October 2009 - cypherpunks-legacy

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Fwd: [IP] "Secure" Computers aren't
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Begin forwarded message: > From: Dave Farber <dave(a)farber.net> > Date: October 31, 2009 4:05:44 PM GMT-04:00 > To: "ip" <ip(a)v2.listbox.com> > Subject: [IP] "Secure" Computers aren't > > > > > > Begin forwarded message: > >> From: Randall Webmail <rvh40(a)insightbb.com> >> Date: October 31, 2009 3:21:40 PM EDT >> To: dewayne(a)warpspeed.com, dave(a)farber.net >> Subject: "Secure" Computers aren't >> > >> http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/cryptography.html >> >> Secure computers arent so secure >> >> Even well-defended computers can leak shocking amounts of private >> data. MIT >> researchers seek out exotic attacks in order to shut them down >> >> Larry Hardesty, MIT News Office >> >> October 30, 2009 >> >> You may update your antivirus software religiously, immediately >> download all >> new Windows security patches, and refuse to click any e-mail links >> ostensibly >> sent by your bank, but even if your computer is running exactly the >> way its >> supposed to, a motivated attacker can still glean a shocking amount >> of >> private information from it. The time it takes to store data in >> memory, >> fluctuations in power consumption, even the sounds your computer >> makes can >> betray its secrets. MIT researchers centered at the Computer >> Science and >> Artificial Intelligence Labs Cryptography and Information Security >> Group >> (CIS) study such subtle security holes and how to close them. >> >> In 2005, Eran Tromer, now a postdoc at CIS, and colleagues at the >> Weizmann >> Institute in Rehovot, Israel, showed that without any breach of >> security in >> the ordinary sense, a seemingly harmless computer program could >> eavesdrop on >> other programs and steal the type of secret cryptographic key used >> by one of >> the most common Internet encryption schemes. Armed with the key, an >> attacker >> could steal a computer users credit card number, bank account >> password >> whatever the encryption scheme was invoked to protect. >> >> Computer operating systems are supposed to prevent any given >> program from >> looking at the data stored by another. But when two programs are >> running at >> the same time, they sometimes end up sharing the same cache a small >> allotment of high-speed memory where the operating system stores >> frequently >> used information. Tromer and his colleagues showed that simply by >> measuring >> how long it took to store data at a number of different cache >> locations, a >> malicious program could determine how frequently a cryptographic >> system was >> using those same locations. The memory access patterns that is, >> which >> memory addresses are accessed are heavily influenced by the >> specific secret >> key being used in that operation, Tromer says. We demonstrated a >> concise >> and efficient procedure for learning the secret keys given just >> this crude >> information about the memory access patterns. Complete extraction >> of the >> private key, Tromer says, takes merely seconds, and the >> measurements that >> are needed, of the actual cryptographic process being attacked, can >> be >> carried out in milliseconds. >> >> The encryption system that Tromer was attacking, called AES, was >> particularly >> vulnerable because it used tables of precalculated values as a >> computational >> short cut, so that encoding and decoding messages wouldnt be >> prohibitively >> time consuming. Since Tromer and his colleagues published their >> results, >> Intel has added hardware support for AES to its chips, so that >> Internet >> encryption software wont have to rely on such lookup tables. >> >> In a statement, Intel told the MIT News Office that its decision >> was mainly >> motivated by the performance/efficiency benefits achieved, but >> that in >> addition, there is a potential security benefit since these new >> instructions >> can mitigate the possibility of software side channel attacks on >> AES that >> have been described in research papers, including those discovered >> by Tromer, >> Percival, and Bernstein. >> >> I think its fair to say that its a direct response to the cache- >> timing >> attacks against AES, Pankaj Rohatgi, director of hardware security >> at the >> data security firm Cryptography Research, says of Intels move. >> >> Together with CIS cofounder Ron Rivest and CSAILs Saman >> Amarasinghe, Tromer >> is trying to develop further techniques for thwarting cache attacks >> by >> disrupting the correlations between encryption keys and memory access >> patterns. A couple weeks ago, at the Association for Computing >> Machinerys >> Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, the researchers >> announced that >> they had a proof-of-concept prototype of a defense system, but >> they plan to >> continue testing and refining it before publishing any papers. >> >> Tromer has also been investigating whether cloud computing the >> subcontracting of computational tasks to networked servers >> maintained by >> companies like Amazon and Google is susceptible to cache attacks. >> Many web >> sites rely on cloud computing to handle sudden surges in their >> popularity: >> renting added server space for a few hours at a time can be much >> cheaper than >> maintaining large banks of proprietary servers that frequently >> stand idle. >> >> The word cloud is supposed to suggest that this vast >> agglomeration of >> computing power is amorphous and constantly shifting, but Tromer and >> colleagues at the University of California, San Diego, were able to >> load >> their eavesdropping software onto precisely the same servers that >> were >> hosting websites theyd targeted in advance. In part, their >> approach involved >> spreading their software across a number of servers, then assailing a >> targeted website with traffic. By spying on the caches of the >> servers hosting >> their software, they could determine which were also trying to keep >> pace with >> their fake traffic spikes. Once theyd identified the target sites >> servers, >> they could use cache monitoring to try to steal secrets. >> >> Imagine a stock broker that specializes in a specific company, >> Tromer says. >> If you observe that his virtual machine is particularly active, >> that could >> be valuable information. Or you may want to know how popular your >> competitors website is. Weve actually demonstrated that we can very >> robustly estimate web server popularity. >> >> This has sparked the imagination of both the research community and >> industry, Rohatgi says. I interact with a lot of people in >> industry, and >> when they say, Give me the technical basis for this, I point to >> [Tromer and >> colleagues] papers. >> >> Finally, Tromer is continuing work he began as a graduate student, >> on the use >> of a hundred-dollar commodity microphone to record the very >> sounds emitted >> by a computer and analyze them for information about cryptographic >> keys. So >> far, Tromer hasnt been able to demonstrate complete key >> extraction, but he >> believes hes getting close. >> >> Any information at all about a computers internal workings is >> actually >> fairly damaging, Rohatgi says. In some sense, some of these >> cryptographic >> algorithms are fairly brittle, and with a little extra information, >> you can >> break them. > > > > ------------------------------------------- > Archives: https://www.listbox.com/member/archive/247/=now > RSS Feed: https://www.listbox.com/member/archive/rss/247/ > Powered by Listbox: http://www.listbox.com

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