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Life Sciences Cases To Watch 2024: A Midyear Report
by Gunnar Larson 31 Jul '24

31 Jul '24

Life Sciences Cases To Watch 2024: A Midyear Report <https://www.law360.com/competition/articles/1863582?nl_pk=6416fd97-1dc4-4e0…> By Mark Payne From the U.S. Supreme Court down to the federal district courts, judges and lawmakers are grappling with questions crucial to the life sciences industry. Here are some of the biggest life sciences cases to watch in the second half of 2024. Read full article » <https://www.law360.com/competition/articles/1863582?nl_pk=6416fd97-1dc4-4e0…> | Save to favorites » <https://www.law360.com/competition/articles/1863582?nl_pk=6416fd97-1dc4-4e0…>

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UK Crypto Biz To Raise £6.5M Via Private Share Placing
by Gunnar Larson 31 Jul '24

31 Jul '24

UK Crypto Biz To Raise £6.5M Via Private Share Placing <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863473?nl_pk=a94fc…> By Tom Fish Argo Blockchain PLC said on Tuesday that it has agreed to sell shares worth approximately £6.5 million ($8.4 million) to an institutional investor, which the cryptocurrency miner will use to finance general working capital and pay back debt. Read full article » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863473?nl_pk=a94fc…> | Save to favorites » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863473?nl_pk=a94fc…>

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Pensioner Welfare Cuts Create 'Cliff Edge,' LCP Says
by Gunnar Larson 31 Jul '24

31 Jul '24

Pensioner Welfare Cuts Create 'Cliff Edge,' LCP Says <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863481?nl_pk=a94fc…> By Joel Poultney The Labour government's decision to cut annual winter fuel payments worth up to £300 ($385) for retirees not on pension credit or other means-tested benefits will create an unwelcome "cliff edge" for savers, a consultancy has said. Read full article » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863481?nl_pk=a94fc…> | Save to favorites » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863481?nl_pk=a94fc…>

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Pension Tax Reform Could Unlock £100B For UK Growth
by Gunnar Larson 31 Jul '24

31 Jul '24

Pension Tax Reform Could Unlock £100B For UK Growth <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863015?nl_pk=a94fc…> By Sam Tabahriti Changing how pensions are taxed in the U.K. could potentially unlock more than £100 billion ($128 billion) for domestic investment over the next five years, according to a recent analysis by a pensions consultancy. Read full article » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863015?nl_pk=a94fc…> | Save to favorites » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863015?nl_pk=a94fc…>

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Pension Firms Meeting Equity Investment Goals, Insurers Say
by Gunnar Larson 31 Jul '24

31 Jul '24

Pension Firms Meeting Equity Investment Goals, Insurers Say <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863477?nl_pk=a94fc…> By Joel Poultney Pension firms that signed up to an agreement to allocate a minimum of 5% of defined contribution funds to unlisted equities by 2030 have laid "strong foundations" in line with the target, British insurers said Tuesday. Read full article » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863477?nl_pk=a94fc…> | Save to favorites » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863477?nl_pk=a94fc…>

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FCA Could Extend Deadline On Motor Finance Complaints
by Gunnar Larson 31 Jul '24

31 Jul '24

FCA Could Extend Deadline On Motor Finance Complaints <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863469?nl_pk=a94fc…> By Sam Tabahriti Britain's financial watchdog is considering whether to extend the deadline for motor finance companies to deal with complaints from customers about commission arrangements while the regulator investigates whether past deals were compliant with a 2021 ban. Read full article » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863469?nl_pk=a94fc…> | Save to favorites » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863469?nl_pk=a94fc…>

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Consumers Can Appeal Some Blocked UK Mastercard Claims
by Gunnar Larson 31 Jul '24

31 Jul '24

Consumers Can Appeal Some Blocked UK Mastercard Claims <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863750?nl_pk=a94fc…> By Bryan Koenig The United Kingdom's specialty antitrust court gave the go-ahead Tuesday for a partial appeal of its June decision scrubbing as time-barred a swath of claims from a £10 billion ($12.7 billion) class action against Mastercard, while concluding some grounds of appeal have no "real prospect of success." Read full article » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863750?nl_pk=a94fc…> | Save to favorites » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863750?nl_pk=a94fc…>

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Bank Of England Plans New Scrutiny Of Foreign Banks In UK
by Gunnar Larson 31 Jul '24

31 Jul '24

Bank Of England Plans New Scrutiny Of Foreign Banks In UK <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863492?nl_pk=a94fc…> By Alex Davidson The Bank of England's regulatory arm proposed Tuesday new requirements for overseas banks with U.K. operations, to help detect some risks to financial stability that had arisen in the collapsed Silicon Valley Bank UK, sold to HSBC. Read full article » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863492?nl_pk=a94fc…> | Save to favorites » <https://www.law360.co.uk/financial-services-uk/articles/1863492?nl_pk=a94fc…>

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BREAKING: Quinn Emanuel Must Prove Authority In $486M Award Fight
by Gunnar Larson 31 Jul '24

31 Jul '24

BREAKING: Quinn Emanuel Must Prove Authority In $486M Award Fight <https://www.law360.com/governmentcontracts/articles/1863658?nl_pk=4126fe73-…> By Caroline Simson A divided D.C. Circuit panel ruled Tuesday that a lower court should have determined whether Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan LLP had authority to represent Doraleh Container Terminal SA before deciding whether to enforce a $486 million arbitral award issued against Djibouti. Opinion attached | Read full article » <https://www.law360.com/governmentcontracts/articles/1863658?nl_pk=4126fe73-…> | Save to favorites » <https://www.law360.com/governmentcontracts/articles/1863658?nl_pk=4126fe73-…>

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Fwd: Your Freedom of Information Law ("FOIL") Request FOIL-2024-097182-022476 - Records relating to Genesis Global Trading (“Genesis”)
by Gunnar Larson 31 Jul '24

31 Jul '24

---------- Forwarded message --------- From: <Stephanie.Mazza(a)dfs.ny.gov> Date: Fri, Jul 26, 2024, 4:25 PM Subject: Your Freedom of Information Law ("FOIL") Request FOIL-2024-097182-022476 To: <G(a)xny.io> Dear Mr. Larson: Attached please find the Department's determination pertaining to the aforementioned FOIL request. Because your request has been answered, your request is now closed. Tracking Number:FOIL-2024-097182-022476 SENT VIA EMAIL Email: G(a)xny.io, michaelspafford(a)paulhastings.com July 26, 2024 Mr. Gunnar Larson xNY.io – Bank.org 406 West 25th Street New York, NY 10001 Mr. Michael Spafford Paul Hastings LLP 2050 M Street NW Washington DC, 20036 Re: Freedom of Information Law (“FOIL”) Tracking No. 2024-097182 Dear Mr. Larson and Mr. Spafford, This letter serves as a final determination of the FOIL request received by the New York State Department of Financial Services (“Department”) on January 16, 2024, seeking records relating to Genesis Global Trading (“Genesis”), and as a trade secret determination for the request submitted by Genesis that records it submitted to the Department continue to be excepted from FOIL disclosure under N.Y. Public Officers Law § 87(2)(d). The Department received a FOIL request, which reads as follows: 1. Any and all records concerning the New York State Department of Financial Services (DFS) investigation of Genesis Global Trading, Inc. (“Genesis Global Trading”) leading to seizure of the firm's BitLicense. 2. Additionally, xNY.io - Bank.org seeks access to records that explain DFS' calculated $8 million penalty to New York State for compliance failures that violated DFS’s virtual currency and cybersecurity regulations and left the company vulnerable to illicit activity and cybersecurity threats. xNY.io - Bank.org notes DFS has recently published other BitLicense penalties of $100M and $30M. As such, we aim to review accessible records in congruence with Genesis' $8M penalty. 3. xNY.io - Bank.org seeks records that indicate any human rights violations part of the compliance failures that violated DFS’s virtual currency and cybersecurity regulations and left the company vulnerable to illicit activity and cybersecurity threats. 4. Finally, xNY.io - Bank.org seeks any and all STX records associated with the Genesis investigation. As a preliminary matter, Genesis’ BitLicense was not seized, but was surrendered voluntarily. Additionally, the Department has no records responsive to the fourth portion of the request. To the extent the first three parts of the FOIL request are reasonably described, the Department construes the request as seeking all records and correspondence exchanged between Genesis and the Department, and all records created by the Department in connection with the Department’s Consent Order dated January 3, 2024 (“Investigation Materials”). I. Trade Secret Determination In accordance with Public Officers Law § 89(5)(a)(1), at the time that Genesis submitted these records to the Department, Genesis requested that the Investigation Materials be excepted from public disclosure pursuant to Public Officers Law § 87(2)(d). That statute provides an exception from disclosure for records or portions thereof that “are trade secrets or are submitted to an agency by a commercial enterprise or derived from information obtained from a commercial enterprise and which if disclosed would cause substantial injury to the competitive position of the subject enterprise.” Afterwards, the Department notified Genesis of the FOIL request and its right under Public Officers Law § 89(5)(b)(2) to submit a statement of necessity explaining why the Department should continue to except the Responsive Records from public disclosure (“Statement”). Subsequently, on April 2, 2024, and April 23, 2024, the Department received Genesis’ Statements requesting that the Department continue to exempt the Investigation Materials from public disclosure under Public Officers Law § 87(2)(d). In the Statements, Genesis asserts the Investigation Materials contain confidential financial, operating, and other proprietary commercial information pertaining to Genesis, and current and former Genesis affiliated entities, which if disclosed would cause substantial competitive injury to Genesis and its affiliated entities. Genesis asserts the Investigation Materials document confidential commercial business practices, internal audits and work product, and also reveal the shared commercial services Genesis provided to other related entities in the Genesis family of companies, such as onboarding, AML/BSA procedures, cyber-security assessments and reports, marketing, strategy, financial reporting, business contracts and agreements among the Genesis entities, and other nonpublic commercial activities. Genesis asserts the Investigation Materials contain the knowledge and understanding of how Genesis operated and the services it provided, and if made public, would disclose the inner workings and operations of Genesis and its affiliates, provide insight into their operations, and give the recipient of the information an unfair competitive advantage, resulting in substantial injury to Genesis’ competitive position. In Encore Coll. Bookstores, Inc. v. Auxiliary Serv. Corp., 87 N.Y.2d 410 (1995), the Court provided the standard for determining whether records responsive to a FOIL request should be withheld from disclosure due to competitive injury concerns. In Encore, the New York Court of Appeals held that determining whether an entity suffers competitive injury from public disclosure of its records within the meaning of Public Officers Law § 87(2)(d), “turns on the commercial value of the requested information to competitors and the cost of acquiring it through other means.” Id. at 420. The Court’s holding recognized that the trade secret/competitive injury exemption balances the need for openness in government versus the need “to protect businesses from the deleterious consequences of disclosing confidential commercial information, so as to further [New York] State’s economic development efforts and attract business to New York.” Id. Whether disclosing records, in whole or in part, would cause substantial competitive injury to an entity depends on, among other things, the nature of the information involved and the area of commerce in which the entity does business. See Committee on Open Government, Advisory Opinion 10664 (March. 10, 1998). Applying Encore, the Department agrees that disclosure of the Investigation Materials would cause Genesisto suffer substantial competitive injury. A competitor who submits a FOIL request for the information would receive a windfall, since the competitor would have paid only a minimal fee, if any, to obtain proprietary information that Genesis has expended substantial resources to develop. Additionally, disclosing the Investigation Materials would create an unleveled playing field, as Genesis does not possess the commercial business practices of its competitors. Therefore, disclosing the Investigation Materials would unfairly benefit Genesis’ competitors, thereby causing Genesis to suffer substantial injury to its competitive position. Based upon the Statements and pursuant to Public Officers Law § 87(2)(d), the Department determines that disclosing the Investigation Materials would cause substantial injury to the competitive position of Genesis and therefore the Investigation Materials will not be disclosed pursuant to that section of law. Pursuant to Public Officers Law § 89(5)(c), the requester, Gunnar Larson, may appeal this portion of the determination to withhold records within seven business days by sending an email to Christine Tomczak, Assistant Counsel, New York State Department of Financial Services at FOIL.Appeals(a)dfs.ny.gov. III. Final Determination Additionally, the Department is withholding portions of the Investigation Materials pursuant to Public Officers Law § 87(2)(i), which exempts records or portions thereof that, “if disclosed, would jeopardize the capacity of . . . an entity that has shared information with an agency to guarantee the security of its information technology assets, such assets encompassing both electronic information systems and infrastructures.” The purpose of that exemption is to permit an agency to withhold access to codes which, if disclosed, would provide the requestor with the ability to gain unauthorized access to information. See Committee on Open Government Advisory Opinion No. 18911 (June 29, 2012). Records submitted by Genesis and created by the Department contain information pertaining to Genesis’ internal codes, cybersecurity compliance programs and related procedures, and technology infrastructure. Moreover, in light of the recent cyber-attacks involving cryptocurrency exchanges, the Department cannot rule out the possibility that the requested records could be used to breach the information technology assets of the entities. Accordingly, the Department is withholding certain information responsive to your request pursuant to Public Officers Law § 87(2)(i) to minimize the risk of such occurrence. Furthermore, the Department is withholding certain portions of the Investigation Materials that contain personal information pursuant to Public Officers Law § 87(2)(b), which exempts records, or portions thereof, that “if disclosed would constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy under the provisions of subdivision two of section eighty-nine of the [Public Officers Law].” Public Officers Law § 89(2)1 exempts from disclosure, inter alia, “information of a personal nature reported in confidence to an agency and not relevant to the ordinary work of such agency.” Public Officers Law § 89(2)(b)(v). Employee records, organizational charts, and other materials in the Investigation Materials submitted by Genesis that contain personal information are being withheld from disclosure pursuant to § 87(2)(b) to protect the privacy of the individuals who were previously employed, and are currently employed by Genesis. Finally, the Department will not be releasing portions of the Investigation Materials pursuant to Public Officers Law § 87(2)(g), which exempts from disclosure records that are “inter-agency or intra-agency materials which are not: i. statistical or factual tabulations or data; ii. instructions to staff that affect the public; iii. final agency policy or determinations; [or] iv. external audits, including but not limited to audits performed by the comptroller and the federal government[.]” Such internal records contain opinions, recommendations, evaluations, and other subjective commentary by government employees, and do not contain information that fall within any of the four exceptions to non-disclosure under Public Officers Law § 87(2)(g). Here, the internal opinions, recommendations, and drafts contain the very kind of information that the exemption in Public Officers Law § 87(2)(g) is designed to protect. In New York Times Co. v. City of New York Fire Dep’t, 4 N.Y. 3d 477, 488-89 (2005), the Court of Appeals held that “[t]he point of the intra-agency exception is to permit people within an agency to exchange opinions, advice and criticism freely and frankly, without the chilling prospect of public disclosure . . . [and] to permit the internal exchange of candid advice and options between agency employees.” (See also, Miller v. New York State DOT, 58 A.D.3d 981, 984 [3rd Dep’t 2009])(holding that “[t]he interagency and intra-agency exemption applies to records that are deliberative, i.e., communications exchanged for discussion purposes not constituting final policy decisions.”) 1 Public Officers Law § 89(2) provides a non-exhaustive list of the types of information that warrant personal privacy protection. An agency may also more broadly withhold items that could cause individuals personal distress, economic hardship or otherwise humiliate or stigmatize them. See Matter of NY Times Co. v. City of NY Fire Dept., 4 N.Y. 3d 477, 796 N.Y.S. 2D 302 (2005); see also Matter of Rhino Assets, LLC v. New York City Department for the Aging, 60 A.D. 3d 538 (1st Dept. A.D., 2009); Matter of James, Hoyer, Newcomer, et.al. v. State of New York Office of Attorney General, 910, N.Y.S. 2d 762 (Supreme Ct., NY County, 2010). Because portions of the Investigation Materials reflect opinions, deliberations, and communications between Department employees, they fall squarely within the intra/inter-agency exception and, accordingly, are also exempt from disclosure pursuant to Public Officers Law § 87(2)(g). For the foregoing reasons, the FOIL request is denied. Pursuant to Public Officers Law § 89(4), the requester, Gunnar Larson, may appeal this portion of the determination to withhold records within 30 days by sending an email to Christine Tomczak, Assistant Counsel, New York State Department of Financial Services at FOIL.Appeals(a)dfs.ny.gov. Very truly yours, Stephanie Mazza Associate Attorney cc: VIA EMAIL Shoshanah Bewlay, Executive Director Committee on Open Government One Commerce Plaza 99 Washington Avenue, Suite 650 Albany, NY 12231 Shoshanah.Bewlay(a)dos.ny.gov

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