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Fwd: [zs-p2p] [Cryptography] Fwd: [IP] 'We cannot trust' Intel and Via's chip-based crypto, FreeBSD developers say
by coderman 11 Dec '13

11 Dec '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Bill Cox <waywardgeek(a)gmail.com> Date: Tue, Dec 10, 2013 at 3:57 PM Subject: Re: [zs-p2p] [Cryptography] Fwd: [IP] 'We cannot trust' Intel and Via's chip-based crypto, FreeBSD developers say To: cryptography(a)metzdowd.com I have to take back my criticism of Intel's RNG. I got my sims working for a version of their architecture in .35u CMOS, and it's simply better than my "Infinite Noise Multiplier". It's probably the best true random noise generator ever. I still don't like how their schematic is seems highly sensitive to supply noise, but we don't know what the actual circuit looks like. Intel hasn't told us. So, I'm going to modify it a bit to use the resistors available on my chip and reduce the caps, fix the supply sensitivity, and I think I can run 16 of these things in parallel at 100-200MHz on the tiny .35u CMOS chip I'm designing. I'll spit out the raw waveforms from the inverters, buffered once, through 16 "analog" pins, so there wont be any fear (hopefully) that I'm cooking the data on-chip, before you can see it, and I'll open-source the schematics. If there's a circuit that can consume all 1.6Gbit/sec of this raw data, have fun with it! On the digital side, I'll XOR bits together to get the bandwidth down to something reasonable, which I can send over USB, and provide a simple Linux driver. This thing will definitely put out RF, but since I'm making the raw data available at the pins, should I care? By the way, this is just a for-fun project at work. I get to do a free chip design :-)

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Fwd: [zs-p2p] [Cryptography] Fwd: [IP] 'We cannot trust' Intel and Via's chip-based crypto, FreeBSD developers say
by coderman 11 Dec '13

11 Dec '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Bill Cox <waywardgeek(a)gmail.com> Date: Tue, Dec 10, 2013 at 1:26 PM Subject: Re: [zs-p2p] [Cryptography] Fwd: [IP] 'We cannot trust' Intel and Via's chip-based crypto, FreeBSD developers say To: cryptography(a)metzdowd.com I think there may be weaknesses in Intel's hardware RNG. I took a good look at Intel's hardware random number generator source. There's a paper analyzing it here: http://www.cryptography.com/public/pdf/Intel_TRNG_Report_20120312.pdf The basic idea is that back-to-back inverters, when powered on, flip one way or the other randomly, sort of like DRAM memory when our computer's power on. By powering on a single pair of back-to-back inverters over and over, they can generate a random bit per cycle, at about 3 Giga-bits/second, which is amazing! Here's my concerns about the the paper: - I saw no mathematical analysis of how much noise exists in the system and how strongly it will influence the result each cycle. There were generalities about how the noise could cause the output to be random, but no numbers at all. - There is an assumption that the capacitors are charged/discharged by 10% of the standard deviation of the noise. I saw no justification for this. It seems they simply assumed best case. - The paper is about as objective as a mother talking about her children. For example: "Overall, the Ivy Bridge RNG is a robust design with a large margin of safety that ensures good random data is generated even if the ES is not operating as well as predicted." Based on what? - I am not convinced they have the right model for the entropy source. They add noise to the bias on the capacitors, and compare that to 0 to determine the next output bit in their model. I think the main source of noise may be the randomness in number of electrons added/subtracted each cycle, and that the back-to-back inverters in the absence of other noise may be acting almost as an ideal comparator. However, if this were the case, even if there were 10% noise in the number of electrons, there would be considerable correlation between bits. I also have questions about the design itself. My main concern is that noise on the VDD rail could easily determine the output. For example, if the transistors are mismatched, which of course they will be, and the bias is set exactly right on the caps so there's a 50-50 chance of a 0 or 1, and suddenly VDD drops 10% due to a rising edge of the the main system clock, then the inverter with higher gate thresholds will become weak faster than the other one, thus determining which one wins. Since this circuit runs asynchronously from the main system clock, I could easily see the 3MHz system clock phase relative to the entropy generator clock determining most of the results from the entropy source, while looking fairly random. Any weakness in the raw random data stream is hidden from us by the AES encryption done as a post-process. I simulated back-to-back inverters in my .35u low power CMOS process in SPICE to see if I could figure out how to make a practical circuit using Intel's topology. If it works, it would be fantastic. I think I can get rid of most of the supply noise issues. I had a similar problem in my "Infinite Noise Multiplier", so I switched to powering the circuit with nothing but large W and L constant current sources, and using the range from 0V to Vref, rather than 0V to VDD, because Vref is stable relative to AVSS. However, I wasn't able to get enough noise to make Intel's ciruit work, though that may be due to limitations in the SPICE simulator. Has anyone else had success using Intel's RNG topology?

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Fwd: [cryptography] Which encryption chips are compromised?
by coderman 11 Dec '13

11 Dec '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: coderman <coderman(a)gmail.com> Date: Tue, Dec 10, 2013 at 7:12 PM Subject: Re: [cryptography] Which encryption chips are compromised? On Tue, Dec 10, 2013 at 4:11 PM, <dan(a)geer.org> wrote: > ... > For this to be an explicit line item in that document, it > has to be special. The two classes of "special" that occur > to me are (1) XXXXXX has a near monopoly (like Broadcom > does in its sector) or (2) XXXXXX is uniquely vulnerable to > blackmail (a merchant with an export control problem, say). you ask interesting questions Dan, and draw useful conclusions :) some items to note: - is this DUAL_EC_DRNG? don't think so. deadline is FY 2013. - is this DUAL_EC_DRNG? the market for closed source, proprietary crypto solutions is small (and growing smaller, :( - is this XSTORE? it's been a while. but never should have been used directly. see mtrngd with MSR bits set no whitening, max sample, max freq. into mix + conservative estimate before /dev/random write. > But in related news: > > Engineers abandon encryption chips after Snowden leaks > http://rt.com/usa/snowden-leak-rng-randomness-019/ some cryptographers and cypherpunks have become despondent or dejected or demoralized by these events. i see a larger picture: never before have so many been doing crypto less wrong! ;P

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Open phones for privacy/anonymity applications, Guardian
by grarpamp 10 Dec '13

10 Dec '13

A few links... http://neo900.org/ http://projects.goldelico.com/p/gta04-main/ https://jolla.com/ http://www.fairphone.com/ http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/13/11/02/1637236/openphoenux-neo900-bill… More interesting platforms for even Guardian or other OS than any Nexus 5 or alike hardware, no? https://guardianproject.info/hardware/ http://unrevoked.com/rootwiki/doku.php/public/root_friendly http://wiki.cyanogenmod.org/w/Devices

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good clocks (not using GPS) and multi-channel hw [was: sidebands of great justice]
by coderman 09 Dec '13

09 Dec '13

On Thu, Nov 7, 2013 at 11:32 PM, coderman <coderman(a)gmail.com> wrote: > ... > SDR MIMO kit leaves much to be desired, however. let me clarify: the hardware available for SDR MIMO development leaves much to be desired. ... the blocks and implementations for OFDM coding in software are OK :) USRP N2X0 can do it, other setups require external reference clock with high fidelity. any recommendations for non-GPS clocks performing at 50-100ppb or better?

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Re: EM-nature (was: infra-org)
by Bill Stewart 09 Dec '13

09 Dec '13

>JYA wrote: > > The celebrated EM components of TEMPEST are commonly > > used as subterfuges, ruses and ploys to divert attention from > > the non-EM -- which an almost limitless number of animals and > > other creatures use for SIGINT and COMINT... Back in the 80s I ran a TEMPEST-shielded computer room, with a VAX 11/780 and later some Sun-2 workstations, doing studies for the government that they didn't want Commie Spies listening to. The shielding was basically plywood with sheet metal on both sides, with special metal joints in between them and on the corners, packed with wire mesh in the joints to plug any extra leaks, making a nice big Faraday cage. The air vents were metal grates an inch or two deep with zig-zaggy airflow paths, and our data connections used fiber optics going through waveguide holes that were about 3" long and 1/8" diameter. Power feeds used big inductive low-pass filters. We measured the RF-tightness using meters that ran at 450 MHz, trying to keep things 120dB tight. You had one person carry a transmitter on one side of the wall, another person a reader on the other side. One experiment we'd occasionally do was to stick a wire through the fiber waveguides, and if you got more than halfway through, that was enough for 450MHz to leak out. I'm not sure what frequencies we *really* needed to protect against, but the Vax ran at something like 10 MHz, so 450MHz was way overkill for any harmonics that might happen. What occurred to me recently was that 10 MHz computers may have been state of the art for the mid-80s, but that was a lot of iterations of Moore's Law ago, and I doubt the technology of the time is much use for current 2-3 GHz laptops. The main Faraday cage should be fine, plus or minus a bit of extra copper tape to plug minor leaks, but all the air vents are going to be awfully leaky at those frequencies. Any idea what people use today?

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Re: EM-nature (was: infra-org)
by John Young 08 Dec '13

08 Dec '13

The earliest and most enduring form of infosec -- crypt-crypto -- is non-EM, non-language, non-homo-erectus. Current versions contain vestigals of those primitives in what is disingenuously termed implementation. And it is in implementation where most comsec failures occur and where most successes succeed. Code is closer to whistling in the dark, baying at the moon, offering newborns to hungry wolves. Implementation is 99.99+% of infosec-comsec, perhaps 100%. Code hardly scratches the surface and might be constructively seen as a ruse, a strategem, concocted and promoted to delude. Delusion is the prime purpose of implementation. Code inebriation creates phantasms of security by ignoring signs of predators aprowl where coders live, work, sleep, chat OTR and post. David Kahn, among others, amply desribes the range of implementation, its short-term successes and long-term delusions. Nothing finer in Carolina than belief in an invulnerable cryptosystem. Less noticed is the effectiveness of promulgating an invulnerable comsec or cryptosystem to encourage widespread use. As seen today, not only in the fantastic rise of the comsec industry but also in the frantic efforts to keep the ball rolling to counter Snowden's disclosures of delusion. At 11:58 AM 12/8/2013, Brian Carroll wrote: i need to make note of this observation because it has special >relevance for the present situation of shared observation regarding >'information operations' (or other) that occur and-or are analyzed >within a particular context, framework, conceptualization. because >there is a split in worldview and modeling between the animal realm >whereby the sonar of bats or directional navigation of birds become >detached in their EM abilities from similar non-recognized natural >abilities in humans, which are 'off the map' so to speak, in terms >of a general awareness and recognition of similar EM physiology. Rest good stuff elided.

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re: EM-nature
by brian carroll 08 Dec '13

08 Dec '13

// apologies for the quixotic ranting this involves. it is // directed at a prevailing ideological condition readily // encountered most everywhere and institutionalized, // though also pervades communications frameworks // in which ideas take place, outside logical accounting // beyond language itself, thus bias/distortion built-into // structure for conveying observations, not removed. // science and technology is heavily invested in this // viewpoint, reliant upon it, to the point it is religion- // yet detached from, nonobservant of greater truth. in // this way, a privileged hierarchical perspective where // technological tools themselves operate in bounded // and biased condition as if neutral, due to ideology // when instead warped, twisted, turned against self. // in this way, to interrogate the crooked windmillery (regarding default scenario: waffling into oblivion...) for instance, if the mathematics of zero is off, then use of such equations reliant on this modeling are going to bound observations into a realm of perpetual inaccuracy as a basis for worldview and 'physics' itself likewise, if politically expedient, within this boundary, a model of relativism can continually be reinforced via these mathematics, it further provides a framework that declares a particular reality to be the shared situation, even if this goes against common sense, experience, truth, and knowledge. physics then determining it as if judge, jury, ultimately executioner of 'bad thinking' because it does not conform to the inaccurate model such as astronomers believing goats ruled earth from the moon or whatever other such beliefs, if enforced and stopping other direct observations because they do not conform to the belief system much more accurate in a charged atmosphere that we are beings are _submerged in an information environment, a realm of invisible circuitry that has fundamental relation to pattern and constellations of data, models that repeat as concepts and ideas, and where do these reside, only inside of brains? this is why the jellyfish seemed a useful analogy, a floating sentience suspended in an information rich environment that then is mediated, tuned into, related to and through within certain dimensionality that may change from one being, species to the next and yet some fundamental condition is also shared, held in common, this is the electromagnetic context that is _undocumented in both nature and humans as a continuous circuit throughout the cosmos from the beginning of its existence to peak development of life and sentience unfolding at its very edge, that is where consciousness is operating, alive, interface to reality and able to reflect upon this condition yet without a unified model, EM cosmography necessary before EM cosmology, seemingly, to consider EM nature in relation to EM lifeforms, and then EM humans and EM technology within this realm, as 'consciousness' and concepts like code, programming, 'artificial intelligence' are inherently related to this condition in its truth, yet completely separated from it due to a non- electromagnetic worldview, understanding, as if computers invented and 'contain' charge vs. everything containing charge in a given realm, plants, animals, the air, tools, bodies, minds. the circuit itself not even a concept beyond the manufactured circuitboard in terms of a diagrammatic approach to reasoning, that is processing of reality and decision-making, such that perhaps this too is about circuits, and we cannot reason or communciate in the way we actually think, via patterns as our worldview is disconnected from them, from our own observation, and made into signs instead, held apart from geometry, other structural relations and evaluations that may predate or provide foundation for more ornate descriptions thereafter yet these fundamentals are not secured and instead lost in a non-EM evaluation, as if 'writing to write' or 'coding to code' is a higher connectivity or awareness when instead it is a further detachment from the fundamentals, truth in its logical evaluation needed to secure the modeling, test and correct for errors, the obligation ignored, denied for a simple, quicker lost cause, moving in the wrong direction, forgetting to listen to the compass built-into the self, of the electromagnetic directionality, its connection with this cosmic condition and the naturalness and unity, harmony that could exist with people, environment, tools, instead ignored, disease, disharmony and falsity taking the place of enlightenment then to speak of anything detached from this condition as if encompassing it in a too small, finite worldview, believing infinity can be pre- packaged into a confined condition and then held there as mode of control over it, versus freeing the infinity truth and human reasoning, challenging the concepts and regulations of 'discourse' and 'institutionalization of views', to achieve this greater accuracy, _security instead becomes the very problem that must be combated to defend, uphold the criminal falsity and deception of a false worldview, false reality, false perspective, false beliefs that are normalized, enforced, dictated in this way what is anything in its truth without this electromagnetic context as the foundation for its evaluation, and this in all its dimensionality, not compartmented into narrowed controlled categories that are the basis for its denial via social protocols that seek to uphold a given social order that does not serve or seek this greater truth and instead desires to substitute it, stand-in for it, as guardians though of the false, nothingness code, crypto in this context, tools, computers, programming, reasoning, processing, thought, security, insecurity, tyranny, freedom, laws how do you move from infinite parallel worlds in relativistic conditions into a single shared empirical framework in varying dimensionality via quantum conditions without EM-nature? how do you do this if the mathematics do not allow it. or an absolute framework is not allowed within reasoning via the ideology of relativism as it has been detached from logical accounting beyond the binary onesided belief of ideology. what if the model of information survives death, that like energy, if information is attached to it as pattern in some way, whether morphic fields or other conceptual forms or formatting, patterns that even these computer conversations could already be occurring interdimensionally, beyond given thresholds yet not perceived locally this way. none of it can be rationalized if the foundation for the worldview is off, wrong, fundamentally incorrect and there is every indication that this is the case, yet further, that it purposeful, to maintain control over events by denying the true nature of reality and seeking to control and exploit this against human populations, for their political subjugation that is driven by evil intent, exampled everywhere then to communicate or talk in this realm as if it is not happening, beyond the pale to mention as if craziness. that is threshold of the different groundings, the ruling ideology based on falsity all its circuitry open to hacking and cracking, awaiting horn to announce the games begin... ❉ ✴ ❇ example of diagrams shared on defunct electronetwork-list https://www.dropbox.com/sh/hdp28xagjr4d0us/RX2WLmrK3z

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Re: NSA morale down
by John Young 08 Dec '13

08 Dec '13

Most NSA employees, like all spy agencies, do not participate directly in special ops, any more than most military members do not engage in combat. So they are terribly displeased when the exposed war carnage breaks the bubble of prestige and admiration bestowed on the whole clan for recruitment, pensions, awards and ceremonial burial. NSA had a relatively clean record, compared to other spies, until the fan was hit with Snowden. Snowden learned that working for a spy or military contractor under guise of ennobling public service is a shock at how badly hires and ex-officials are treated: produce and fulfill new contracts damn quickly or get the fuck out. So he got out. All the perks of official service are no where to be seen, and being shit on by bosses is much worse than that of the non-secretkeepers who can abuse with impunity on behalf natsec. To earn the dirty-work salaries means to eat their shit, no valor, no medals, no pride, just shameless profits. Which is why quite a few go back into official service after a taste of raw capitalism always rotting. And, not least, why even more adjust their ethics and morals to fit what the corporations expect for predator-grade dollars a year. Thus, millionaire Michael Hayden, who led the privatizing initiative with a gang of venal directors and is reaping payola for demonizing Snowden. And so is Alexander preparing a place in that select TS/SCI Codeword crowd. Infosec-comsec firms and experts play this duplicity game exceedingly well, feet in both camps, hands in both pockets, via dual-use tech and contracts, and it is to be expected that evidence of that classified duplicity is being withheld by the Snowden information managers, aided and abetted by those very experts in lawful business corruption and deception, protected by secrecy. Clues repeatedly proclaimed by the press outlets: officials ask, demand, threaten, don't publish names, addresses, emails, contractors' names. Kiriakou and Hammond await you. The sweet smell of success: joining the secretkeeping crowd for future rewards by way of irresistable offers. Guess how much will be offered to deliver Snowden and his unpublished cache (if not Greenwald and Poitras too) by one or more of his information fences by bribe and threat? Sabu is ROTFLHAO, wearing a medal for taking the piss. Probably the biggest downer for the nobody NSA grunts is observing the golden rewards of lying to the public. If that disenchantment goes the right way, there well be a steady stream of Snowdens delivering their bundles to publishes, or best, self-publishing and bypassing the venal MTMs enjoying fucking over sources. At 03:44 AM 12/8/2013, you wrote: >On Sun, Dec 8, 2013 at 12:22 AM, coderman <coderman(a)gmail.com> wrote: > > ... > > it remains to be seen if they simply jump to private sector who are > > just as bad, or pursue less offensive careers entirely. > >by private sector i'm thinking of companies like Statfor more than Amazon... > > >http://cryptome.org/2013/12/wl-stratfor-popovic-ows.htm >""" >... Below are a series of articles this past week about >internationally acclaimed activist, Srdja Popovic, and his involvement >with the private intelligence firm Stratfor. > >... If anyone has information about CANVAS or Srdja Popovic, please >feel free to contact me at zoealif[at]gmail.com. I am currently >writing a blog post on the story. >"""

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EM-nature (was: infra-org)
by brian carroll 08 Dec '13

08 Dec '13

JYA wrote: > The celebrated EM components of TEMPEST are commonly > used as subterfuges, ruses and ploys to divert attention from > the non-EM -- which an almost limitless number of animals and > other creatures use for SIGINT and COMINT... i need to make note of this observation because it has special relevance for the present situation of shared observation regarding 'information operations' (or other) that occur and-or are analyzed within a particular context, framework, conceptualization. because there is a split in worldview and modeling between the animal realm whereby the sonar of bats or directional navigation of birds become detached in their EM abilities from similar non-recognized natural abilities in humans, which are 'off the map' so to speak, in terms of a general awareness and recognition of similar EM physiology. in other words, 'the senses' of humans are detached from their electromagnetic context that would unify a model of humanity (to be discussed at some later time) with such EM nature and provide context for both a healthy relation and toxic conditions. though this remains unrecognized via a political agenda that prevents such data beyond its protected ideological boundary, thus effects of wi-fi or artificial radiation (radio, etc) on human beings is categorized into a realm of personal 'mental illness' and unrelated to issues of cancer, at the same time EM tools (nuclear resonance) are used to treat the ~mystery disease. it is a split between mind-body that is enforced institutionally, disallowing EM viewpoint while leveraging its onesidedness against dumbed-down populations, unable to reason within the warped frameworks about what is going on, because the cause and effect have been separated, plausibly denied. in a context of 'information operations' and 'electronic warfare' this involves a realm of ~supernatural-like events that thus cannot be accounted for in a non-electromagnetic context or view, such that it cannot be 'rationally' reasoned with beyond a realm of forced hysteria, as if dealing with ghosts/demons, versus technological infrastructure operating in other realms. thus security, defense, attacks are in a realm of "beliefs" that are detached from a shared understanding/knowledge of the environment these events are operating/occurring within, like magic or witchcraft or sorcery, exfiltrating data and then using a god-status to manipulate peoples lives - now this is the power of government that is beyond oversight, law itself. entire realms of ideological attackers then can be aligned in such a ~wildwest scenario as if a replay of cowboys/indians, the model for basic exchange moves towards highway robbery in this same approach, detached from the actual condition that exists, unable to speak about it or confirm it, as with physics that supposedly "define" reality at the material level yet which are byzantine and disconnected views that disallow reasoning and observation while seeking to represent, have control over it as ideology - this massive obfuscation the success of relativism. so that nothing and only nothing can be discussed and the left is rest for experts. in this way, silence is enforced via ideology that is actually _detached from nature yet claims to represent it and so to the mind and imagination and body of humans, these as they are detached from the environment they exist within as this becomes the basis for exploitation, predator/prey relations at the level of politics of the rogue state, homicidal government. in this way little can be said or done without being discredited for going 'beyond the lines' that are dutifully enforced by the protectors and defenders of the corrupt ideology, this boundary is what needs to stand, the misrepresentation and malmodeling of existence so that _reason cannot occur in accurate terms, mathematics (of zero) and michelson-morley experiment (as if simple debunk of aether) and removal of the absolute from all equations, then acting and believing as if this is NORMAL when it is fundamentally unreal as to shared experience and observation of known and knowable facts and observations. instead it becomes about what is allowed via a viewpoint that can remain secure while allowing other views to exist, within certain parameters yet truth is lost in this confinement to a finite, overcontrolled, self-interested, skewed interaction, whereby "nothingness" continually replaces "being" as the shared condition, while those administering technology can further apply and ply their craft and trade against and upon humans, while humans have no effect on this relationship, it is a bias that is enforced by dark ages restrictions upon thought, held within an outdated view, stagnation of beliefs for hundreds if not thousands of years of knowledge (basic amber and lodestone fundamentals continually extended, technologized) whereby even the fact that the atmosphere itself is full of charge is irrelevant to those whose interest is in technology, as if the 'data model' for information only exists in artificial media and not within EM nature itself, that beings could be interacting and formatted the shared environment like the r/w head of a harddrive via mind, yet the considerations never go outside the skull or beyond the 'expert models' that bound this to the brain instead. as if people cannot be allowed to think for themselves or perhaps know far more than "beliefs" of scientists allow via its enforcement of a corrupt political ideology, where this bias against accurate human representation that gives rise and momentum to an antihuman agenda, a religious belief system that is biased against humans as this is turned into infrastructure, tools, government. and at its core is nothingness. falsity, lies. not truth. it is language games. it is disregard for, exploitation of logic whereby proofs are unneeded, never checked- beyond language in its ungrounded condition and this very comprehensiveness is itself based on absolutism, where 'it cannot be known' becomes this absolute truth simultaneously denied by the same political priesthood whose goal is to mislead, misdirect, to keep us enslaved in a false worldview, model, "physics" detached from reality the disconnection of accurate understanding of the mind, as if we cannot be allow to think or know consciousness even, outside the scientific technological evaluation within a biased modeling, then forbids accurate connection and evaluation with the electromagnetic body, nervous system, senses, in terms of awareness, reasoning, truth itself as it relates to information (and security) beyond 'the brain', and all the senses in their variability as they are unified and not kept separate within human and other entities. yet this wholeness is illegal as an identity, observation is forcibly denied, the perspective directly challenges the technical and ideological and political advantage of those using these warped harmful tools and exploits against the population, to continue their illegal control over events to the deterioration of earth, its inhabitants when truth is outlawed there is no way to 'reason' about such conditions. they are penalized as viewpoints and this defines a boundary condition or protected threshold of different values, economic/political/social interests that separate, some mind and bodies benefit for this while others must suffer as a result of ongoing deception. for some it is their security model, this obfuscated realm. for others, humans, it is the basis for insecurity, torment, disconnection for action and ability, realism, truth itself thus reality is legislated away by others who stand in for the law, on their own terms, for their own benefit while others must suffer for this to be sustained, yet if some take on more suffering via self-sacrifice, this condition could be fundamentally transformed, given rules of operation changed, hacked, short-circuited and switched into other circuits, functionality, and then the situation becomes increasing interesting worldwide, as unified understanding takes control, governed by shared service to truth, firstly, finally ▲ ◁ ▼

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