May 2023 - cypherpunks - lists.cpunks.org

Software Unfiltered: The Shifting Burdens In Computer Software Copyrightability
by Gunnar Larson 22 May '23

22 May '23

Software Unfiltered: The Shifting Burdens In Computer Software Copyrightability https://www.mondaq.com/unitedstates/patent/1316176/software-unfiltered-the-… The Federal Circuit weighed in on the test, and burdens, for showing copyrightability of "nonliteral elements" of computer software in its SAS Inst. v. World Programming Ltd decision.1 The Court affirmed a lower court ruling that SAS failed to establish copyrightability of its computer software's claimed elements after World Programing Limited ("WPL") successfully established that a substantial portion of the allegedly infringed elements are not protectable by copyright, shifting the burden back to SAS. The decision, authored by Judge Reyna with a dissent from Judge Newman, further held that, after this burden shift, SAS failed to provide evidence that individual elements of its software programming could survive an abstraction-filtration-comparison analysis as adopted in the Second, Fifth, and Tenth Circuits. I. The District Court: SAS Failed to Address the Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison Test After WPL Successfully Shifted the Burden The lower court decision arose from the Eastern District of Texas, where SAS accused WPL of infringing the copyright in the "nonliteral elements" of its software, as well as other claims that were not relevant on appeal. "Nonliteral elements" are those elements that are not written in code, including for example the "program architecture, structure, sequence and organization, operational modules, and user interface." After both parties moved for summary judgment on the nonliteral copyright infringement claims, the district court held a "copyrightability hearing" to allow the parties to argue the issue of copyrightability with supplemental briefing. The district court applied the abstraction-filtration-comparison analysis of copyrightability. Under this framework, a court first breaks down a work to its various sub-elements to individually determine the copyrightability of those elements ("abstraction"). It then removes any sub-elements that it determines are not eligible for copyright protection ("filtration"). The remaining, protected, elements are compared against the allegedly infringing software ("comparison") to make an infringement determination. Here, the district court ruled that SAS failed to provide, during the filtration step, evidence of the copyrightability of any individual element of its software. Noting that there was no clear guidance in the Fifth Circuit as to the burden of proof for the "filtration" step, the district court adopted the Eleventh Circuit's burden shifting framework. Under this framework, once the copyright holder satisfies its initial burden of copyrightability (such as through presentation of valid copyright registrations), the burden first shifts to the alleged infringer to identify and substantiate the "species of unprotectability" as to why the work is not subject to copyright protection. Then, if met, the burden shifts back to the copyright holder to establish what precise portions of the work are copyrightable. Here, the district court ruled that SAS met its initial threshold burden, and that WPL, the alleged infringer, met its prima facie burden of showing multiple sub-elements should not be eligible for copyright protection. It then concluded that SAS had not met its shifted burden to establish what specific portions were eligible. Specifically, rather than engage with the filtration analysis, SAS relied on its copyright registration (the evidence for its initial threshold burden), and arguments that the SAS system was "creative." The court ruled that this reliance on "creativity" of the arrangement of the system failed to meaningfully engage with the test or show the individual copyrightability of any elements of the SAS system. II. The Majority Opinion: The Federal Circuit Accepts the Shifting Framework and that SAS Failed to Engage with It On appeal, SAS challenged the burden shifting abstraction-filtration-analysis framework. The Federal Circuit, however, upheld it as keeping with established precedent. The Federal Circuit noted that evidence of a valid registration does not mean that every element of the work (such as the non-literal elements at issue here) is protectable. Rather, the registration creates a "rebuttable" presumption of copyrightability. The Federal Circuit found the framework adopted by the district court correctly required the copyright holder to respond to proof of uncopyrightability advanced by the defendant by identifying what specific elements of its own work are entitled to copyright. That SAS either "failed or refused to do so" proved dispositive. III. The Dissent: Judge Newman Contends the Majority Decision Rejects the Copyrightability of Nonliteral Elements. Judge Newman, in dissent, offered an alternative interpretation of the case. By her reasoning, precedent already protects the claims made by SAS for copyrightability. Specifically, this case originated in the Fifth Circuit, and in Eng'g Dynamics, Inc. v. Structural Software, Inc., 26 F.3d 1335, 1341 (5th Cir. 1994) the Fifth Circuit had opined on the copyrightability of "nonliteral" elements of computer software programs generally. Judge Newman contended this previous ruling should have categorically answered the "copyrightability" question for SAS's claim without further analysis. Judge Newman argued that, rather than simply finding SAS failed to meet its burden, the majority reached an extension on the Supreme Court's decision in Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc., 141 S. Ct. 1183 (2021), which ruled that Google's use of Oracle's Java API naming conventions constituted fair use of Oracle's copyrighted materials. There, the Supreme Court did not reach the copyrightability question, leaving open the baseline question of whether the Java API naming conventions were copyrightable in the first place. Judge Newman contends that the SAS decision incorrectly says they are not. According to Judge Newman, "[t]he existence of possible infringement defenses based on the extent of copying does not negate copyrightability of the work." Her analysis suggests the burden-shifting paradigm used by the majority where a copyright holder must prove the copyrightability of individual elements rather than relying on the selection or arrangement of elements, analogous to the precedential Supreme Court ruling in Feist, is inappropriate. This dissent would require that copyrightability and infringement be separate analyses, and the framework used by the majority calls that approach into question. Under Judge Newman's dissent, SAS would seemingly have proven copyrightability when it showed a valid copyright for its software under a selection and arrangement of literal and non-literal elements. The majority addressed Judge Newman's dissent in its opinion, specifically finding "a key step prior to engaging in an infringement analysis is to determine which elements of the asserted material are copyrightable," also citing Eng'g Dynamics, Inc. v. Structural Software, Inc. which held "[t]o establish copyright infringement, a plaintiff must prove ownership of a valid copyright and copying of constituent elements of the work that are copyrightable.". Under the majority's formulation of copyrightability analysis, a copyrightability analysis for claims of non-literal software infringement is not a one-step process, and instead involves an extra step to prove not only whether a copyright is held, but whether the underlying work is entitled to copyright protection. IV. Future Implications: The Shifting Burdens of Shifting Burdens An open question is the applicability of this decision on future software copyright infringement actions involving claims of non-literal copying. It is possible the decision will represent primarily a procedural ruling that centers on the district court's use of a "Copyrightability Hearing" during pre-trial procedure and the evidence proffered by a plaintiff's expert for copyrightability. But the majority's decision in this case will likely reinforce a burden-shifting scheme in copyright infringement actions, where a copyright holder should be prepared to substantiate the copyrightability of specific elements of its copyright. The case is SAS Inst. v. World Programming Ltd., — F.4th — (Fed. Cir. 2023). Footnote 1. Typically, copyright actions are appealed to the regional circuit court of appeals, here the Fifth Circuit. This decision was appealed to the Federal Circuit instead because the plaintiff included patent infringement claims in its complaint. Even though the plaintiff appealed on only copyright issues, this granted jurisdiction to the Federal Circuit under 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1).

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A Slice of History: Celebrating Bitcoin Pizza Day
by Gunnar Larson 22 May '23

22 May '23

Happy Bitcoin Pizza Day! ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: Bitcoin.com Marketing <marketing(a)bitcoin.com> Date: Mon, May 22, 2023, 11:22 AM Subject: A Slice of History: Celebrating Bitcoin Pizza Day To: <g(a)xny.io> Preview: Discover the story of the 10,000 Bitcoin pizza, today worth over $269 million ‌ ‌ ‌ [image: Bitcoin.com Logo] <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> On this day in 2010, two Papa John’s pizzas were unknowingly swapped for a fortune. Today, we commemorate that unique transaction as Bitcoin Pizza Day, a pivotal moment in the history of cryptocurrencies, and a testament to the remarkable potential of Bitcoin. Hungry for pizza and curious to test his Bitcoins, a programmer named Laszlo Hanyecz decided to make an unusual offer. He would pay 10,000 BTC for two large pizzas, about $41 at the time, effectively putting a price tag of less than half a cent on each Bitcoin. A fellow enthusiast in England accepted the offer, ordered the pizzas for Hanyecz, and the rest, as they say, is history. Fast forward thirteen years, and the current value of Bitcoin stands at $26,900. To put that into perspective, the 10,000 Bitcoins spent on those two pizzas would now be worth a staggering $269 million! If there’s an obvious takeaway from the Bitcoin pizza story, it’s this: the Bitcoin you purchase today, while it may not seem like a lot, could someday transform into a fortune. This isn’t a guarantee, of course — cryptocurrencies are volatile and investing always comes with risk — but it’s certainly a possibility. If the past growth of Bitcoin is any indicator of its future, your slice of the Bitcoin pie could be worth a lot more someday. Yet, the power of Bitcoin extends beyond its potential for long-term gains. >From preserving wealth across generations, to being a resilient form of currency amid increasing global authoritarianism, Bitcoin offers a unique value proposition. It’s more than a digital asset — it’s a tool of financial empowerment. In a world where getting involved in a civil protest may see you cut off from traditional banking and payments, Bitcoin offers a universally accessible financial system. It empowers individuals to have full control over their wealth, independent of any government or organization. When viewed from this perspective, Hanyecz’s pizza purchase symbolizes much more than an expensive meal. It stands as the first real-world application of decentralized money, marking the birth of an era where financial sovereignty is not just a dream, but an achievable reality for anyone with internet access. So as we celebrate Bitcoin Pizza Day, let’s remember what it represents: a groundbreaking moment that paved the way for massive innovation in the decentralized finance space. But also, let’s use this day as a reminder of the power that lies in simply holding an asset like Bitcoin for over a decade. Who knows? The Bitcoin you buy today might be the key to a fortune tomorrow. Or perhaps, to just a really, really expensive pizza. Either way, here’s to many more slices of history, and to the exciting future of Bitcoin. Happy Bitcoin Pizza Day! *Buy Bitcoin now* <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> [image: Bitcoin.com Logo] <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> [image: Facebook] <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> [image: Twitter] <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> [image: Instagram] <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> [image: LinkedIn] <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> [image: Medium] <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> [image: YouTube] <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> [image: Telegram] <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> [image: Discord] <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…> @2023 Saint Bitts, LLC 858 Zenway Blvd, P.O. Box 1830, Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis This email was sent to g(a)xny.io. To unsubscribe or manage your subscriptions click here. <https://www.bitcoin.com/manage-email-subscription/?uid=90e5d428-ead9-42c7-a…> Have feedback for us? Submit here. <https://email.bitcoin.com/e/c/eyJlbWFpbF9pZCI6ImRnVHM1d1VEQUlpbmFZZW5hUUdJU…>

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The Banking Crisis for the Biggest U.S. Banks Began in April 2022; By December 14 They Had Shed $457 Billion of Deposits
by Gunnar Larson 22 May '23

22 May '23

https://wallstreetonparade.com/2023/05/the-banking-crisis-for-the-biggest-u… By Pam Martens and Russ Martens: May 22, 2023 ~ Pretty much everything the average American has read about the banking crisis is wrong. And there is at least a prima facie case that could be made that Big Media is responsible for that misinformation. Let’s start with the dozens of mainstream media reports that small banks were bleeding deposits and these deposits were flooding into the biggest banks in the U.S. as a safe haven. Those reports gave the distinct impression that the mega banks on Wall Street are viewed by Americans as a safe place to stash money, never mind that they blew up the U.S. financial system in 2008 and still have more than $200 trillion in derivatives lurking in the shadows. According to FRED data compiled by the St. Louis Fed (see chart above), bank deposits at the 25 largest U.S.-chartered commercial banks peaked at $11.556 trillion on April 13, 2022, then went into a persistent downtrend that erased $457 billion of deposits by December 12, 2022. Meanwhile, the more than 4,000 small U.S. banks, on the other hand, produced a $25 billion gain in deposits in the same time span. It was not until all of those news articles appeared in March and April saying that small banks were losing deposits that the small banks actually saw a sharp drop in their deposits. On March 13 the Financial Times ran this headline: “Large US banks inundated with new depositors as smaller lenders face turmoil.” The subhead was even more questionable, reading: “Failure of Silicon Valley Bank prompts flight to likes of JPMorgan and Citi.” (JPMorgan Chase has been charged with an unprecedented five felony counts by the U.S. Department of Justice over the past nine years. See JPMorgan’s Board Made Jamie Dimon a Billionaire as the Bank Rigged Markets, Laundered Money, and Admitted to Five Felony Counts.) Citigroup’s stock has been a basket case since the financial collapse in 2008. Citi did a 1-for-10 reverse stock split in 2011 to window dress its stock price. On April 28, the Bloomberg columnist, John Authers, wrote a column that was syndicated to the Washington Post. Authers included this misleading information about the four largest U.S. banks: JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Wells Fargo and Citigroup’s Citibank. “This summary from the Canadian firm Palos Management explains neatly why the bigger banks are still OK: “The first quarter’s performance of the big four was consistent with a broad consensus that the big banks have capitalized on massive depositor inflows, clearly related to the well-documented liquidity stresses facing their smaller, regionally based brethren. This should come as no surprise. The panic-fueled depositor exodus from the smaller banks to the larger ‘too big to fail’ banks is simply a rational decision. Protection of capital rules.” As we reported on May 8, the actual reality is this: Deposits at JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America and Wells Fargo Shrank by $465 Billion Y-O-Y; More than Twice the Total of 4,000 Small Banks. In that article, we provided granular details as follows: “The deposit losses at JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America and Wells Fargo are more than twice what the 4,000 small banks lost in total during the same period. Their combined loss in deposits was just $210 billion… “Bank of America and Wells Fargo not only lost those large deposit sums on a year-over-year basis, but both banks saw deposits fall during the past five quarters, including the quarter ending March 31, 2023 when headlines were declaring that they were seeing big inflows of deposits as a result of the banking crisis. JPMorgan Chase lost deposits in each of the quarters in 2022 and then saw a small increase in deposits in the first quarter of this year – likely from all of those misleading headlines. (This information is easily obtained from the financial statements the firms file publicly with the SEC.)” Over this past weekend, the Wall Street Journal ran a big article on how the banking crisis has “only made JPMorgan stronger.” (Paywall.) Reporter David Benoit writes as follows about JPMorgan Chase’s purchase of the collapsed bank, First Republic: “Yet JPMorgan’s show of strength, for many, exposed a weakness in the U.S. financial system. The bank and its largest rivals have become so big, their reach so extensive, that the government would almost surely step in to prevent their failure. That implicit guarantee encourages people and businesses to move their money to them in times of stress creating a feedback loop that makes big banks bigger at the expense of their smaller peers.” The only feedback loop we’re seeing is the echo chamber of the mainstream business press. What is not in dispute about JPMorgan Chase’s grab of First Republic Bank is the following: JPMorgan Chase was first called First Republic’s “rescuer” by the media. Then JPMorgan Chase became First Republic’s “advisor” to find strategic options for its survival. Then JPMorgan Chase put at least 800 of its employees to work on doing due diligence in order to buy First Republic for itself and get a sweetheart deal from the FDIC. The sweetheart terms of the deal include the FDIC eating 80 percent of any losses on single-family residential mortgages for 7 years and 80 percent of any losses on commercial loans, including commercial real estate, for five years. The FDIC also, bizarrely, handed JPMorgan Chase a $50 billion, five-year fixed-rate loan at an undisclosed interest rate. All of this raises the question, who got the bailout: uninsured depositors at First Republic Bank or JPMorgan Chase?

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NAACP issues travel advisory alleging, Florida 'hostile to African Americans'
by Gunnar Larson 22 May '23

22 May '23

What does this mean for NYCCoin and MIA Coin? https://abcnews.go.com/US/naacp-issues-travel-advisory-alleging-florida-hos… The national NAACP Board of Directors has issued a formal advisory against traveling to Florida, alleging the state has become "hostile toward African Americans" under the leadership of Gov. Ron DeSantis.

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Wells-Fargo | Violation Tracker
by Gunnar Larson 22 May '23

22 May '23

$8B at FTX and $25B at Wells Fargo. How is FTX one of the biggest scandals in digital assets today? The BitLicense could be one of the biggest opportunities for innovation out of New York State. ---- https://violationtracker.goodjobsfirst.org/parent/wells-fargo Violation Tracker Current Parent Company Summary Current Parent Company Name: Wells Fargo Ownership Structure: publicly traded (ticker symbol WFC) Headquartered in: California Major Industry: financial services Specific Industry: banking Penalty total since 2000: $25,943,801,143 Number of records: 236

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FTX 'One of the Biggest Financial Frauds in American History': Prosecutor Damian Williams - Decrypt
by Gunnar Larson 22 May '23

22 May '23

https://decrypt.co/117156/ftx-one-of-biggest-financial-frauds-american-hist… FTX 'One of the Biggest Financial Frauds in American History': Prosecutor Damian Williams The U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York gave insight today into the charges levied against Sam Bankman-Fried. A lawsuit against Bankman-Fried was also announced today by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission today over alleged violations of commodities law. Gretchen Lowe, acting director of the division of enforcement at the CFTC said it has identified $8 billion in customer losses as of today.

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UN chief backs reform of Security Council, global financial system – POLITICO
by Gunnar Larson 22 May '23

22 May '23

“The global financial architecture is outdated, dysfunctional and unfair,” Guterres said. ---- https://www.politico.eu/article/united-nations-secretary-general-antonio-gu… United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres backed the reform of the U.N. Security Council and the international financial system to align them with the “realities of today's world.” Both the U.N. body and the financial architecture reflect the power relations of 1945 and need to be updated, Guterres told a press conference Sunday on the margins of the G7 summit in Hiroshima, Japan, according to Reuters. “The global financial architecture is outdated, dysfunctional and unfair,” Guterres said. “In the face of the economic shocks from the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it has failed to fulfill its core function as a global safety net.” Guterres made the same point on Saturday, writing in a tweet that it was “time to think seriously about the reform” of the international financial architecture. The U.N. Security Council came under fire in April when Russia assumed the rotating presidency of the 15-member body despite the fact that 141 countries condemned its aggression on Ukraine. Experts have claimed that Russia’s veto in the Security Council undermines the U.N.’s effectiveness on the international stage.

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Apple’s Key Decision-Makers Behind the New Mixed-Reality Headset
by Gunnar Larson 21 May '23

21 May '23

Apple’s Key Decision-Makers Behind the New Mixed-Reality Headset https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2023-05-21/the-key-apple-aapl-ex… Apple is just a few weeks away from debuting its mixed-reality headset. This past week, I gave an in-depth look at the device’s development and features. Now, here’s a list of the key people involved in the project. Also: Apple pivots to clothing and details iOS 17’s new accessibility features, while ChatGPT comes to the iPhone. Last week in Power On: Apple begins testing speedy M3 chips as it pursues a Mac comeback. The Starters Steve Jobs Theater at the Apple Park campus. Photographer: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg Apple Inc. has thousands of employees working on its upcoming mixed-reality headset, including executives, marketers and engineers. But there are a handful of people who have been especially critical to the seven-year-plus effort, which could be the company’s riskiest product launch in decades. That cadre includes top lieutenants to Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook and executives from the company’s Technology Development Group, the secretive team behind the device. There’s also someone on that list who is no longer at the company, but still casts a shadow over Apple’s product strategy. Here are the people who helped steer Apple into the world of mixed reality: Mike Rockwell: Rockwell is in charge of the product and has led its development since around 2016. He has helped craft the vision for the headset and the Technology Development Group itself, and oversees engineering of the product — from hardware to software to services. While there has been skepticism that the device will become a smash hit, some are optimistic simply because of Rockwell’s involvement. “He’s an utter genius and if anyone can get this done, it’s him,” said a person involved in the development who wasn’t authorized to speak publicly. Look for Rockwell to be one of the faces of the headset when it’s introduced. Jeff Williams: Williams, Apple’s chief operating officer, has been a driving force in the headset’s development for the last few years. He’s often seen as an heir apparent to Cook, and the current CEO has leaned on Williams to make the product a success. He’s in charge of Apple’s design team — including the human interface group that has conceptualized many of the device’s use cases and its overall vision. His group is also in charge of manufacturing the equipment itself, which is known internally as the most complex product Apple has ever designed. Jony Ive (left) and Dan Riccio (right). Photographer: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images Dan Riccio: Riccio is Rockwell’s boss and the conduit between the Technology Development Group and Apple’s top executive team. He has worked exclusively on the headset over the past two years, following a stint as Apple’s hardware engineering chief. He’s likely to retire not too long after the headset’s release, and some involved in the development believe Riccio sees this as a legacy-defining product. He previously oversaw two other products — a full TV set and a car — that were either canceled or delayed. Paul Meade: Meade is Rockwell’s most senior lieutenant, handling hardware engineering for the device. He was one of the top hardware managers for the iPhone until 2017. That’s when he shifted his focus to the headset, tasked with turning the device into a product that Apple could actually ship. Before Apple, he led hardware development for the Sidekick and Microsoft Corp.’s short-lived line of Kin phones. Reporting to Meade are two more key figures: Fletcher Rothkopf and Ray Chang. Rothkopf, a former intern on the iPod team, was a senior design executive for the Apple Watch before being tapped by Rockwell as the lead designer of the headset. Chang leads the teams developing underlying electronics. Jony Ive: Though Ive had already moved to a part-time role at Apple by the early days of the headset, he was involved in the project since its inception. He pushed the company to avoid the isolating designs that plagued existing VR headsets. He also lobbied for a portable design — without an external base station — and an outward-facing display that would let you see the eyes of the user. And he wanted a smooth transition between virtual and augmented reality. (The device ultimately handled that task via an Apple Watch-inspired digital crown.) Ive works at his own design firm now, but he remained involved until about a year ago, when his contract with Apple ended. Apple marketing head Greg Joswiak. Photographer: Christopher Dilts/Bloomberg Greg Joswiak: Joswiak is the company’s marketing chief and one of the biggest proponents of the headset on Apple’s executive team. The company is counting on him to sell consumers on why they’ll need a $3,000 device powered by nascent technology. He’s unlikely to use the same approach as Meta Platforms Inc., which markets its headsets by touting the metaverse. Joz, as he’s known within Apple, has said he’ll “never use” that term. So don’t expect such a mention on stage next month. Phil Schiller: Joswiak’s longtime boss isn’t as involved in future product development as he once was, but he’s responsible for Apple’s launch event for the device. It will be the very first time the world actually sees this long-discussed product, so the stakes are high. Schiller, known to have a VR car racing rig at home, pushed for the device to have a strong gaming component, particularly via third-party apps, an area he oversees. Frank Casanova: Casanova is the head of marketing for the headset. He earlier handled those duties for Apple’s AR efforts, back in 2019 when they were tied exclusively to the iPhone. He also previously ran iPhone partner marketing, which involved promoting the device with carriers. Earlier in his career at Apple, he helped lead QuickTime, the Mac media player. After he first joined the company in 1988, he led its old Advanced Projects Division under CEOs Gil Amelio and John Sculley. Kim Vorrath: Like Meade, Vorrath was brought to the headset project to help get the device to market. She’s the lead engineering program manager, or EPM, on the project, which means she’s responsible for making sure the team hits its deadlines. She’s also in charge of quality control. Vorrath came from the iOS and macOS side of Apple, where she spent years as the head program manager for its main operating systems. She was also key in developing the software for the original iPhone in the mid-2000s. Jeff Norris: Norris was an early hire on the project, joining in 2017 from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab to help figure out the “killer app” for the device. At NASA, Norris used virtual reality to control spacecraft. The use case for the Apple product has been a little more nebulous, but he sees virtual videoconferencing, meditation and remote collaboration as key selling points. Others on the project remain concerned that there still isn’t a slam-dunk reason for consumers to use the headset. But that could change over time, as has happened with the Apple Watch. Apple chips chief Johny Srouji. Source: Apple Inc/Apple Inc. Johny Srouji: Srouji is Apple’s top chip executive, responsible for the M2 processor and other custom components inside the headset. Srouji has been skeptical of the endeavor, internally likening it to a science project. He argued that Apple’s resources would be better spent on new iPhone chips that could drive more revenue than the headset. In the end, Srouji’s team created some of its most advanced chips to date for the headset. But in one setback, Srouji’s group spent years developing a wireless chip for an abandoned feature that would connect the headset to a base station for extra power. Shannon Gans: Gans is in charge of mixed-reality content for the device and oversees dealings with Hollywood types. Gans ran an animation and virtual reality content studio for two decades before becoming an executive producer on an animated series for Jon Stewart at HBO. She joined Apple five years ago and leads a team of VR content experts. Gans is responsible for ensuring the device has enough material at launch and has worked with existing Apple TV+ partners, Walt Disney Co. and Dolby Laboratories Inc. to build content for the device. Geoff Stahl: Stahl is responsible for much of the software that will run on the headset, including the new xrOS operating system. He’s also involved in the development of the device’s applications and gaming engine. Unsurprisingly, Stahl was a senior graphics and gaming software manager at Apple prior to this role. Other key software players include Ranjit Desai, responsible for the operating system’s underpinnings, or firmware; Selim Ben Himane, in charge of the computer vision technology that allows the headset to understand its surroundings; and Yaniv Gur, the former head of engineering for iWork, as well as the Books, Notes and News apps. Of course, Cook is ultimately responsible for the product. The final version has veered from his initial vision, as I detailed in the latest edition of Bloomberg Businessweek, but now it’s up to him to get it over the line. After more than a decade running Apple, this device could ultimately either strengthen or undermine his legacy. The company is betting that it’s the former. Discuss the latest Power On and more in our new Discord channel. The Bench Jason Sudeikis attends Apple’s Ted Lasso Season Two event. Photographer: Valerie Macon/AFP Apple has another new product category up its sleeves, literally. The iPhone maker, in partnership with Nike Inc., plans to begin selling Ted Lasso merchandise for $35 and up on the Apple online store, I’m told. The move is designed to promote the hit TV+ show in what could be its last season. Nike has been selling the gear for months, but this will mark the first time that Apple offers clothing tied to TV+ content (it’s previously sold Apple-themed gear at its company store in Cupertino, California). The apparel will be available in early June, and retail stores will promote a QR code to point shoppers where to find it online. Apple is capitalizing on the breakout success of Ted Lasso, a rare mainstream hit for its three-year-old TV+ service. The show, which chronicles an American football coach’s efforts to lead an English soccer team, has cracked the Top 10 of Nielsen’s streaming ratings — a list typically dominated by Netflix Inc. and Disney. Apple’s new iOS 17 accessibility features. Source: Apple Apple debuts new accessibilities features for iOS 17. As the company typically does in the weeks leading up to WWDC, Apple marked Global Accessibility Awareness Day by unveiling new features coming to the iPhone and iPad. There’s a new Assistive Access option that changes the look of the iOS interface by simplifying apps and making buttons larger (you can see what it looks like on the iPad and iPhone above). Another feature allows you to point the camera at a physical button and have the device explain what it’s looking at. And there’s an option for typing text that you want spoken during a phone call. The feature generating the most buzz is called Personal Voice. This is geared toward users at risk of losing their voice and relies on machine learning to train the iPhone to speak the way they do. They can then use this voice for the text-to-speak feature. OpenAI ChatGPT app on Apple’s App Store. Photographer: akub Porzycki/NurPhoto via Getty Images ChatGPT arrives on the iPhone, months after Apple banned its employees from using it. The free app is now available on the App Store and looks quite similar to the web version. It’s coming soon to Android as well, according to OpenAI, the startup behind the service. By default, it uses the GPT-3.5 language model, but paying customers can gain access to GPT-4. Users will also need the premium version to get faster response times and previews of new features. The same day that the app launched, the Wall Street Journal reported that Apple has banned its employees from using ChatGPT at work, fearing that data inputted into the system could leak sensitive information. The reality is that ChatGPT, along with the rest of the new generative AI services, were banned at Apple several months ago (for use on work projects) and nothing new has happened on that front in a while. Samsung made a similar move a few weeks ago. The Schedule Final Cut Pro on the iPad. Source: Apple Final Cut Pro and Logic for iPad: May 23. A few weeks after the products were announced, Apple is releasing two new iPad pro apps on the App Store as $5-a-month subscriptions. The user interface of Final Cut Pro is designed to be touch-first (it works with a trackpad on a Magic Keyboard or similar device) and appears perfect for in-field edits or for high-end content creators. But, of course, it’s not going to replace the full functionality of Final Cut Pro on a Mac. It’s probably closer to iMovie back in the day, when it worked more smoothly. WWDC 2023: June 5 to June 9. The next Worldwide Developers Conference will kick off in-person at the Apple Park campus in Cupertino. The first day will be the big keynote address, followed by developer sessions online throughout the week. Apple is planning to debut its new headset at the event, alongside the accompanying xrOS software and fresh MacBooks. There also will be updates to iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS and tvOS. Post Game Q&A Q: What’s the latest on Apple’s MicroLED project, and will the company bring those screens to the iPhone? Q: How do you think the Apple headset will do? Q: Where do you think Apple stands with its artificial intelligence and machine learning efforts?

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Eric Adams Is Starving New York City’s Universal Pre-K Program
by Gunnar Larson 21 May '23

21 May '23

Eric Adams Is Starving New York City’s Universal Pre-K Program https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2023-05-15/eric-adams-starves-nyc-s… One of America’s most ambitious child-care experiments is playing out, in part, at a public-housing complex at the far end of Manhattan’s East Village. Tucked behind one of the 13 brick towers that make up the Jacob Riis Houses, a few bright classrooms sit filled with tiny furniture and, one morning in March, dozens of toddlers. This is the Jacob Riis Early Childhood Center, one of roughly 1,200 sites that make up New York City’s free, public pre-kindergarten program, which operates mostly via contracts with mom and pop providers and local nonprofits.

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Fairy stories how Bitcoin Forum was born into a manger
by professor rat 21 May '23

21 May '23

https://twitter.com/AaronvanW Reposts not lies by omission and revisionism Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android

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