the carrier's demographic data along with a digital photograph and an electronic fingerprint template making identification, verification and authentication possible by manual and machine readable forms. A person can thus prove who he claims to be at multiple locations, with a single card. With its PKI (public key infrastructure) application readiness, applications like utility/bill payments are envisaged, making e-commerce a reality in the near future. The card itself is a leveller as everyone above the age of 15 would possess one and the DGCS has provided ample user space on the card for it to accommodate many different programs, so multiple applications can easily be added on. All of this will enable bearers of the card better service by simplifying procedures, saving time and effort, thereby commanding wider user acceptance. The DGCS has recognised and acknowledged Bahwan ITs capabilities to take this forward by giving permission to work along with them and Gemplus, Bahwan IT officials said. "We, at the Bahwan IT, the systems integrator for the card applications, with our expertise in this technology, our skills with software development and project management aim to make the Sultanate a closer place, redefining convergence in its true sense by facilitating multiple applications on the card," the officials said. "It is a privilege for Bahwan IT to be working along with the DGCS, ROP on the national ID cards and their applications and with Gemplus being the global leader in Smart Card technology, Bahwan IT honours their invaluable support," they added. New cards with renewed visas MUSCAT - The new national identity cards will be issued to resident expatriates when their visa expires and not when their labour card expires, Colonel (Dr) Sulaiman bin Mohammed Al Harthy, director-general of civil status, ROP, clarified to a query yesterday. "The resident expatriate needs to get his/her national ID card only when their visa expires," Colonel Harthy said. "For those expatriates (in the private sector) who have a visa, which is valid for more than a year, would need to renew their labour card for a year and then wait until the visa expires and then get the new national ID card," he explained. "But, they have to be careful, for sometimes, there can be an overlap between the visa and the labour card, so if they (the expatriates) exceed the allowed time for the Ministry of Manpower, they would have to pay a fine." Family members and children (above 15) should also apply for their national ID card when their visa expires. The labour card becomes obsolete once this national ID card is issued." Colonel Al Harthy noted that the visa would be "embedded in the national ID card. Therefore, an ID card holder (expatriate) will have two visas. One, which will be the stamp in the passport and the other on the ID card itself." To a query, Colonel Harthy said: "Only the ROP will be having access to the information on the ID card. "But, then if you go to a bank and want to open an account, then they would be having the facility to access the information. However, there will be information, which is public, and which they can access and the other private/confidential information, others will not be able to access." Colonel Al Harthy also noted that offences would not be registered on the ID card. Boon for businessmen By A Staff Reporter MUSCAT -The fast-track e-gate facility (*) at the airport will prove to be quite a boon for the private sector businessmen and women, who are constantly on the move. "This will enable the user to avoid long queues, which may prove to be time consuming," Ramakrishna Sathyagopal, principal consultant of Data Capture Solutions, Bahwan IT (formerly SSB Computer Division), a division of Bahwan Trading Co. LLC, told the Times of Oman yesterday. "The smart card will have a biometric template loaded on it. And when the passenger arrives at the airport, he/she will be having the card and will also be directly present there. "So, it enables the user to immediately prove their status. As reports note, it would provide a 'one-to-one' match or authentication. And so when the smart card is put into the e-gate facility it authenticates the person's fingerprint (from the fingerprint scanner) with the fingerprint present on the card. "Basically, this would mean that users can avoid queuing up and the checking process would be done very quickly. Because it checks both the fingerprint as well as the card, it will prove to be an absolutely foolproof method," Ramakrishna said. -- ----------------- R. A. Hettinga <mailto: rah(a)ibuc.com> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation <http://www.ibuc.com/> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'

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[ShmooCon-News] Saturday night's con
by R.A. Hettinga 09 Jan '05

09 Jan '05

--- begin forwarded text

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Tasers for Cops Not You
by John Young 09 Jan '05

09 Jan '05

NY Times reports today that SEC is investigating Taser for possible financial irregularity: as last day of business for 2004 racked up a $700,000 sale to an AZ gun shop which brags it sells to civilians, but only a few so far. And that the AZ AG is informally looking at sale of the stun guns to civilians, with cops protesting civilian access to the neatest cop joy toy. However, Taser claims the civilian version is effective only to 15 feet while the LE version will explose a heart at 20 feet. And, Taser says "accidental deaths caused by the shock would have happened to those sick persons anyway." Well, yes, homicidal cops say the perps were begging for it, learning such talk from the president and up to the one who has fun with joy toy tsunamis. Exculpation, says the king, is divine, and my Taser shocks shit further than yours. Here are photos of the Taser in manufacture, sale, training, promo, and accidental misfire: http://cryptome.org/taser-eyeball.htm

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Re: California Bans a Large-Caliber Gun, and the Battle Is On
by Major Variola (ret) 08 Jan '05

08 Jan '05

At 09:53 AM 1/4/05 -0500, R.A. Hettinga wrote: >Terri Carbaugh, a spokeswoman for the governor, said Mr. Schwarzenegger, a >Republican, had made his position clear during his campaign. > > "It's a military-type weapon," Ms. Carbaugh said of the .50 BMG, "and he >believes the gun presents a clear and present danger to the general public." Ms C has earned herself a few hundred footpounds, or a few meters of rope and tree-rental. The Constitution explicitly protects our right to bear military (not animal-hunting) arms. ------ An RPG a day keeps the occupiers away.

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[FoRK] Hamachi "mediated" peer-to-peer sounds interesting (fwd from meltsner@gmail.com)
by Eugen Leitl 08 Jan '05

08 Jan '05

----- Forwarded message from Ken Meltsner <meltsner(a)gmail.com> -----

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TSA: Tests going well for Secure Flight
by R.A. Hettinga 07 Jan '05

07 Jan '05

<http://www.cnn.com/2005/TRAVEL/01/07/passenger.screening.ap/index.html> CNN TSA: Tests going well for Secure Flight Friday, January 7, 2005 Posted: 11:21 AM EST (1621 GMT) WASHINGTON (AP) -- The government has begun testing a computerized screening system that compares airline passengers' names with those on terrorist watch lists, a Transportation Security Administration official said Thursday. Called "Secure Flight," it's meant to replace a plan that never got to the testing stage because of criticism that it gave the government access to too much personal information. Testing of Secure Flight began November 30. No announcement was made; TSA spokesman Justin Oberman disclosed its status when asked by The Associated Press. The testing has not turned up any suspected terrorists. Oberman said the agency expects to wrap up the first phase of testing in a month. "The technology is working, doing exactly what we wanted it to do," he said. The TSA is testing data on passengers who flew domestic flights on U.S. airlines in June. The airlines, concerned about upsetting passengers, had refused to turn over the information, but the TSA issued a security directive ordering them to do so. About 1.9 million passengers travel by air daily, and part of the test will see if the government's system can handle that much information. The government has sought to improve its process for making sure terrorists don't get on planes since the September 11 hijackers exposed holes in the system. Airlines now simply match passenger names against government watch lists of people considered threats. Federal authorities don't disclose criteria for placing people on the lists, how many names are listed or any identities. In a number of well-publicized incidents, people with names similar to those on the lists were stopped from boarding planes. Among them was Sen. Edward M. Kennedy, D-Massachusetts. Marcia Hofmann, attorney for the Electronic Privacy Information Center, a Washington-based advocacy group, said many problems remain with the Secure Flight program. "The redress process is still a question mark," Hofmann said. "The ability of individuals to access and correct information that is being used to make determinations about them is still at issue." Oberman said the agency is working on a way for passengers to appeal if they think they've been wrongly identified as terrorists. Under Secure Flight, the airlines would electronically transmit to the government passenger names as well as other identifying information. The government would then match that information with the terrorist watch lists; names on those lists are supposed to include biographical information. The passenger information that's being tested is known as passenger name records, or PNR. It can include credit card numbers, travel itineraries, addresses, telephone numbers and meal requests. Oberman said further testing will show whether the system can handle a surge of information during busy air travel periods. Name-matching software will also be fine-tuned, he said. The TSA says Secure Flight differs from the previous plan because it does not compare personal data with commercial databases. Privacy advocates were concerned that doing so would allow the government to accumulate vast amounts of sensitive information about people who weren't suspected of breaking the law. The agency said, however, it will test the passenger information "on a very limited basis" against commercial data to see if that could reduce the number of people who are confused with names on watch lists. Before that happens, though, the Government Accountability Office must report to Congress on the TSA's plan to test the commercial data. That's expected by the end of March. Oberman said he expects testing will be completed by then. However, it's unclear when Secure Flight will be implemented. -- ----------------- R. A. Hettinga <mailto: rah(a)ibuc.com> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation <http://www.ibuc.com/> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'

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DRM Tinkering with Intel's PXA270?
by Eugen Leitl 07 Jan '05

07 Jan '05

Link: http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/01/07/1137224 Posted by: Cliff, on 2005-01-07 20:10:00 from the don't-refuse-me dept. putko asks: "Intel has a new line of chips with DRM built in. This appears to be the [1]very first DRM-enabled chip to hit the streets. This microprocessor is unlike others available, because the user doesn't have complete control over the thing, and [2]your computer can (theoretically) betray you. For a while now, there have been computers (IBM ThinkPad) that won't boot unless you give the password, but you could always rip out the hard drive and read it, right? With this chip, the keys and RAM are on the chip, and the flash is encrypted, so this really looks locked up tight. Has anyone worked with this chip, and is possible to build your own device that uses the Intel Trusted Wireless Platform to protect your secrets (like your software, perhaps)?" [3]Click Here "I'm reminded of this due to Slashdot's recent story on the [4]iPAQ, which uses the chip (and has some neat security features too). Somewhat surprisingly, nobody brought up the Doomsday scenarios, there. It should also be mentioned that there are companies [5]selling incredibly tiny boards for it. Maybe you can run Linux on them? Wouldn't it suck if the chip had the capabilities and you couldn't use them in your own projects -- e.g. if that was just reserved to big companies like Microsoft? On the other hand, if you can use the features, you might see some neat applications. Assuming you can program the DRM stuff, how do you avoid locking yourself out of the chip while developing? What extra pitfalls may developers run into using it?" References 1. http://www.intel.com/design/pca/prodbref/253820.htm 2. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rja14/tcpa-faq.html 3. http://ads.osdn.com/?ad_id=5717&alloc_id=12468&site_id=1&request_id=7795214… p=click&page=%2farticle%2epl 4. http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/01/05/2043247&tid=100 5. http://www.strategic-test.com/pxa270_pxa255_sbc/triton-270_pxa270-cpu_sbc.h… l ----- End forwarded message ----- -- Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> ______________________________________________________________ ICBM: 48.07078, 11.61144 http://www.leitl.org 8B29F6BE: 099D 78BA 2FD3 B014 B08A 7779 75B0 2443 8B29 F6BE http://moleculardevices.org http://nanomachines.net [demime 1.01d removed an attachment of type application/pgp-signature]

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Atom demo fixes quantum errors
by R.A. Hettinga 07 Jan '05

07 Jan '05

<http://www.alwayson-network.com/comments.php?id=7746_0_6_0_C> Always On Atom demo fixes quantum errors TRN NewsTeam | TRN [] | POSTED: 01.07.05 @09:47 Although quantum computers promise fantastic speed for certain types of very large problems, the logical components of quantum computers -- quantum bits -- are quite fragile, which makes for a large number of errors that must be corrected. Researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology have demonstrated a way to correct errors in qubits of beryllium ions held in an electromagnetic trap. The ions represent a 1 or 0 of computer information in their spin, which can be pictured as the counterclockwise or clockwise spin of a top. One way to carry out quantum computing is to take advantage of a weird trait of quantum particles -- they can become entangled, or linked, so that properties like spin remain in lockstep. The researchers' prototype uses lasers to control the qubits' states and electrodes to move them together, which allows them to be entangled. The researchers set a primary qubit to a particular state and entangled it with two other qubits. They deliberately induced an error and then disentangled the qubits by separating them. They measured the other two qubits to determine how the primary qubit needed to be corrected. Quantum error correction schemes have been well explored theoretically, but the researchers' experiment was the first demonstration of a repeatable error-correction procedure and the first using trapped ions, which are a promising candidate for practical quantum computers. Practical quantum computing is a decade or more away. The method could be used in quantum communications applications like quantum cryptography within a few years, according to the researchers. The work appeared in the December 2, 2004 issue of Nature. -- ----------------- R. A. Hettinga <mailto: rah(a)ibuc.com> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation <http://www.ibuc.com/> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'

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[osint] All Charges Are Dismissed in Spy Case Tied to FBI
by R.A. Hettinga 07 Jan '05

07 Jan '05

A little spy-porn... Cheers, RAH --- begin forwarded text To: "Bruce Tefft" <btefft(a)community-research.com> Thread-Index: AcT0t++lIBQbqlCJT0mOlbNcWsJnqgACh7RA From: "Bruce Tefft" <btefft(a)community-research.com> Mailing-List: list osint(a)yahoogroups.com; contact osint-owner(a)yahoogroups.com Delivered-To: mailing list osint(a)yahoogroups.com Date: Fri, 7 Jan 2005 09:06:41 -0500 Subject: [osint] All Charges Are Dismissed in Spy Case Tied to FBI Reply-To: osint(a)yahoogroups.com All Charges Are Dismissed in Spy Case Tied to FBI By JOHN M. BRODER and NICK MADIGAN New York Times January 07, 2005 LLOS ANGELES, Jan. 6 - A federal judge on Thursday dismissed all charges against a Chinese-American woman accused of using a long-running sexual relationship with a senior F.B.I. agent here to obtain national security documents. The woman, Katrina Leung, a wealthy socialite from San Marino, a suburb of Los Angeles, had faced five criminal counts of unauthorized possession and copying of classified materials. The prosecutors said she removed the files from the briefcase of James J. Smith, a senior F.B.I. agent with whom Ms. Leung had an affair for 20 years. The prosecutors said they stopped short of charging her with espionage because they could not prove that she had passed the documents to China. But on Thursday, Judge Florence-Marie Cooper of Federal District Court dismissed the charges because of what she called prosecutorial misconduct. Judge Cooper agreed with Ms. Leung's lawyers that a plea agreement that prosecutors reached with Mr. Smith last spring unfairly prevented Ms. Leung's lawyers from having access to Mr. Smith, a critical witness. Mr. Smith pleaded guilty to lying to his superiors about the affair. Four other felony charges were dropped, letting him avoid prison time. In exchange, he promised to cooperate in prosecuting Ms. Leung. But the terms of the deal barred contact with the defense team. She had faced 14 years in prison if convicted. The couple were arrested in April 2003, a time of heightened sensitivity about security because of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks and years of accusations, some unproven, of Chinese espionage in the United States. "Katrina Leung's nightmare is over," the defense lawyers, Janet I. Levine and John D. Vandevelde, said in a statement. "Today, United States District Judge Florence-Marie Cooper granted our motion to dismiss all charges against Katrina because the prosecutors engaged in misconduct, gagging the chief witness against her and then trying to cover it up. You can't do that in America." The United States attorney in the case, Debra W. Yang, said she disagreed with the decision and was considering an appeal. Ms. Yang denied any misconduct on the part of her office and said the accord with Mr. Smith did not prohibit him from talking to Ms. Leung or her lawyers. "I stand behind the work of the prosecutors of this case, and I know that they have conducted themselves ethically," she said. Mr. Smith recruited Ms. Leung as an informer in the early 80's. For 20 years, she was paid $1.7 million to provide information on China. For almost all that time, she and Mr. Smith had an affair. The authorities had at first said Mr. Smith had let her gain access to secret material that she passed to the Chinese. Justice Department officials said they believed that Ms. Leung was a double agent when the F.B.I. was paying her. The initial grand jury indictment against Ms. Leung charged her with stealing sensitive national security documents from her lover, but stopped short of charging that she actually engaged in espionage by passing secrets to China. The authorities said that although they believed they had ample evidence that Ms. Leung had unauthorized access to security material, it would be harder for them to track contacts in China. The difficulty of introducing classified evidence in open court could also complicate the case, officials acknowledged. Judge Cooper admonished the government not only for denying Ms. Leung access to Mr. Smith, but also for trying to conceal the terms of the deal. "In this case," the judge wrote, "the government decided to make sure that Leung and her lawyers would not have access to Smith. When confronted with what they had done, they engaged in a pattern of stone-walling entirely unbecoming to a prosecuting agency." Ms. Leung was a prominent businesswoman and political fund-raiser among Chinese-Americans in Southern California. The authorities said they believed that Ms. Leung would "surreptitiously" take secret documents from Mr. Smith's briefcase on his many visits to her. She was indicted a day after Mr. Smith was indicted on six counts of wire fraud and gross negligence for what the authorities said was letting Ms. Leung take the papers and for lying to his supervisor about their affair and her reliability. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> Give underprivileged students the materials they need to learn. Bring education to life by funding a specific classroom project. http://us.click.yahoo.com/FHLuJD/_WnJAA/cUmLAA/TySplB/TM --------------------------------------------------------------------~-> -------------------------- Want to discuss this topic? 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We believe that this constitutes a 'fair use' of the copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Law. If you wish to use this copyrighted material for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use,' you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/osint/ <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: osint-unsubscribe(a)yahoogroups.com <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ --- end forwarded text -- ----------------- R. A. Hettinga <mailto: rah(a)ibuc.com> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation <http://www.ibuc.com/> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'

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