December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

Deniable Cryptography [was winnowing, chaffing etc]
by Julian Assange 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

mgraffam(a)mhv.net writes: > I figure the best we can do is to hide the contents of S with crypto and > hide its existence through other means. Traditional stego works well > for this latter goal, but it does not give us a way to cough up something > meaningful in place of S, which could be very handy. > > In short, certainly the existence of S needs to be hidden, and it would be > best to do hide it in plain sight as it were, in a big junk pile with > everything else on the drive. > > Indexing this huge mess of data to allow for a practical system to work > with is certainly a challenge, and in all likelyhood impossible given the > parameters of the system. > Marutukku (my rubber-hose proof filing system) addresses most of these technical issues, but I'd like to just comment on the best strategy game-theory wise, of the person wielding the rubber-hose. In Marutukku the number of encrypted extents (deniable "virtual" partitions) defaults to 16 (although is theoretically unlimited). As soon as you get over about 4 pass-phrases, the excuse "I can't recall" or "there's nothing else there" starts to sounding highly plauseable. Ordinarily best strategy for the rubber-hose wielder is to keep on beating keys out of (let us say, Alice) indefinitely till there are no keys left. However, and importantly, in Marutukku, *Alice* can never prove that she has handed over the last key. As Alice hands over more and more keys, her attackers can make observations like "the keys Alice has divulged correspond to 85% of the bits". However at no point can her attackers prove that the remaining 15% isn't simply unallocated space, and at no point can Alice, even if she wants to, divulge keys to 100% of the bits, in order to get the un-divulged portion down to 0%. An obvious point to make here is that fraction-of-total-data divulged is essentially meaningless, and both parties know it - the launch code extent may only take up .01% of the total bit-space. What I find interesting, is how this constraint on Alice's behaviour actually protects her from revealing her own keys, because each party, at the outset can make the following observations: Rubber-hose-squad: We will never be able to show that Alice has revealed the last of her keys. Further, even if Alice has co-operated fully and has revealed all of her keys, she will not be able to prove it. Therefor, we must assume that at every stage that Alice has kept secret information from us, and continue to beat her, even though she may have revealed the last of her keys. But the whole time we will feel uneasy about this because Alice may have co-operated fully. Alice will have realised this though, and so presumably it's going to be very hard to get keys out of her at all. Alice: (Having realised the above) I can never prove that I have revealed the last of my keys. In the end I'm bound for continued beating, even if I can buy brief respites by coughing up keys from time to time. Therefor, it would be foolish to divulge my most sensitive keys, because (a) I'll be that much closer to the stage where I have nothing left to divulge at all (it's interesting to note that this seemingly illogical, yet entirely valid argument of Alice's can protect the most sensitive of Alice's keys the "whole way though", like a form mathematical induction), and (b) the taste of truly secret information will only serve to make my aggressors come to the view that there is even higher quality information yet to come, re-doubling their beating efforts to get at it, even if I have revealed all. Therefor, my best strategy would be to (a) reveal no keys at all or (b) depending on the nature of the aggressors, and the psychology of the situation, very slowly reveal my "duress" and other low-sensitivity keys. Alice certainly isn't in for a very nice time of it (although she she's far more likely to protect her data). On the individual level, you would have to question whether you might want to be able to prove that, yes, infact you really have surrendered the last remaining key, at the cost of a far greater likelihood that you will. It really depends on the nature of your opponents. Are they intelligent enough understand the deniable spect of the cryptosystem and come up with the above strategy? Determined to the extent they are will to invest the time and effort in wresting the last key out of you? Ruthless - do they say "Please", hand you a Court Order, or is it more of a Room 101 affair? But there's more to the story. Organisations and groups may have quite different goals in terms of key retention vs torture relief to the individuals that comprise them, even if their views are otherwise co-aligned. I'm not talking about some mega-complex multinational 8 level hierarchy. A simple democratic union of two or more people will exhibit this behaviour. When a member of a group, who uses conventional cryptography to protect group secrets is rubber-hosed, they have two choices (1) defecting (by divulging keys) in order to save themselves, at the cost of selling the other individuals in the group down the river or (2) staying loyal, protecting the group and in the process subjugating themselves continued torture. With Marutukku-style deniable cryptography, the benefits to the individual derived from choosing tactic (1) are largely eliminated. Individuals that are "otherwise loyal" to the group, will realise this and choose tactic (2). Presumably most people in the group do not want to be forced to give up their ability to choose defection. On the other hand, no one in the group wants anyone (other than themselves) in the group to be given the option of defecting against the group (and thus themselves). Provided no individual is certain* they are to be rubber-hosed, every individual will support the adoption of a group-wide Marutukku-style cryptographically deniable crypto-system. * Actually a complicated threshold. Cheers, Julian

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17 Dec '03

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sec file
by Mihai Tarabuta 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Hi folks, I'm a newbie so I my be in a wrong place,. Anyway, can someone tell me what kind of program(MSDOS/WINDOWS) encrypts file(s) and as a result, it makes a file with ".sec" extension. The result file contains a header string "PNCICRYPT". Thanks. ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

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NRA support for crypto [was Rivest's Wheat & Chaff - A crypto alternative]
by Julian Assange 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

"Marcus J. Ranum" <mjr(a)nfr.net> writes: > >Since when have you been a cryptographer, Marcus? > > Ever since I independently re-invented ROT-12 at the age of 12. :) I guess that was a bit mean. I'm just not sure one is really a cryptographer till one is spending the majority of their time doing it and earning a living (or a lot of respect) due to the quality of the work produced. i.e dabbling in cryptography != I've made significant contributions to the state of the art (I know you have made useful contributions to other parts of the security world). We .... is often used as a psychological ploy, to convince people the argument that follows is their own. Given that I strongly disagreed with the substance of your message, perhaps I took a dislike to the We .... business a little too eagerly. > >> Has anyone considered approaching the NRA for support for > >> cryptography?? If it is a munition, isn't our right to use it > >> domestically protected under the second amendment, just like > >> our right to keep and bear arms? > > > >Guns are made for killing people. Terrorists use guns. Terrorists > >kill people. Cryptography is guns. Terrorists use cryptography. > >Cryptography kills people. What a fantastic public relations ploy. > >The genius of it. > > D'uh, that's what FBI is saying already! So your suggesting putting your weight behind a tactical metaphor of the FBI? Effectively letting them control the landscape of the debate, by implanting into the public's minds that guns equal cryptography. Ok. You now have a situation where all strong cryptography is out-lawed (err, when was the last time you purchased a A42 tank cannon?) domestically, everything requires export permits (wadda ya mean I can't post my 10 gauge to Zurich without a license?!) and weak cryptography is exposed to a whole host of restrictions, including key size limitation (small arms only), speed limitations (it's dangerous to be able to encrypt too many messages quickly and automatically), usage registration (1 32 bit 8 round IDEA cipher and 2 40 bit barrel-loaded RC4's in farmer Jones' bedroom), cooling off periods (can't let people encrypt on a 'whim), exclusion of un-desirables (you want a crypto license and you haven't been in the state 3 months/had a psychiatric illness/were convicted of an offence/are under the age of 21/listen to NPR?!), necessity (I need that there 56 bit 8 rounder for rabbit 'crypting; I had to encrypt, officer, in a suburban environment - it was self defence against hardened criminal hackers!). > Cryptography is a tool for liberty! Cryptography was used to > save lives in the war! It's been used throughout history by > freedom loving men and women to fight oppression! It's as > American as apple pie! Breaking cryptography saved lives in the war, this is extensively documented over hundreds of clearly defined cases [see Kahn's epic work]. How many lives both-sides using cryptography saved is intangible. I suspect the completely unreal situation of all-sides having open communications would have saved a truly huge number of lives. > >> I will give up one time pad when you pry it from my cold dead > >> left hand. My rifle will be in my right hand. > > > >Tell me this is fabricated Macrus. > > I wrote that. What's your beef? Having a bad hair day or > something? <shrug> I honnestly believed you had been done over by D. Vulis there for a moment. Cheers, Julian.

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by 18240_es＠GHNVIX.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

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Re: Deniable Cryptography [was winnowing, chaffing etc]
by Brian B. Riley 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- On 3/28/98 5:53 PM, mgraffam(a)mhv.net (mgraffam(a)mhv.net) passed this wisdom: >In this case, I figure that their best option is to beat Alice >everyday forever or until she dies. Whichever comes first. > >The longer they beat her, the better chance there is that she broke >down and gave them her most important secrets. Even if she can't >prove it.. so what? The rubber-hose group isn't exactly the boy >scouts. They beat her the next day too, this time a little harder. > >Alice may hold up, she may not.. I don't really see the >cryptosystem helping here. You can't win a game when the other >player doesn't use your rules. You have to use the same set of >rules. We know that the rubber-hose wielding guys aren't going to >play by Alice's rules. So, the only way for Alice to win is to do >the impossible (because this is reality, not TV) and that is to >grab the rubber hose and beat them with it. The whole point is that since such a system offers no way to verify that Alice has indeed at any point given them 'everything' she has to tell, they will keep beating Alice; Alice, recognizing this at the outset has no reason to give them anything because she knows that since she cannot prove she has given them everything they will beat her again and again no matter what she does. The idea of successive keys unlocking more and more important data means that she can chose to give them some of her keys and then just grit out the beatings til they either develop conscience (unlikely), lose patience, (more likely), or figure they have gotten all there is to get. While this method guarantees a beating, it really does offer the best chance of getting away with the withholding of the most secure keys. The only chink in the system would be independent knowledge from a coworker or some such that there is more there. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: PGP for Personal Privacy 5.0 Charset: noconv iQEVAwUBNR2H/z7r4fUXwraZAQFbUgf/V97xgxpNs0wIcvUvoUK0p4gShYrzqDRm qXMz6rVTwMKNhBF/0Jdsfu8PMq7M6ZoU051I5FqYEgI2uaqUMxoPx9qjrGOJnOv3 pXr5usa4rRVv5k7mQOJjd1zXXbcJNo6QWWk35zbLS5ecXQgN98Ex2DgApxACzKin 6+rpaTPFzOaktIzSVvM0on2TcC7ifkhkzDjsqIYx3b3gp73p+kzlWgkxngSM2rXZ Od2eEQDSJDnQc4n5DU7xxmwQ5qxz5GCcQiONHkL4pXSHvkbvGkNkPS8Ms/hsF2nJ SiSlmoYQBem3YB/Ik1UEFrqOhRispsYU9NAgii7EtqyAReEnYMI1gQ== =0JND -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Brian B. Riley --> http://members.macconnect.com/~brianbr For PGP Keys <mailto:brianbr@together.net?subject=Get%20PGP%20Key> "Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path, and leave a trail" - Ralph Waldo Emerson

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CypherPunks -- The Early Years Part II
by Toto 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

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Laws? We don't need no stinking laws!!!
by Janet Reno 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

From: "Janet Reno" <jr(a)dev.null> To: "CypherPunks" <cypherpunks(a)toad.com> Bcc: <barry.nemmers(a)chadbourne.com>, <toto(a)sk.sympatico.ca> Subject: Laws? We don't need no stinking laws... Date: Sat, 28 Mar 1998 23:59:15 -0800 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="multipart/alternative"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0072_01BD5AA5.83C87CA0" X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0072_01BD5AA5.83C87CA0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0073_01BD5AA5.83C87CA0" ------=_NextPart_001_0073_01BD5AA5.83C87CA0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Announcing Those who still labor under the illusion that the Royal WE need the = existence of real, constitutionally enforceable laws to arrest, charge = and financially ruin (conviction or not) those who oppose US and our = financial supporters may, if they wish, go ahead and submit to the = inevitable by reporting immediately to the Reptilian Nazi labor camps = recently finished at Lost Alamo, and in Mule Shoe, Texas. ****************************** = =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER LAW OBSERVER March, 1998 -- No.4 = =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D ****************************** ---UNITED STATES--- [BOTTOM LINE] UNITED STATES CHARGES 6 OFFSHORE COMPANIES WITH ILLEGAL OFFSHORE SPORTS BETTING [WHAT HAPPENED] On March 4, authorities led by the FBI charged 14 = owners and managers of 6 companies with illegal use of interstate telephone = lines for on-line betting on amateur and professional sports. All 14 = defendants are American citizens. The 6 companies are located in Central America = and the Caribbean; some have offices in the United States. No bettors were charged. Three of the 14 were arrested in the United States and the FBI was said to be contacting the 10 who were known to be outside the United States to "arrange for their surrender." Web sites of at least several = of the 6 claim that they are operating within their local national gaming laws. The FBI and U.S. Attorney in New York City targeted sports books = and not casino gaming sites. The U.S. Attorney's office said it had called various telephone companies telling them to stop service to each of the companies. The defendants could be sentenced to a maximum of 5 years in prison and $250,000 in fines. In the only other federal action against on-line betting, FBI agents = raided the Pennsylvania offices of International Gaming and Communications = Corp. in February 1997 but no federal charges were filed. That company had operated a sportsbook and on-line casino in Grenada. [WHY IT HAPPENED] It is speculated by some that pressure from Congressional sponsors of legislation restricting and/or banning on-line gambling was behind the charges. The Department of Justice has said in = the past that the federal Wire Communications Act is not written well enough = to support its use against on-line betting. While bills to rewrite the Act are pending, some in Congress and among the public are impatient that no federal enforcement actions have been taken. Others speculate that = state governments are concerned that their lucrative take from lotteries and other state-sponsored non-sports betting could be reduced if on-line betting is not discouraged. [THE SIGNIFICANCE] If the charges are not settled and are pursued = through trial and appeals, this could be the case to write US law on a number of fundamental on-line issues, including jurisdiction and national sovereignty, as well as on-line gambling. It is doubtful that anyone expects law enforcement to eliminate on-line gambling; the intent may simply be to discourage its rapid growth, particularly in sports = betting. The government clearly is testing the reach of existing law; even = decisions adverse to it would be useful by identifying shortcomings in existing = law. [INFORMATION SOURCES] For the news story: www.nytimes.com and www.cnn.com. The six companies can be found at: www.galaxysports.com (Galaxy Sports) www.islandcasino.com (Island Casino) www.realcasino.com (Real Casino) www.sdbg.com (SDB Global) www.winnersway.com (Winner's Way) www.wsex.com (World Sports Exchange) [CONTRIBUTING EDITOR] Chadbourne & Parke - Contact Barry Nemmers: barry.nemmers(a)chadbourne.com ------=_NextPart_001_0073_01BD5AA5.83C87CA0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 = http-equiv=3DContent-Type><BASE=20 href=3D"file://C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft = Shared\Stationery\"> <STYLE>  </STYLE> <META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.72.2106.6"' name=3DGENERATOR> </HEAD> <BODY background=3Dcid:006a01bd5ae8$90b47520$2763a58e@uymfdlvk = bgColor=3Dbeige=20 topMargin=3D150> <DIV> </DIV> <CENTER> <H1>Announcing</H1></CENTER> Those who still labor under the illusion that the = Royal WE need=20 the existence of real, constitutionally enforceable laws to arrest, = charge and=20 financially ruin (conviction or not) those who oppose US and our = financial=20 supporters may, if they wish, go ahead and submit to the inevitable by = reporting=20 immediately to the Reptilian Nazi labor camps recently finished at Lost = Alamo,=20 and in Mule Shoe, Texas.    <FONT=20 size=3D4>          &nbs= p;    =20 ******************************       &nb= sp;     =20 =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D   &nb= sp;           &nbs= p; =20 INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER LAW=20 OBSERVER           &= nbsp;          =20 March, 1998 --=20 No.4           &nbsp= ; =20 =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D   &nb= sp;           &nbs= p;   =20 ****************************** ---UNITED STATES--- [BOTTOM LINE]   UNITED STATES CHARGES 6 = OFFSHORE=20 COMPANIES WITH ILLEGAL OFFSHORE SPORTS BETTING [WHAT HAPPENED]  On March 4, authorities led by = the FBI=20 charged 14 owners and managers of 6 companies with illegal use of = interstate=20 telephone lines for on-line betting on amateur and professional = sports. =20 All 14 defendants are American citizens.  The 6 companies are = located in=20 Central America and the Caribbean; some have offices in the United=20 States.  No bettors were charged.  Three of the 14 were = arrested in=20 the United States and the FBI was said to be contacting the 10 who = were known=20 to be outside the United States to "arrange for their=20 surrender."  Web sites of at least several of the 6 claim = that they=20 are operating within their local national gaming laws.  The FBI = and U.S.=20 Attorney in New York City targeted sports books and not casino gaming = sites.   The U.S. Attorney's office said it had = called various=20 telephone companies telling them to stop service to each of=20 the companies.  The defendants could be sentenced to a maximum = of 5=20 years in prison and $250,000 in fines. In the only other federal action against on-line = betting, FBI=20 agents raided the Pennsylvania offices of International Gaming and=20 Communications Corp. in February 1997 but no federal charges were=20 filed.  That company had operated a sportsbook and on-line = casino in=20 Grenada. [WHY IT HAPPENED]  It is speculated by some that = pressure=20 from Congressional sponsors of legislation restricting and/or banning = on-line gambling was behind the charges.  The Department of = Justice has=20 said in the past that the federal Wire Communications Act is not = written well=20 enough to support its use against on-line betting.  While bills = to=20 rewrite the Act are pending, some in Congress and among the public = are=20 impatient that no federal enforcement actions have been taken.  = Others=20 speculate that state governments are concerned that their lucrative = take from=20 lotteries and other state-sponsored non-sports betting could be = reduced if=20 on-line betting is not discouraged. [THE SIGNIFICANCE]  If the charges are not = settled and are=20 pursued through trial and appeals, this could be the case to write US = law on=20 a number of fundamental on-line issues, including jurisdiction and=20 national sovereignty, as well as on-line gambling.  It is = doubtful that=20 anyone expects law enforcement to eliminate on-line gambling; the = intent=20 may simply be to discourage its rapid growth, particularly in sports=20 betting. The government clearly is testing the reach of existing law; = even=20 decisions adverse to it would be useful by identifying shortcomings = in=20 existing law. [INFORMATION SOURCES]  For the news story:  = <A=20 href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com">www.nytimes.com</A> and <A=20 href=3D"http://www.cnn.com">www.cnn.com</A>. The six companies can be = found=20 at: <A href=3D"http://www.galaxysports.com">www.galaxysports.com</A> = (Galaxy=20 Sports) <A = href=3D"http://www.islandcasino.com">www.islandcasino.com</A>=20 (Island Casino) <A = href=3D"http://www.realcasino.com">www.realcasino.com</A>=20 (Real Casino) <A href=3D"http://www.sdbg.com">www.sdbg.com</A> (SDB=20 Global) <A href=3D"http://www.winnersway.com">www.winnersway.com</A> = (Winner's=20 Way) <A href=3D"http://www.wsex.com">www.wsex.com</A> (World Sports=20 Exchange) [CONTRIBUTING EDITOR]  Chadbourne & Parke - = Contact=20 Barry Nemmers: <A=20 href=3D"mailto:barry.nemmers@chadbourne.com">barry.nemmers(a)chadbourne.com= </A>  </BODY></HTML> ------=_NextPart_001_0073_01BD5AA5.83C87CA0-- ------=_NextPart_000_0072_01BD5AA5.83C87CA0 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-ID: <006a01bd5ae8$90b47520$2763a58e@uymfdlvk> R0lGODlh1wAgA7P/AP///2NjY8DAwJxjY5xjMf/OnM6cY///zpycY2NjMZycMWOcMWOcY2OcnGNj 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Global Internet Liberty Campaign Alert 2.4
by nobody＠REPLAY.COM 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

GILC Alert Volume 2, Issue 4 March 16, 1998 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Welcome to the Global Internet Liberty Campaign Newsletter ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Welcome to GILC Alert, the newsletter of the Global Internet Liberty Campaign. We are an international organization of groups working for cyber-liberties, who are determined to preserve civil liberties and human rights on the Internet. We hope you find this newsletter interesting, and we very much hope that you will avail yourselves of the action items in future issues. If you are a part of an organization that would be interested in joining GILC, please contact us at gilc(a)gilc.org. If you are aware of threats to cyber liberties that we may not know about, please contact the GILC members in your country, or contact GILC as a whole. Please feel free to redistribute this newsletter to appropriate forums. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [A] FOREMOST NEWS [A1] GILC to Issue Statement on Internet Content and Conduct [B] ROUNDUP OF GLOBAL INTERNET ISSUES [B1] Africa [B1.1] Sudan's Muslim Sects Want Internet Ban [B1.2] Ghana Brings Internet to People [B2] Asia/Oceania [B2.1] Singapore Requires ISPs to Install Internet Filters [B2.2] Malaysia Warns Against Technology Without Morality [B2.3] Hong Kong Labels Candy Site "Objectionable" [B2.4] Australia Concerned Over US Domain Name Proposals [B3] Europe [B3.1] EU Critiques US Over Domain Name "Green Paper" [B3.2] Russia Considers Amendment to Protect Internet From New "Mass Media" Law [B3.3] Kosovo Atrocities Posted to Internet [B3.4] UK Called on EU Members to Allow Police to "Tap" Encrypted Messages [B4] North America [B4.1] Senate Approves Two Internet Bills [B4.2] FBI Chief Freeh Warns Against "Uncrackable Encryption" [B4.3] FBI Rethinks Encryption Position, For Now [B4.4] New Mexico Censors Internet [B4.5] 100 Companies Join to Fight Encryption Controls +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ CELEBRATE THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE SIGNING OF THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS BY GOING TO THE AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS CARAVAN SITE AND JOINING THE THOUSANDS WHO'VE SIGNED THE DOCUMENT. THE CYBER"BOOK" OF SIGNATURES WILL BE CARRIED AROUND THE WORLD AND SIGNED BY DIGNATARIES, CELEBRITIES, POLITICIANS AND OTHERS. REAFFIRM THE WORLD'S DEDICATION TO HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES!!! http://www.rights.amnesty.org/english/signup/index.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [A] FOREMOST NEWS [A1] GILC to Issue Statement on Internet Content and Conduct Preparing for an OECD one day meeting on "International Co-operation Concerning Content and Conduct on the Internet", 25th March 1998, in Paris, members of the Global Internet Liberty Campaign will soon issue "Content and Conduct on the Internet: The Impact of Self-Regulation and Filtering on Human Rights to Freedom of Expression." Among other things, the statement notes: "Global rating or labeling systems squelch the free flow of information: Efforts to force all Internet speech to be labeled or rated according to a single classification system distorts the fundamental cultural diversity of the Internet and will lead to domination of one set of political or moral viewpoints. Such systems will either be easy to use and not have enough categories for all cultures or it will have so many categories to cater for all cultures that it will be unusable. These systems are antithetical to the Internet and should be rejected." A full report on the OECD meeting and GILCs presentation will appear in the next Alert. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B] ROUNDUP OF GLOBAL INTERNET ISSUES [B1] Africa [B1.1] Sudan's Muslim Sects Want Internet Ban Islamic clerics, in recent calls, have focused their ire on Sudan's single Internet Service Provider, Sudanet. Inter Press Service quotes Mohamed Salih Hassan, a cleric of the influential Ansar Muslim sect, who sees the Internet as "pollutive" and fears that Sudanese youth are in jeopardy: "The Muslim people should respect the faith, and not allow such information to reach their families. If an uncontrollable system like the Internet is introduced in society it will be very difficult for us to preach the Kingdom of Allah." The battle to ban the Internet will be difficult, however. The newspaper interviewed people already connected to the Internet; one, who used an alias because he feared repercussions, said: "The Internet is not against anybody. It is a new information system that feeds the world with information . . . . The Internet will bring peace to all of us. It makes me feel like I am living in a world without borders." +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B1.2] Ghana Brings Internet to People While most people in Ghana do not have access to their own computers (because of the combined problems of illiteracy, poverty and weak electrical supplies), they will soon have access to the Internet. Several Internet Service Providers are looking for ways to bring the Internet to the average Ghanaian, through channels that people are already familiar with: communication centers that offer secretarial, word-processing, telephone and fax services. Inter Press Service reports "Africa Online will create a domain for each of the participating communications centers. The center, in turn, will be free to create E-mail addresses for its customers, who can then send and receive messages from their address at fixed costs." ISPs are also looking to provide access to school children. Network Computer Systems, another ISP, has recently offered to provide free Internet connections for a year to 100 high schools around the country. Visit the Network Computer Systems homepage: http://www.ghana.com Visit Africa Online: http://www.africaonline.com ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B2] Asia/Oceania [B2.1] Singapore Requires ISPs to Install Internet Filters Singapore, which already censors the Internet, books and movies will require its Internet Service Providers to install, at the server level, software that filters "inappropriate material." Reuters quoted Information and Arts Minister George Yeo's address to parliament where he said that a software package, like Netnanny was "in the interest of cleaner, more sanitized internet service." A few days after that speech, Bill Gates said, during a one-day trip to the country: "I have no doubt Singapore, given it is a forward-looking country . . . will avoid doing something that will be a major roadblock." Read http://biz.yahoo.com/finance/980319/singapore__1.html Read http://www.wired.com/news/news/email/other/politics/story/10944.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B2.2] Malaysia Warns Against Technology Without Morality With Internet cafes springing up in suburbs all over Malaysia, students are beginning to send E-mail, chat in chat rooms, and eventually view sexually explicit material. To officials in the predominantly Moslem country, this presents problems. The nation's censors already take pains to keep movies free from "sex scenes" and magazines bare-breastless. The Associated Press quotes Junid Megat Ayob, Consumer Affairs Minister, who wants stricter controls on the Internet because he sees his mission as keeping youth from "poisoning their minds with filth." To aid in his mission, Cybercafes must now post with authorities about US$5,100 to ensure that their computers remain free from pornography. If the Cafes allow access to sexually explicit material, the government would confiscate the money. Read http://www.wired.com/news/news/politics/story/10712.html Read http://search.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WAPO/19980314/V000800-031498-i dx.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B2.3] Hong Kong Labels Candy Site "Objectionable" In another attempt to block "objectionable material" from the Internet, Hong Kong has censored a Hershey's candy Web site. The Television and Licensing Authority (TLA) put the "Smarties" candy site on a list of 1,000 sites which it deemed unfit for children. CNET quoted Raymond Yip, of TLA: "We need to investigate the case. It is probably a typing error on our part." Read http://www.news.com/news/item/textonly/0,25,20039,00.html?pfv The "unfit" Web site is: http://www.smarties.com Read EPIC's "Faulty Filters" report: http://www2.epic.org/reports/filter-report.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B2.4] Australia Concerned Over US Domain Name Proposals The United States has recently proposed a centralized plan to regulate Internet issues. Besides changing the way persons register Internet Domain Names, a US-based corporation would administer the names and subject any disputes to US law. Fears are that the plan would "effectively ensure US jurisdiction over trademark issues and dispute resolution processes," said Senator Richard Alson, the Minister for Communications, the Information Economy and the Arts, in a press release. He added: "We need to ensure that the views of Australian stake holders, and the Australian Government, are fully considered in decisions to reform the international system." Read the Press Release: http://www.dca.gov.au/mediarel/98/028.html Go to Electronic Frontiers Australia for more news on related issues: http://www.efa.org.au +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B3] Europe [B3.1] EU Critiques US Over Domain Name "Green Paper" The battle against the US Domain Name proposals is also being waged on European soil. The European Commission has accused the US of desiring to keep the international network of computers under domestic control, and thereby, creating a monopoly. The European Report announced that "the EU and its Member States are calling for a re-balancing of interest and responsibilities in recognition of the Internet's international character." They want balanced and fair participation by the private sector in Internet management. In a "green paper" published in January, the US suggested that the private sector begin controlling essential pieces of the system, instead of the US government. The "essential pieces" are "generic top-level domains": for example, ".net," ".org," and ".com." The Deutsche Presse-Agentur quotes Professor of Computer Science, Werner Zorn of the University of Karlsruhe in Germany: "The U.S. government is trying to prevent foreign dominance on the Internet." Another motive, adds Zorn, is retaining a lucrative source of income. Today, US-based Network Solutions charges $100 per domain name registered. Read the International Council of Registrars' response to the US "Green Paper": http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/980323/core_1.html Read the CATO Institute's "INTERNET DOMAIN NAMES: Privatization, Competition, and Freedom of Expression": http://www.cato.org/pubs/briefs/bp-033es.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B3.2] Russia Considers Amendment to Protect Internet From New "Mass Media" Law The Moscow Times reported that the Russian Duma has recently proposed a new law on "mass media that could place a roadblock in the path of Russia's fledgling web publishers, from individuals with personal home pages to large corporations blazing the trails of electronic commerce." Duma deputy, Y.M. Nesterov, however, suggested an amendment excluding any mention of "computer information" from the bill. Furthermore, the chair of the committee preparing the bill, displayed some interest in the Internet question. The Communication Committee will examine that and other amendments to the "mass media" bill and draft a second bill for final hearing. As of yet, nothing has been announced. Latest information in Russian: http://www.cityline.ru/politika/media/media.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B3.3] Kosovo Atrocities Posted to Internet In the remote parts of Yugoslavia, unreliable links to the outside world and the tight-lipped state news agency, Tanjug, have made a journalist's job difficult. But in many situations, the Internet continues to provide detailed and timely reports. The Scotsman reports that Web sites publish, without the "benefit" of censorship, and post eyewitness accounts and pictures of "men, women, and children with eyes gouged out, throats cut, and grenade and gunshot wounds." The Internet accounts guarantee that traditional sources of information will not dictate the spread of complete and accurate information; therefore, "there can be no doubt whatsoever of the veracity of claims made by Albanians in Kosovo." Visit: http://www.kosova.com Visit: http://www.albanian.com Read the GILC Statement on Human Rights and the Internet: http://www.gilc.org/news/gilc-ep-statement-0198.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B3.4] UK Called on EU Members to Allow Police to "Tap" Encrypted Messages Following the GILC statement on encryption, European Voice reported that officials from the UK desire that, in particular situations, government officials should be authorized to tap encrypted E-mail messages sent through the Internet. Citing concerns with terrorists, the Mafia, and other criminal organizations, UK officials warned: "Where an encryption key is used for confidentiality purposes, it may be necessary for law enforcement agencies to have lawful access . . . .. either overt[ly] or covert[ly]." For an opposing view, European Voice quoted the Business Software Alliance: "Without strong encryption, businesses and individuals will not entrust their valuable proprietary information, creative content, and sensitive information to electronic networks. The result will be that the full potential for electronic commerce, personal growth and government efficiency and other benefits of the information society will be delayed or lost altogether." According to Yaman Akdeniz of Cyber-Rights & Cyber-Liberties (UK) the current UK policy is still not clear: "We will have to wait and see the new policy; and I, unfortunately, believe that it will still be a system which favors key escrow." Read the GILC Statement on possible UK Cryptography Policy: http://www.gilc.org/crypto/uk/gilc-dti-statement-298.html Read BBC News Coverage of the GILC member statement, "UK government dithers on encryption regulation," Feb.20, 1998. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special_report/1998/encryption/newsid _58000/58499.stm Read GILC's Cryptography and Liberty: An International Survey of Encryption Policy, February 1998, at http://www.gilc.org/crypto/crypto-survey.html. Read Cyber-Rights & Cyber-Liberties (UK), "First Report on UK Encryption Policy" is available at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/law/pgs/yaman/ukdtirep.htm. Read "Scrambling for Safety" Conference Web site is at http://www.privacy.org/pi/conference/dti/. Read the Walsh Report, "Review of policy relating to encryption technologies": http://www.efa.org.au/Issues/Crypto/Walsh/ Read Kryptographie, Cryptography resources in German from FITUG, at http://www.fitug.de/ulf/krypto/. Britain has delayed any encryption proposals: http://www.techweb.com/wire/story/TWB19980219S0008 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B4] North America [B4.1] Senate Approves Two Internet Bills The Senate Commerce Committee approved on a voice vote two bills that restrict speech on the Internet. The first was Senator John McCain's (which would limit student access to constitutionally protected speech in schools and libraries) and the other was Senator Dan Coats's (which would censor legitimate adult speech). McCain's bill requires schools and libraries, which receive federal subsidies for Internet connections, to install filtering software. Senator Conrad Burns, however, offered an amendment that would not require the use of filtering software, but would require that schools have some kind of Internet policy which shields students from sexually explicit material. Senator Coats's bill would censor commercial distribution of "harmful material" to people under 17 years of age. Senator Dan Wyden, the sole dissenter on the Coats bill, criticized Coats's attempt as a "one size fits all" model. Read the ACLU Press Release: http://www.aclu.org/news/n031298b.html Go to the Internet Free Expression Alliance for more news on the bills: http://www.ifea.net Go to the EPIC site for the text of the bills: http://www.epic.org Read EFF's Press Release: http://www.eff.org/pub/Censorship/Internet_censorship_bills/1998_bills /19980312_eff.statement Go to CDT's site for more information: http://www.cdt.org/speech +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B4.2] FBI Chief Freeh Warns Against "Uncrackable Encryption" Before a Senate Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary on March 3rd, Louis Freeh, director of the FBI, argued that online anonymity imperiled FBI criminal investigations and put children in danger: "We would encourage the Internet provider industry to maintain subscriber and call information. We certainly hope it would be done, even on a voluntary basis." Freeh added: "Uncrackable encryption allows, and will continue to allow with increasing regularity, drug lords, terrorists, and even violent gangs to communicate about their criminal intentions with impunity." The ACLU challenged these scare tactics with "Big Brother in the Wires": http://www.aclu.org/issues/cyber/wiretap_brother.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B4.3] FBI Rethinks Encryption Position, For Now The FBI has had a long history of arguing against strong encryption. Nevertheless, on March 17th, a Justice Department official, Robert Litt, the deputy assistant attorney general of the criminal division, remarked to a Senate Judiciary subcommittee hearing on the constitutional issues raised by government encryption controls: "We are not looking for any mandatory controls domestically at this time." The CyberTimes reported that, for now, he/the FBI/the Clinton administration is "retreating from legislation that would give 'law enforcers access to encrypted computer data and communications.'" CyberTimes: http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/98/03/cyber/articles/18encrypt.htm l CNET's article: http://www.news.com/news/item/0,4,20149,00.html For a full transcript of the congressional testimony: http://www.computerprivacy.org/archive/03171998-1 Legal scholars respond to Litt: http://www.computerprivacy.org/archive/03231998-1.shtml ACLU's "White Paper" on Clinton's encryption policy: http://www.aclu.org/news/n031798b.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B4.4] New Mexico Censors Internet The Electronic Frontier Foundation will challenge New Mexico's "Net Indecency Law." Earlier this month, Governor Gary Johnson signed a bill that suffers from the same constitutional defects that caused the Supreme Court to strike down the Federal Communications Decency Act in June of 1997. In a letter to Johnson, Barry Steinhardt, president of EFF (a GILC founding member) wrote, "the bill is patently unconstitutional and represents a threat to freedom of expression, not only in New Mexico, but across the country." EFF's letter: http://www.eff.org/pub/State_and_local/NM/Censorship/Internet_censorsh ip_bills/1998/19980307_eff_sb127.letter CNET article: http://www.news.com/news/item/textonly/0,25,19859,00.html?pfv Reno v. ACLU: http://www.aclu.org/court/renovacludec.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [B4.5] 100 Companies Join to Fight Encryption Controls Americans for Computer Privacy (ACP) has begun an advertisement campaign urging citizens to stop their politicians from limiting encryption. In a press release, ACP stated that it "will implement a multi-million dollar campaign to demonstrate to members of Congress and administration officials that a fair encryption policy is not just a computer issue. It's a privacy issue. It's a consumer issue. It's a medical records issue. It's a taxpayer protection issue. It's a crime deterrent issue. It's a jobs issue. It's a competitive issue. In an open letter, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Electronic Privacy Information Center said, (W)e believe that the ACP will be an important ally in the ongoing effort to protect personal privacy in the digital age," the letter says, "and we look forward to working together towards a complete and unrestricted repeal of the current controls on the export of strong cryptography and to resist any domestic restrictions on the use of encryption." The Washington Post article: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/Wplate/1998-03/04/0491-030498-idx ..html ACP can be found at http://www.computerprivacy.org The American Civil Liberties Union, The Electronic Frontier Foundation, and the Electronic Privacy and Information Center issued this joint letter: http://www.aclu.org/news/n030498a.html ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Raafat S. Toss GILC Organizer Developer American Civil Liberties Union 125 Broad Street New York, New York 10004 rtoss(a)aclu.org ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Links to all information in this alert can be found at http://www.gilc.org You are welcome to pass the GILC ALERT to all who may be interested. And you have permission to re-print GILC ALERT and distribute it. If you are not a subscriber but would like to be, please send an email to gilc-announce(a)gilc.org with the following message in the body: Subscribe gilc-announce <your email address> PUBLICATION OF THIS NEWSLETTER IS MADE POSSIBLE BY A GRANT FROM THE OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE (OSI)

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