December 2003 - cypherpunks-legacy

[patent] Secure electronic message transfer and voting scheme
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text X-Authentication-Warning: blacklodge.c2.net: majordom set sender to owner-cryptography(a)c2.org using -f From: tamaster(a)technologist.com Date: Fri, 7 Nov 1997 10:14:46 -0600 (CST) To: cryptography(a)c2.net Subject: [patent] Secure electronic message transfer and voting scheme X-Sender: Private Idaho 2.8b3 Sender: owner-cryptography(a)c2.net Secure anonymous message transfer and voting scheme (Assignee -- NEC Research Institute, Inc.) November 7, 1997 Assignee: NEC Research Institute, Inc. Patent Number: 5682430 Issue Date: 1997 10 28 Inventor(s): Kilian, Joseph John{#buSako, Kazue#} Abstract: A number-theoretic based algorithm provides for secure anonymous message transfer and electronic voting. A voter or sender may cast an encrypted vote or message that is processed through n centers in a manner which prevents fraud and authenticates the votes. Any interested party can verify that each vote has been properly counted. The invention can be realized by current-generation personal computers with access to an electronic bulletin board. Ex Claim Text: A method of secure anonymous message transfer from a plurality of senders by use of a plurality of mixing centers comprising the steps of: (a) choosing constants which are posted for senders S.sub.1, S.sub.2, . . . S.sub.l and mixing centers, C.sub.1, C.sub.2, . . . C.sub.n ; (b) each sender S.sub.k constructing an encrypted message which is posted; (c) a first mixing center C.sub.1 processing the posted messages from each sender S.sub.k which processed messages are then posted for use by the next center; (d) each mixing center C.sub.2 through C.sub.n-1 sequentially processing the processed messages from the previous center, which sequentially processed messages are then posted for use by the next center; (e) the last mixing center C.sub.n processing messages from the previous center C.sub.n-1 and posting the result; (f) each mixing center proving the validity of its processing, which proof is posted; and (g) channel checker verifying correctness of the execution from posted messages when necessary. from posted messages when necessary. --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) Philodox e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' The e$ Home Page: http://www.shipwright.com/ Ask me about FC98 in Anguilla!: <http://www.fc98.ai/>

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FTC, Canada, Mexico officials launch "health claim surf day"
by Declan McCullagh 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

[From Nov 5 Natural Healthline. --Declan] ****************************************** FTC Launches North American Health Claim Surf Day ****************************************** by Michael Evers The Federal Trade Commission recently joined with public health and consumer protection and information agencies from the United States, Canada, and Mexico to "surf" the Internet for potentially false or deceptive advertising claims concerning treatments or cures for heart disease, cancer, AIDS, diabetes, arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. The FTC announced today that in just a few hours during the recently conducted North American Health Claim Surf Day, Internet surfers identified more than 400 World Wide Web sites and numerous Usenet newsgroups that contain promotions for products or services purporting to help cure, treat or prevent these six diseases. The FTC said that it sent hundreds of Web sites and newsgroups e-mail messages pointing out that advertisers must have evidence to back up their claims. FTC staff will follow-up by revisiting the targeted sites in the coming weeks to determine if changes have been made. Suspected violators received an e-mail warning which said the following: The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), its federal and state law enforcement partners, and public health and consumer protection agencies from Mexico and Canada are sending you (and hundreds of other Internet advertisers) this message based upon a review of the promotion you disseminated through the Internet. The FTC and its partners have NOT determined whether your Internet promotion violates United States federal or state laws, Mexican law, or Canadian law. Nevertheless, we want to remind you that when you make health claims in promoting a product, service, or treatment, those claims must be truthful and non-deceptive. Deceptive Acts or Practices Are Unlawful under the FTC Act In the United States, Section 5 of the FTC Act (15 U.S.C. § 45), prohibits deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce. In addition, Section 12 of the Act (15 U.S.C. § 52) prohibits the dissemination of any false advertisement to induce the purchase of any food, drugs, or devices. An advertisement is misleading and deceptive if the advertiser makes an objective claim, either expressly or by implication, including through the use of consumer testimonials, without a "reasonable basis" to support that claim. As set out in the Commission's Advertising Substantiation Policy Statement, advertisements that specify the level of substantiation that the advertiser possesses (e.g., "tests prove" or "studies show") must be supported by at least that level of evidence. If the advertisement does not specify a particular type of substantiation, the Commission considers several factors in determining the appropriate level of substantiation. Typically, claims of the sort included on your Internet site must be substantiated by competent and reliable scientific evidence. Competent and reliable scientific evidence is defined as tests, analyses, research, studies, or other evidence based on the expertise of professionals in the relevant area, that has been conducted and evaluated in an objective manner by persons qualified to do so, using procedures generally accepted in the profession to yield accurate and reliable results. Anecdotal evidence and consumer testimonials are not considered competent and reliable scientific evidence. You may want to review your advertisement in light of these standards. Possible Violations in Other Jurisdictions Unfair or deceptive acts or practices are also unlawful under various state statutes in the United States. The standards under these statutes may be different from those of the FTC's. In addition, by placing an Internet site on the World Wide Web, you may be subject to scrutiny in other countries where you sell your products. You should be aware that many countries, including Mexico and Canada, also have laws that generally require advertisements to be truthful and non-deceptive. "Hopeful and sometimes desperate consumers spend millions of dollars on unproven, deceptively marketed, and often useless 'miracle cures' and the Internet should not become the newest medium for this age-old problem," said Jodie Bernstein, Director of the FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection. "In addition to wasting consumers' money, some products or treatments may even cause them serious harm or endanger their lives. Even when the advertised remedy is harmless, it can still have a detrimental effect if it causes consumers to stop or slow the use of proven treatments." In addition to today's effort to prevent health fraud, the FTC has recently conducted several other Internet Surf Days focusing on different types of fraud, including pyramid schemes and deceptive business opportunity offers. North American Health Claim Surf Day participants included: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Health Canada Competition Bureau of Industry Canada Procuraduria Federal del Consumidor of Mexico the Secretaria de Salud of Mexico Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Federal Communications Commission (Denver Office) Attorney General of Connecticut Attorney General of Illinois Attorney General of Kentucky Attorney General of Maryland Attorney General of Massachusetts Attorney General of Minnesota Attorney General of Missouri Attorney General of North Carolina Attorney General of Pennsylvania Attorney General of Tennessee Attorney General of Texas Attorney General of Vermont Attorney General of Virginia Attorney General of Wisconsin Arthritis Foundation American Heart Association American Diabetes Association Capital Area and Tristate AIDS Task Force Better Business Bureau serving northwest Ohio and southeast Michigan. For more information, Federal Trade Commission Web site http://www.ftc.gov Tom Carter FTC Dallas Regional Director 1999 Bryan Street, Suite 2150 Dallas, Texas 75201 (214) 979-9350

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Re: Return of the Living Zundel, from The Netly News
by nobody＠REPLAY.COM 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Declan McCullagh wrote: > http://cgi.pathfinder.com/netly/editorial/0,1012,1561,00.html > Return of the Living Zundel > by Chris Stamper (cstamper(a)pathfinder.com) > Does Ernst Zundel have the right to deny the Holocaust and brag > about it on the Net? In the U.S. the answer is unequivocally yes. But > in Canada, where Zundel resides, the Human Rights Commission has been > holding hearings on whether the "Zundelsite" violates the country's > hate speech laws. If Zundel loses the case, he'll be asked to pay > damages and take any offending articles off the web site. Canadian Shock TV!!! Camilla Scott, competing for airtime with Jerry Springer's shows about two-headed lady midget wrestlers in a bed full of chickens with a serial killer who married his own daughter, recently had a show where people who wanted their friends/relatives to change their 'outrageous' behavior could confront them live, on TV. One of the guests was perturbed because his friend, a very successful businessman, always wore black. (Clothes of exceptional quality and design, but _always_ black.) Fortunately, the Canadian sheeple hooted and hollered derision at the fellow, thus protecting us from unsavory types like the Man in Black. Unfortunately, the fellow seemed much happier and satisfied with his life than those doing the hooting and hollering, so chances are, he will continue his diabolical wardrobe atrocities. Canadians know that the answer to racism is to put the racists in ovens and gas them, then bury them in mass graves in Germany. Glad I could clear that up. MapleLeafMonger

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Beware of the 'ANY' Key / Re: Pauline Hanson's One Nation Monthly Newsletter
by nobody＠REPLAY.COM 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Global Web Builders wrote: > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- > PLEASE NOTE: No unsolicited email is sent. If you do not want to be on the > mailing list please say "REMOVE" in the subject line and return this message > in the body. > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- That darned 'ANY' key is up to its pesky tricks again. Long the scourge of computer neophytes everywhere, the elusive 'ANY' key continues to be responsible for all of the evils that happen in the computer world, at any place and point in time. Now, the 'ANY' key, which no computer neophyte ever manages to find when told to do so by Robert's Terribly Funky Manual, seems to be responsible for those who 'do NOT send out unsolicited email' spamming millions of computer users around the world. Bleeding cunt liberal that I am, my pussy bleeds purple piss for Pauline Hanson (whether she is wearing panties or not), for the great suffering she must be undergoing as a result of the 'ANY' key mysteriously sending out her message to millions of total strangers. Perhaps the answer to the diabolical scourge of the 'ANY' key is to provide all computer users with a 'REMOVE' key similar to the big red button that the US President has access to. TruthMistress > Dear supporter in NSW, > > Pauline Hanson's One Nation continues to grow an extraordinary rate. > > There are now over 200 branches of the party nationwide - this just twenty > eight weeks after the April launch. > > The interest in what we have to say and the level of our support is best > demonstrated by comparing the recent visits of National Senator Bill O'Chee > and Pauline Hanson to the traditional National heartland of Gympie in > central Queensland. At their respective dinners O'Chee managed to attract > just 12 people while Hanson attracted a full house of 400! > > These are challenging times ahead for the party. With this explosive growth > and interest the Manly head office of One Nation has come under enormous > pressure with calls from the media, the growing need to manage the new > branches and a number of related teething problems. > > Please be patient if you find delays in One Nation responding to an inquiry. > This is due to the workload being faced by the Manly office. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > > As you will have read Pauline Hanson's One Nation will contest the > Queensland state elections after an independent survey revealed that the > party had, conservatively, up to 27% support in certain electorates. > > If you know of someone who would make a good candidate please contact Manly > office on (02) 9976 0283 for application forms. Please note closing date for > nominations is December 1st. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > > There have been a number of One Nation press releases during October. These > can be viewed at: > > http://www.gwb.com.au/onenation/press > > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > Pauline Hanson's on-line Working Group: > > There has been a tremendous response to the establishment of Pauline > Hanson's on-line Working Group and we thank those who have become involved > for their support. > > If you would like to participate please email the following information for > consideration. > > Name, Contact details (address, phone, fax), membership number (this is a > pre-requisite) and branch (default is Manly). > > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Like any growing political organisation Pauline Hanson's One Nation needs > your financial support. Please help NOW if you are able... Their is an > on-line form that can be printed out and posted together with your donation at: > > http://www.gwb.com.au/pledge.html > > Let's get that donation-meter reading moving! > > Pauline Hanson

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IPO ALERT: Brass Eagle, Inc. Available through Wit Capital
by fiona＠witcapital.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Wit Capital Corporation is pleased to announce that we are able to provide first-come first-serve participation in the following initial public offering as described below: Issuer: Brass Eagle, Inc., a worldwide leader in the design, manufacture, marketing and distribution of paintball products, including paintball guns, paintballs and accessories. Security: Common Stock Expected Size of Offering: 2,275,000 shares Expected Price Range: $10.00 to $12.00 Lead Underwriter: McDonald & Co. If you think you may be interested in this Initial Public Offering available through Wit Capital, please visit http://www.witcapital.com or call (888) 4wit-cap. You can view, print or download the Preliminary Prospectus from the New Issues Section of our website. To purchase shares, you must first open an account, which you can do online. Investing in public offerings is speculative and may not be appropriate for every investor. As with all of your investments with Wit Capital, you must make your own determination of whether an investment in this offering is consistent with your investment objectives and risk tolerance. To learn more about the risks of investing in initial public offerings please visit the New Issues Section of our website. A REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION BUT HAS NOT YET BECOME EFFECTIVE. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS COMMUNICATION SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY, NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE SECURITIES IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF SUCH JURISDICTION. NO OFFER TO BUY THE SECURITIES CAN BE ACCEPTED AND NO PART OF THE PURCHASE PRICE CAN BE RECEIVED UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES EFFECTIVE, AND ANY SUCH OFFER MAY BE WITHDRAWN AND REVOKED WITHOUT OBLIGATION OR COMMITMENT OF ANY KIND, AT ANY TIME PRIOR TO NOTICE OF ITS ACCEPTANCE GIVEN AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE. AN INDICATION OF INTEREST IN RESPONSE TO THIS RESPONSE TO THIS ADVERTISEMENT WILL INVOLVE NO OBLIGATION OR COMMITMENT OF ANY KIND. A broker dealer or its agent may only transact business in a state after licensure or satisfying qualification requirements of that state. If you reside in a particular state that Wit Capital is not registered in as a broker dealer or has registered agents in, this message is not directed to you. Wit Capital will not open a brokerage account or sell securities to you until such time registration requirements in your home state are fulfilled. Thank you. Wit Capital Corporation Member NASD/SIPC

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Come Celebrate the launch of Wit Capital Corporation!
by fiona＠witcapital.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

When: Thursday, November 13, 1997 6:00 pm to midnight Where: Wit Capital offices 826 Broadway (corner of 12th St.) 6th floor New York City (212) 253-4400 What: Eat, drink and dance the night away ____________________________________________ For a more colorful invitation, please visit http://www.witcapital.com/invite.html

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Do you suffer from...
by kimmi＠4integrity.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

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INFO-RUSS: school projects... (fwd)
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Forwarded message: >From INFO-RUSS-request(a)smarty.ece.jhu.edu Fri Nov 7 20:09:14 1997 Message-Id: <9711072030.AA17690(a)smarty.ece.jhu.edu> Errors-To: INFO-RUSS-request(a)smarty.ece.jhu.edu Sender: INFO-RUSS-request(a)smarty.ece.jhu.edu Date: Wed, 05 Nov 1997 15:22:36 -0600 (CST) From: "LEONID I. KIRKOVSKY" <lkirkovsky(a)utmem1.utmem.edu> To: info-russ(a)smarty.ece.jhu.edu Subject: INFO-RUSS: school projects... --------------------------------------------------------------------- This is INFO-RUSS broadcast (1200+ subscribers). Home page, information, and archives: http://psi.ece.jhu.edu/~kaplan/IRUSS/inforuss.html To post, or to subscribe/unsubscribe, mail to info-russ(a)smarty.ece.jhu.edu INFO-RUSS assumes no responsibility for the information/views of its users. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Hi, everybody! My son is going to make two voluntary projects for his school. Tentative title of the projects are: 1. Transfer of military technologies to civil life. It is about technologies like microwave oven or diapers came from space stations, or automatic transmission first invented for tanks. 2. Russian scientists/inventors worked/working in the USA (like Sikorski, or inventor of TV). I am wondering if somebody knows any good sources of information on the matter. Many thanks in advance. Leonid Kirkovsky LKirkovsky(a)utmem3.utmem.edu

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Crazy Isreali's... [CNN]
by Jim Choate 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Forwarded message: > CHILD HEIRESS AT THE CENTER OF TWISTED PLOT > > Onassis November 7, 1997 > Web posted at: 7:50 p.m. EST (0050 GMT) > > JERUSALEM (AP) -- As part of a battle over a young girl's $2.4 > billion trust fund, former Israeli secret service agents tracked her > father's movements using paragliders and cameras hidden in trees. > > At least, that's the Israeli version of what happened to Athena > Roussel, the granddaughter of Greek shipping magnate Aristotle > Onassis. > > Swiss authorities, however, suspect the Israelis may have been > involved in a plot to kidnap the 12-year-old girl and want them > arrested. > > Much of the story, hushed up for months, remains shrouded inmystery, > though bits and pieces have emerged in the Israeli media. > > The daily newspaper Maariv ran a banner headline Friday about"An > operation to save the Onassis fortune." Next to it was apicture of > an angelic-looking Athena wearing a white dress and a garland of > white flowers in her honey-colored hair. > > Athena is the only child of Christina Onassis, the shipping > magnate's daughter, and her fourth husband, Thierry Roussel. The > couple divorced 1987 and Christina Onassis died a year later. > Roussel has remarried and has three children with his new wife. > Athena lives with her father and his new family in Switzerland and > France. > > Athena stands to inherit some $2.4 billion when she turns 18,and in > the meantime her father and the Greek executors of hermother's will > have been fighting over control of the money. > > Roussel receives $5 million a year for personal expenses, under his > ex-wife's will. Expenses for Athena are confidential. > > Roussel recently sued the charitable Alexander S. Onassis Public > Benefit Foundation, accusing it of having mismanaged and embezzled > millions of dollars. A Greek court acquitted the foundation earlier > this year. > > Israeli police said that at some point, Greek trustees turned to > Israeli private investigators and asked them to find evidence that > Athena's father was involved in "immoral acts." > > The seven Israelis -- among them former top agents in Israel's Shin > Bet security service -- began by preparing surveillance on the > Roussel mansion near Geneva, according to Maariv and the Yediot > Ahronot daily newspaper. > > This was a complicated task, the newspapers said, sinceintruders > could easily be spotted near the heavily guarded,isolated compound. > One solution the agents came up with, saidYediot, was to use > paragliders to fly over the Roussel home and take pictures from the > air. > > Another scheme to avoid drawing attention was to have > agentsmasquerade as environmentalists driving around in a > vanplastered with "green" stickers. > > The Israeli team also proposed to hide surveillance cameras in the > trees of the compound and use state-of-the-art laser technology to > wiretap Roussel's home and office, Maariv said. > > In a second stage, the surveillance team hired another Israeli > investigator to check out Roussel's Paris apartment, the newspaper > said. The agent learned, said Maariv, that Roussel was running a > modeling agency there, and at one point hired a British model to try > and infiltrate Roussel's business. > > The surveillance efforts came to light when an Israeli businessman > and a friend of the Paris agent found out about it and tried to sell > the information for profit. The businessman was questioned by Swiss > police who began an investigation. > > It was at this stage, said Maariv and Yediot, that the Greektrustees > ordered the Israeli team to drop its efforts. > > In a statement Friday, the Onassis Foundation accused Roussel of a > campaign to remove his daughter from the control of the trustees, > "even in matters of security." > > However, foundation officials refused comment on the record when > asked whether trustees had hired the Israelis. > > Last month, Swiss police officials came to Israel to questionseveral > of the Israeli investigators who had since returned home. > > Israeli police said they decided to close the case because they had > no evidence of wrongdoing. An Israeli police investigator said he > was convinced the Israeli agents had simply carried out surveillance > and were not involved in a kidnapping plot. > > But a Swiss judge investigating the kidnapping suspicions said he > doubted the Israeli version. > > "It's their way of seeing things and it's convenient forthem," said > Judge Jacques Delieutraz of Geneva. "They don't have all the facts > we have."

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Bay Area Cypherpunks meeting announcement
by Lucky Green 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Tomorrow's Bay Area Cypherpunks meeting will be held at the offices of C2Net Software in Oakland. Agenda: o Andrea Liles will present some cool new ideas about virtual CA's. o Lucky Green will demonstrate the Dumb Mouse, a universal chipcard reader, and associated analysis/manipulation software. If you are at all interested in smartcards, especially smartcards for crypto and authentication purposes, you don't want to miss this one. If there aren't too many attendees, we will host a workshop. Attendees are encouraged to bring any smartcards in their possession and discover what is /really/ happening on the card. The Cypherpunks Smartcard Developers Association will accept smartcard donations after the workshop. o Cypherpunks Tonga will announce the release of BSAFEeay, a BSAFE 3.0 API compatible crypto library based on SSLeay. o Cypherpunks Tonga will then combine BSAFEeay with the freeware SETref (which requires BSAFE for the underlying crypto) and demonstrate the first ever globally available *freeware* SET solution. Location: C2Net Software 1440 Broadway 7th Floor Oakland, CA Date/time: Saturday, 11/8, noon Directions: By BART: Exit the system at 12th Street Oakland. Walk north on Broadway one block. 1440 is on the right side of the street. By car: http://www.mapquest.com/ Choose "Trip Quest" from the menu. - -- Lucky Green <shamrock(a)cypherpunks.to> PGP v5 encrypted email preferred. "Tonga? Where the hell is Tonga? They have Cypherpunks there?" -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: PGP 5.0i Charset: noconv iQA/AwUBNGPhYvXUPTw3WtkkEQKztACeIQwx4voyUVIP6u1HmosCWklX7osAnROD TTJn3K2jCIrKUQtOc5Z3oW1P =byR/ -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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No Subject
by Anonymous 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

TruthMunger wrote: > Does Ernst Zundel have the right to deny the Holocaust and brag > about it on the Net? In the U.S. the answer is unequivocally yes. But > in Canada, where Zundel resides, the Human Rights Commission has been > holding hearings on whether the "Zundelsite" violates the country's > hate speech laws. Thus, the Canadian Human Rights Commission's primary goal seems to be to limit Canadian's access to infomation to only that which is in alignment with the goals of those holding the reins of power. TruthMunger ----------- The World Wide Web and its liberating impact is being confronted with some realities from Big Brother. I don't know the technicalities of how these things are done. Would someone enlighten me (us) on how government can shut out internet traffice from or to undesireables? Browsing back through some article by S. Garfinkel recently led me to Electronic Border-Control, 14 July, 1997, Wired's Synapse http://www.hotwired.com/synapse/feature/97/28/garfinkel0a_text.html Some of Garfinkel's ideas about quite conventional about keeping the bad guys out and using government as the means of putting up a cyber barbed-wire-fence. I don't agree with his opinion about this, but it clued me in on the possiblities regarding what might be done under the conditions of a controlled & regulated environment. It would seem that as band-width increases dramatically, cheaper access and greater familiarity with the net occurs that government (taxes, regulations, der polizei, etc.) will come with it. The prospects of having the internet smothered under regulations is a disappointing idea. What are the possiblities for censoring/blocking communications on a technical basis? Sparticus

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Free Website for Any Business
by inbiz＠ultramax.net 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

I will give you a FREE FOREVER website for ANY BUSINESS (except porn or illegal, of course) just for visiting my website. That's right, I'm trying to generate traffic to my website, so as an incentive to get you there, I'll GIVE you your very own website. (There's even a cool page wizard that makes it a snap to create your webpage). Email me back and I'll tell you the address to go to. Best Wishes to you in everything you're doing! Lisa If you'd like to be removed from this mailing list, please hit reply and type remove in the subject line.

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Re: Bay Area Cypherpunks meeting announcement
by Blanc 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Lucky Green wrote: >o Cypherpunks Tonga will announce [...] > >o Cypherpunks Tonga will then combine [...] ........................................................ What is Cypherpunks Tonga? .. Blanc

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WARNING: Serious Pentium Bug
by Anonymous 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

There is a SERIOUS bug in all pentium CPUs. The following code will crash any machine running on a pentium CPU, MMX or no MMX, any speed, regardless of OS (crash as in instant seize, hard reboot the only cure): char x [5] = { 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xc7, 0xc8 }; main () { void (*f)() = x; f(); } This require no special permissions to run, it works fine with average-joe-userspace permissions. I have verified this, it works. Demand a new CPU from Intel.

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YOUR LISTING ON YAHOO!
by brian＠firstgear.com.firstgear.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

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Totally breakable V(aporware) M(oney-making) E(ncryption)
by semprini＠theschool.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

I just finished reading the contents of the VME web-site. I have a few things to say. :) First of all the web-site blows elephant cock. You would think with guys smart enough to come up with "unbreakable encryption", they would at least be able to design a good site. Second, they make a big deal about how fast it is and how it can encrypt *ONE WHOLE FAT MEGABYTE A MINUTE*! Big whoop. Hope nobody wants to encrypt anything useful besides teensy weensy e-mails, 'cause you're gonna grow old before it finishes encrypting. Third, what the hell good is it if nobody can see the source code? It's well known that a trademark of bad cryptographic systems are the ones that rely on secrecy of the algorithm. Some happy little geek in his college computer lab is going to spend the time needed to reverse engineer the program, which they claim is "impossible to reverse engineer". Well, they didn't say it was "impossible", but they did say that the code is so complicated that nobody would be able to understand it if they ever did reverse engineer it. Bullshit. I know a 15 year old kid who actually has the patience to go through a few thousand lines of assembly code just to see what a program really does. Fourth, as someone else pointed out, the description of the algorithm is filled with words like "revolutionary" and "super-fast", etc. The descriptions of how the program works are so vague and general that it hards to believe they even have a running program. The description of the encryption sounds all very pretty, but I seriously wonder if that's the extent of the security. Almost like having a gold plated sign on your door saying "Keep out!" and then leaving your door unlocked. Fifth, their "challenge" to these major corportions merely states that they gave IBM, MS, and Netscape this big challenge to crack the system, but it never actually says the companies took up the offer and are actively trying to crack it. How's this one? "Microsoft, Netscape, and IBM!! I challenge you to crack my version of the Caesar Cipher!" There. I can now claim that I have challenged all the big corps to crack my crypto scheme. Challenging a big company doesn't prove a thing. Anyway, that's my rant and rave. Just as a small side note, if you would like to see some good examples of Madison Avenue at work then just visit this web-site: http://www.meganet.com > News report Nov 7, 97: > > AT&T, Hewlett Packard, Intel Corporation, Dell Computers, and > many other leading computer corporations have been added to the > challenge list by Meganet Corporation. The challenge started > last week with Bill Gates, now some of his peers have an opportunity > to validate or discredit the bold claim that Meganet's VME > (Virtual Matrix Encryption) is totally unbreakable. > > Unbreakable encryption is the only answer to security > in our electronic world. This is graphically illustrated > by the recent report from the National Security Agency > reporting the open market availability of a $10 chip that > can test up to 200 million keys per second. The 56-bit key, > government and banking standard, can be compromised in > twelve (12) seconds with brute force using ASIC > (Application-specific Integrated Circuits) chips. > > Meganet has the answer with its new VME (Virtual Matrix > Encryption). The impenetrable VME also has extreme speed, > much faster than any existing program available today. > > Major computer companies are already starting discussions > to acquire the rights to market this incredible new data > encryption system. More information about this > exciting new technology can be found at: www.meganet.com > > ---------- > > Hmm, wonder if it has impenetrable GAK and CAK options. > >

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Free Wallpaper Tip!!
by 62789105＠06090.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Free Wallpaper Tip!!!! A lot of people have had dark wallpaper installed or have installed it themselves, over a light colored wall, and over time the wall shows through because the seams have expanded. _____________________________________________________ Here is how to remedy this problem. Take a latex (eggshell finish) paint tinted to the color of the wallpaper background. Paint seam about 3ft down the wall with a small paint brush. (1inch) Wipe off immediately, and continue on down to finish off the seam. Repeat on every seam that needs it. Move the brush up and down to color the wall in between seams. ______________________________________________________ You just saved yourself a new wallpaper job. Now the room is like new, and just in time for the holidays! Want to save more money with great tips like this? Of course you do, everybody would. Well I have ALL of the tips and tricks that the pros use to hang paper. Not because I collected them..no, because I used them every day. I am a retired paperhanger with over 25 years experience. I have written an in depth guide for hanging wallpaper. This guide cuts through all the clutter and gets down to the one thing you need to know...how to hang successfully. This guide will teach you lots of tips and tricks, my way. That's not all, I have also put together a report on all the tricks and tips that paperhangers use! Including devious things unscrupulous contractors use to cheat you. These are the tricks that cost you money. The tricks that homeowners just never know, but the paperhangers do! Now you can too!! You can have both reports for the one low price of just $14.95 Print out form below , fill in and mail with check or m/o to: ImagePro Press 2018 Electric Rd SW, Suite 227 Roanoke,VA 24018 NAME______________________________________________ ADDRESS___________________________________________ APPT#________ CITY__________________ STATE________ ZIP____________ EMAIL ______________________________________________ HOME PHONE___ (____) ______ _______

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CHALLENGE to Meganet VME: million dollar hype?
by Attila T. Hun 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Meganet Corporation (818) 757-3890 19528 Ventura Blvd. Suite 317 Tarzana, CA 91356 OPEN CHALLENGE TO YOU over the last 30 years I have seen hundreds of new "unbreakable" encryption programs; all of them have the same claims, the same challenges, and the same secrecy. but, with several notable exceptions, each has contained a fatal flaw. and I have seen even my own "perfect" algorithms fall apart when I awake... therefore, if you want any serious encryption experts to endorse your product as having a factor of "unbreakability" by forcing the level of brute force necessary to do so, provide the algorithm and the associated source code to a few of us who enjoy breaking algorithms as much as we enjoy trying to create them. I dont have time, any more than my colleagues will have time, to waste on foolishness represented by your amateur challenge. until you are willing to submit to an open review by your peers, your supposed encryption product is YAP. secondly, until your methodology is reviewed, we will consider the product a schill to Louis Freeh and other GAK and trap door mandated system advocates. if you wish to be considered a serious contender to replace RSA, it's time to put your cards on the table; we see your nickel and call. in the matter of public encryption, there is no secrecy, or there is no use. your move. attila out... cc: cypherpunks(a)cyberpass.net -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.6.3i Charset: latin1 Comment: No safety this side of the grave. Never was; never will be iQBVAwUBNGRf3LR8UA6T6u61AQGbHgH8CRQZShIUzW0wr1ib7cQGSfMcUbJTygx9 ckzuU/NB4W4u11rEjSQzC5ozybWWxHcjSQel+CZ79wPAP0vM+HM7Jg== =zTyp -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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Major security flaw in Cybercash 2.1.2 (fwd)
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text From: Bob Antia <antia(a)leftbank.com> Subject: Major security flaw in Cybercash 2.1.2 (fwd) To: mjbauer(a)leftbank.com (Michael Bauer), rah(a)shipwright.com Date: Sat, 8 Nov 1997 10:04:14 -0500 (EST) MIME-Version: 1.0 Approved-By: aleph1(a)UNDERGROUND.ORG Message-ID: <f58bccfc52aba91d0973f9bf33160ddd(a)anon.efga.org> Date: Fri, 7 Nov 1997 22:54:16 -0500 Reply-To: Anonymous <anon(a)ANON.EFGA.ORG> Sender: Bugtraq List <BUGTRAQ(a)NETSPACE.ORG> Comments: This message was remailed by a FREE automated remailing service. For additional information on this service, send a message with the subject "remailer-help" to remailer(a)anon.efga.org. The body of the message will be discarded. To report abuse, contact the operator at admin(a)anon.efga.org. Headers below this point were inserted by the original sender. From: Anonymous <anon(a)ANON.EFGA.ORG> Subject: Major security flaw in Cybercash 2.1.2 To: BUGTRAQ(a)NETSPACE.ORG CyberCash v. 2.1.2 has a major security flaw that causes all credit card information processed by the server to be logged in a file with world-readable permissions. This security flaw exists in the default CyberCash installation and configuration. The flaw is a result of not being able to turn off debugging. Setting the "DEBUG" flag to "0" in the configuration files simply has no effect on the operation of the server. In CyberCash's server, when the "DEBUG" flag is on, the contents of all credit card transactions are written to a log file (named "Debug.log" by default). The easiest workaround I've found is to simply delete the existing Debug.log file. In my experience with the Solaris release, the CyberCash software does not create this file at start time when the DEBUG flag is set to 0. The inability to turn off debugging is noted on CyberCash's web site under "Known Limitations". The fact that credit card numbers are stored in the clear, in a world readable file, is not. --jet -b Bob Antia antia(a)leftbank.com The Left Bank Operation, Inc. http://www.leftbank.com TCP/IP Internetworking LAN/WAN/NT/UNIX Admin PGP fingerprint 9B 70 FF 2D 03 CC 5F C1 3E 29 6E D4 16 79 44 A8 --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) Philodox e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' The e$ Home Page: http://www.shipwright.com/ Ask me about FC98 in Anguilla!: <http://www.fc98.ai/>

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Re: Bay Area Cypherpunks meeting announcement
by Colin Plumb 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

Additionally, there will be a release of the PGP 5.0 Unix Specific Source Code Update at the public meeting. -- -Colin

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DO YOU WAGER / GAMBLE ON SPORTS ?
by 99001680＠msn.com 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

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E-Peso's for tractors - McCaffrey on banking
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text From: "Blair Anderson" <blair(a)technologist.com> To: "dcsb(a)ai.mit.edu" <dcsb(a)ai.mit.edu> Date: Sun, 09 Nov 97 01:53:59 +1300 Priority: Normal MIME-Version: 1.0 Subject: E-Peso's for tractors - McCaffrey on banking Sender: bounce-dcsb(a)ai.mit.edu Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Blair Anderson" <blair(a)technologist.com> 06:24 p.m Nov 05, 1997 Eastern U.S. drug czar appeals to banks to track laundering By Anthony Boadle WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Bankers, watch those ``smurf'' accounts. That was the message drug enforcement authorities gave the American Bankers Association and the American Bar Association at their annual money laundering conference Wednesday. Any innocent-looking person could be depositing a drug baron's cash parceled into amounts smaller that the $10,000 reporting threshhold to avoid suspicion, so get to know your customer, they warned. Traffickers hire individuals or ``smurfs'' who open small accounts at U.S. banks in their own or fictitious names. Once in the system, drug money becomes very hard to trace, White House drug policy director Gen. Barry McCaffrey said. Americans spend $49 billion a year on illegal drugs and much of that cash has to go through banks and corporations to get back to the Colombian cartels that ship cocaine and heroin to the the United States, he said. McCaffrey said drug traffickers were becoming increasingly sophisticated in laundering their proceeds, resorting to high tech communication encryption and ``cybercash'' transactions over the Internet. ``We are not going to find dumb guys stumbling into bank branches in New York City with cardboard boxes full of $20 bills that test positive for cocaine,'' he said. ``We are losing contact with the enemy,'' the general said. ''The government cannot follow laundering by itself. You are going to have to help.'' McCaffrey said the drug trade was moving into new areas such as the securities industry to launder its profits. Treasury Department Undersecretary for Enforcement, Raymond Kelly, said Colombian cartels were using a black market peso brokering system to send home their profits. Cartels sell their dollars at a discount to Colombian businessmen who need to buy goods in the United States. The dollars go to pay the U.S. manufacturer or exporter. The pesos never leave Colombia and end up in the drug baron's account. A hooded Colombian woman testified in Congress last month that she had laundered money through large U.S. banks and corporations unwittingly used by black market peso brokers. She cited the case of drug dollars going to pay for a tractor for a Colombian farmer. Keely, a former New York City police commissioner, warned that money laudering was corroding financial institutions. ``It is the source and the product of a burgeoning global parallel trading system that serves the emerging criminal holding companies,'' he told the bankers and lawyers. Kelly said the Clinton administration has worked to lessen the burden of the Suspicious Activity Reports that banks are obliged to file under the Banking Secrecy Act. The banking industry complained it had to file 12 million such reports in 1996, a time consuming and costly activity. New regulations exempts banks from reporting on certain customers, such as corporations listed on stock markets and their subsidiaries. But a new set of rules exempting additional businesses has caused an uproar among bankers because they would have to track the daily currency operations of these businesses for one year and project their annual currency needs. Copyright 1997 Reuters Limited. All rights reserved. Blair Anderson (Blair(a)technologist.com) International Consultant in Electronic Commerce, Encryption and Electronic Rights Management "Techno Junk and Grey Matter" (HTTP://WWW.NOW.CO.NZ [moving servers, currently inactive]) 50 Wainoni Road, Christchurch, New Zealand phone 64 3 3894065 fax 64 3 3894065 Member Digital Commerce Society of Boston ---------------------------- Caught in the Net for 25 years ---------------------------- For help on using this list (especially unsubscribing), send a message to "dcsb-request(a)ai.mit.edu" with one line of text: "help". --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) Philodox e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' The e$ Home Page: http://www.shipwright.com/ Ask me about FC98 in Anguilla!: <http://www.fc98.ai/>

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Content controls
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text X-Sender: hutchinson(a)click.ncri.com Mime-Version: 1.0 Date: Sat, 8 Nov 1997 09:29:04 -0500 To: Robert Hettinga <rah(a)shipwright.com> From: hutchinson(a)ncri.com (Art Hutchinson) Subject: Content controls Cc: whgiii(a)invweb.net, dcsb(a)ai.mit.edu Sender: bounce-dcsb(a)ai.mit.edu Precedence: bulk Reply-To: hutchinson(a)ncri.com (Art Hutchinson) >>>A whole bunch of people are now talking about these cash-settled recursive >>>auction processes, and they're a direct, and now obvious, consequence of >>>bearer (or at least instant) settlement markets for information on geodesic >>>networks. When you add anonymity to the transaction, you pretty much have >>>the final straw for "rights" tracking. Watermarks just tell you who the >>>information was stolen from, for instance. So, one more industrial >>>information process bites the dust. > >>Whoa! Hang on here. Sure, watermarks will tell you who information was >>stolen from, but they're just a stalking horse... a weak second cousin to >>*persistent* content control technologies (such as IBM's Cryptolopes and >>Intertrust's Digiboxes). These allow rightsholders to manage a wide >>range of parameters (including price, usage context, and any other >>variable for which you can imagine having a certificate). Whats >>fundamentally different about what are generically referred to as secure >>envelopes, is that they can maintain controls *indefinitely* >>(persistence), across an un- >>known, ad hoc, web of distribution over which one otherwise has no >>control. And yes, this can all work even in a completely disconnected >>environment (laptop at 35,000 feet). > >>They allow rightsholders, if they so choose, to *continue* being rights- >>holders in a highly networked, digital world, and in a wide range of new >>ways, based on entirely new (or old) business models, that take advantage >>of rich/elaborate conditions for usage (e.g. you can view this picture >>anonymously, but it will cost you 2X as much, and you can only get it at >>low resolution, and you can't view it at all unless you can prove that >>you don't live in the Middle East). No certificate for these conditions? >>Sorry, no content. > >>They are based the same basic stuff (public key cryptography of course) >>that *can* fuel wild anarchic visions of anonymous exchange. ;) > >>But they aren't at all deterministic of any particular economic model. > >Well how exactly does one prevent data from being stolen once it has been >unlocked? I pay my 2X to view the picture anonymously and now I copy it >save it and distribute it worldwide. I fail to see how any >encryption/watermark scheme can prevent me from doing so. The control technologies to which I referred earlier turn the lock/unlock idea into far more than a binary choice. This is what I meant by "persistence". The content cannot be used without its accompanying control set (which again, *might* include payment). Part of the control set I may impose on anonymous viewers could include preventing them from copying or saving the content directly in digital form. This is counter-intuitive to those of us who are used to having cut/paste available at our fingertips in most applications, but its relatively trivial to disable these functions on a file by file basis. Alternatively, I might impose controls that permit anonymous users to see *only* lower reso- lution versions. (by analogy, if you're going to wear a ski mask into a jewelry store, you aren't likely to be shown the expensive stuff - if they let you in the door in the first place). If you were really determined, you could always take a photo of the screen, re-scan it, do some image enhancement to get rid of the graini- ness, re-save it and post it on your web page for all to see, (the so-called digital-to-analog-to-digital work-around), but this is darned inconvenient. Also, try doing that with music or movies.... while avoiding the roving automated net 'bots that will be out looking for illegal copies of content (these are already common). Not worth it. For most people. If it were, we'd already have massive illegal scanning operations in third-world countries, and plenty of demand for their wares. Sure, this exists, and may even grow a bit around the fringes, but this hardly proves the case for a single vision of an anarchic Robin Hood future for all content (Sell today else I rip you off tomorrow!!) As a non-disclosed third party, I'm not at liberty to discuss the 'guts' of either the Crytolope or Digibox technologies (though I have seen them) Both are covered, as you might imagine, by a fairly extensive array of active and pending patents. If you want to learn more, I'd recommend contacting them directly: www.intertrust.com (or their partner, Softbank NetSolutions) www.infomkt.ibm.com Cheers. - Art Art Hutchinson hutchinson(a)ncri.com Northeast Consulting Resources, Inc. phone: (617) 654-0635 One Liberty Square fax: (617) 654-0654 Boston, MA 02160 www.ncri.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "Working at the intersection of business and IT strategy to help organizations embrace electronic commerce opportunities" For help on using this list (especially unsubscribing), send a message to "dcsb-request(a)ai.mit.edu" with one line of text: "help". --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) Philodox e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' The e$ Home Page: http://www.shipwright.com/ Ask me about FC98 in Anguilla!: <http://www.fc98.ai/>

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Re: Hughes Markets? (finally some stimulating debate on dcsb)
by Robert Hettinga 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

--- begin forwarded text X-Sender: hutchinson(a)click.ncri.com Mime-Version: 1.0 Date: Sat, 8 Nov 1997 09:28:21 -0500 To: "R. Jason Cronk" <listmanager(a)orange.redmans.com> From: hutchinson(a)ncri.com (Art Hutchinson) Subject: Re: Hughes Markets? (finally some stimulating debate on dcsb) Cc: dcsb(a)ai.mit.edu Sender: bounce-dcsb(a)ai.mit.edu Precedence: bulk Reply-To: hutchinson(a)ncri.com (Art Hutchinson) I wrote: >>Whoa! Hang on here. Sure, watermarks will tell you who information >>was stolen from, but they're just a stalking horse... a weak second cousin >>to *persistent* content control technologies (such as IBM's Cryptolopes >>and Intertrust's Digiboxes). These allow rightsholders to manage a wide > ><SNIP> > >>They allow rightsholders, if they so choose, to *continue* being rights- >>holders in a highly networked, digital world, and in a wide range of new To which R. Jason Cronk replied: >"if they so choose" and here is where I submit the two camps divide. Yep. I couldn't agree more. There will be at *least* two, (and probably more like 2000) 'camps'. And here is where I think we diverge.... >Sure, you can decide to try to hold on to the rights, but it is going to be >market suicide. Your best bet is to sell it all off, get what you can for >it and do it again. In other words, a recursive auction market. With more sophisticated tools for rights management, the market contest can move to another level, with content business models *themselves* vying for attention. Recursive auctions are merely one of these models. They may make perfect sense for the kind of content that is going to decline in value over time anyway (news, for example). Not all content works this way though. Recursive auction markets are exciting because for the most part, they haven't been possible in 'copyright' industries until recently. Its easy to say that they will be more important than they are today. They will. But to say that they are fore-ordained as the only way for creators to get compensated is much too narrow. This view would only make sense if detaching copies from usage controls were easy. Today it is, and there is a common misconception that this will continue. But it won't. Cryptographers especially should understand this. The same base technology that makes it extremely difficult to mint one's own digital coins in someone else's currency will make it extremely difficult to use someone else's digital content without complying with their controls (including payment). It is inconsistent to say that digital money can have persistent value and digital content cannot. Both are information. Both based on a common faith in a 'brand': either the U.S. Treasury or Disney. Same idea. Best, - Art Art Hutchinson hutchinson(a)ncri.com Northeast Consulting Resources, Inc. phone: (617) 654-0635 One Liberty Square fax: (617) 654-0654 Boston, MA 02160 www.ncri.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "Working at the intersection of business and IT strategy to help organizations embrace electronic commerce opportunities" For help on using this list (especially unsubscribing), send a message to "dcsb-request(a)ai.mit.edu" with one line of text: "help". --- end forwarded text ----------------- Robert Hettinga (rah(a)shipwright.com) Philodox e$, 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' The e$ Home Page: http://www.shipwright.com/ Ask me about FC98 in Anguilla!: <http://www.fc98.ai/>

2 1

New GAO y2k reports
by Steve Schear 17 Dec '03

17 Dec '03

The following General Accounting Reports recently became available: - Year 2000 Computing Crisis: National Credit Union Administration's Efforts to Ensure Credit Union Systems Are Year 2000 Compliant. T-AIMD-98-20. 14 pp. October 22, 1997. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/ai98020t.pdf NCUA admits that they are in deep do-do. "... (1) current agency efforts to determine industrywide compliance are behind the generally accepted schedule for achieving Year 2000 compliance, and, consequently, NCUA does not yet have a complete picture of where credit unions stand individually or as an industry, (2) the agency lacks a formal, documented contingency plan in case credit unions do not become compliant in time or have other problems, (3) credit union internal auditors may not be thoroughly addressing Year 2000 issues as part of their work, and (4) NCUA does not have enough technical capability to conduct Year 2000 and other examinations in complex systems areas." "... the problem could lead to numerous problems when calculations requiring the use of dates are performed, such as calculating interest, calculating truth-in-lending or truth-in-savings disclosures, and determining amortization schedules. Moreover, automated teller machines may also assume that all bank cards are expired due to this problem. In addition, errors caused by Year 2000 miscalculations may expose institutions and data centers to financial liability and risk of damage to customer confidence. Other systems important to the day-to-day business of credit unions may be affected as well. For example, telephone systems could shut down as can vaults, security and alarm systems, elevators, and fax machines." - Social Security Administration: Significant Progress Made In Year 2000 Effort, But Key Risks Remain. AIMD-98-6. 17 pp. plus 2 appendices (6 pp.) October 22, 1997. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/ai98006.pdf The SSA reports that about 80% of its core code has been converted and tested and is confident of completion by January 1999, but that significant y2k exposure remains due to possible contamination from non-compliant sources of information (e.g., state disability and other federal agencies). --Steve

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