May 2024 - cypherpunks - lists.cpunks.org

Coinbase Scores Victory with Supreme Court Ruling on Federal Arbitration Act - Litigation Finance Journal
by Gunnar Larson 18 Oct '24

18 Oct '24

Check out my new article: https://litigationfinancejournal.com/coinbase-scores-victory-with-supreme-c… Coinbase Scores Victory with Supreme Court Ruling on Federal Arbitration Act - Litigation Finance Journal Litigation Finance Journal recently reported that Coinbase became the first US-based cryptocurrency company to argue a case in front of the Supreme Court. The June decision has been announced, and with a 5-4 majority in favor of Coinbase, the high court ruled “that an interlocutory appeal about one matter (arbitrability) bars the district court from proceeding on another (the merits).” CoinDesk says the ruling is a distinct legal victory for Coinbase, one that could impact future lawsuits against all companies in the United States. For over a century, the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) has been part of user agreements to protect corporations from risk and expense associated with court battles to resolve customer claims. The decision does not represent any high-court conclusions on cryptocurrencies, outside of Coinbase being one of the associated parties. A lower court decision from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California denied Coinbase’s arbitration agreement approach. On appeal, the Ninth Circuit denied Coinbase’s motion to halt hearings while appeal is in progress. The Supreme Court’s decision in favor of Coinbase effectively stays any trial proceedings while appeal is in progress.

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Binance and Coinbase vs. the SEC - Litigation Finance Journal
by Gunnar Larson 18 Oct '24

18 Oct '24

Check out my recent article: https://litigationfinancejournal.com/binance-and-coinbase-vs-the-sec/ On June 5, 2023, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) sued the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, Binance, for allegedly misleading investors and regulators while operating an unregistered exchange. One day later, the SEC sued the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the United States, Coinbase, for similar allegations. Now, litigation financiers around the globe look on as top law firms organize to defend Binance and Coinbase against the SEC. Bloomberg Law reports that Binance and Coinbase have tapped some of the United States’ top law firms to defend their future to exchange nearly $120B in cryptocurrency token assets. The SEC claims that most of these tokens sum up to unregistered securities. Binance and Coinbase deny any wrongdoing. Agencies such as Lipton, Rosen & Katz, Milbank, Latham & Watkins, Wilmer Hale and Sullivan & Cromwell are among those said to bank upwards of $50M – $100M in legal fees for Binance’s and Coinbase’s defense against the SEC’s recent actions. Sullivan & Cromwell is reported to have billed over $80M in fees associated with the FTX Chapter 11 bankruptcy litigation, according to court documents. The SEC says that unregistered securities in the form of cryptocurrency violate US investor protection laws. Yet, former SEC leaders have joined Binance’s defense team. Richard Grime (of Gibson Dunn & Crutcher) has been hired by Binance. Mr. Grime formerly served as assistant director of the SEC’s enforcement division. William McLucas (of Wilmer Culter Pickering Hale and Dorr) formerly served as the SEC’s enforcement director. Mr. McLucus has been hired by BAM Trading Services, the operator of Binance.US. What does all of this mean for the litigation finance industry? Experts suggest that private actions could be explored by litigation investors and their clients in the wake of the SEC’s approach to cryptocurrency tokens being exchanged as unregistered securities. However, collectability remains a pertinent issue for litigation investors, as they consider whether to pursue crypto litigation funding.

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Pending US Supreme Court Decision is a Coinbase Class Action Cliffhange - Litigation Finance Journal
by Gunnar Larson 18 Oct '24

18 Oct '24

Check out my new article: https://litigationfinancejournal.com/pending-us-supreme-court-decision-is-a… Coinbase’s business has been seminal to the legacy of cryptocurrency innovation. As the global digital asset marketplace continues to mature, Coinbase is tiptoeing between a group of class action lawsuits. Now, the United States Supreme Court is deliberating if Coinbase should be protected by mandatory arbitration. Benzinga reports that in March 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court appeared uncertain regarding whether to allow Coinbase to move to arbitration over class actions which had been launched against the firm. Executives at Coinbase argued that private arbitration is a win for business. The June decision by the Supreme Court will spell a new dynamic for cryptocurrency sector litigation. Some digital asset scholars predict that a lack of mandatory arbitration may devastate business dynamics at Coinbase. Allowing class action lawsuits to continue is an expensive proposition that would inevitably impact the pace of cross-border crypto innovation. Meanwhile, U.S. and global regulatory uncertainty is stoking new legislation that could fuel litigation well into the future. The efficient nature of digital asset technology is at a crossroads. The Coinbase decision, commingled with upcoming regulatory requirements worldwide, will shape business dynamics for enterprise crypto software and the entrepreneurs behind future sector innovation.

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trying to consolidate device repair information
by Undescribed Horrific Abuse, One Victim & Survivor of Many 12 Oct '24

12 Oct '24

>From f22c7fb86c5b34ee445c1774f282a602ebf371d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: John Doe <johndoe(a)example.com> Date: Sun, 19 May 2024 12:45:49 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] initial commit --- mediatek.txt | 199 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 199 insertions(+) create mode 100644 mediatek.txt diff --git a/mediatek.txt b/mediatek.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cb9129 --- /dev/null +++ b/mediatek.txt @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +# Identifying an Android Phone Chipset + - Search online, but note the device could be a fake or clone + - Use the Hardware Info or CPU-Z Android App + - Try proprietary general flashing systems that can identify any chipset + - Try free chipset-specific flashing programs and see which ones accept the device + +## Flashing Tools +### Windows Drivers + +Note that on Windows you may need specific up-to-date drivers to access the embedded chipset. + +### General-Purpose Proprietary Flashing Boxes and Dongles + +Commercial repair shops license commercial flashing tools. +These originally come with a hardware dongle for DRM protection. The software can be found online. +Hovatek links to https://journal.hovatek.com/you-might-have-to-buy-a-box-dongle-heres-why/ + +Partial List: Infinity CM2, Miracle box, Miracle Thunder, EFT dongle, +NCK Pro box, UMT dongle, Medusa Pro box, XTC 2 Clip, BST dongle, IP +box, Octopus box, Sigma box, Riff box, Octoplus Pro box + +### Chipset Manufacturer's Flashing Tool + +Each chipset manufacturer generally has a suite of flashing tools used to originally program the phones. +These generally flash chipset-specific scatter formats with partition maps. +- Mediatek: SP Flash Tool. Note this is available for Linux. + +### Open Source Tools + +Each chipset reverse engineering community has at least one open source flashing tool. +Unlike the chipset manufacturer's flashing tools, these tools may include the use of exploits for software access to devices that are bricked or locked. +They generally flash raw image data provided via their interface, rather than a scatter file. +- Mediatek: mtkclient in python + +# MediaTek +- Easier than unisoc, harder than qualcomm + +## Identifying a MediaTek Android ROM Format + - update.zip / Tcard + - contains META-INF/ and scatter.txt + - flashed in stock recovery mode, NOT with a scatter flash tool + - .img / Scatter + - contains MT****_Android_scatter.img, .img files, .bin files + - flash with a proprietary MediaTek flashing tool such as SP Flash Tool, NCK, Infinity CM2, SP Multiport, ... + - Single .bin + - single raw file + - associated with GSM Aladdin, Miracle, Infinity CM2 + - TWRP backup + - contains .win/.win.md5 files, other recoveries might have .ext4.tar or .img + - flash with the recovery type they were made with + - Custom rom + - device specific + - flash with custom recovery like TWRP, Phiz, CWM + +## Common MediaTek Partitions & Associated Troubleshooting + - Secro /secro: baseband info. "Unknown Baseband" if corrupt. + - Preloader: initializes device, won't even charge if corrupt + - Nvram: radio info, imei, wifi, bluetooth mac addresses + - Boot /boot: kernel and ramdisk, won't boot to OS if corrupt + - System /system: OS and apps, stuck at logo if corrupt + - Lk or Uboot: kernel code, corrupt -> white,black,multicolored screen + - Logo: controls boot logo image + - Userdata /userdata: user apps, contacts, etc. userspace errors or lag if corrupt + +## MediaTek Boot Modes + +### BootROM +BROM mode is the initial hardware boot stage. +This usually hands off to the preloader, but the system can be configured to +boot straight to BROM, and this can be forced by grounding KPCOL0 or the EMMC +storage pins. This can be used to unbrick a device with a corrupt preloader. +If there is no preloader enabled, the bootrom will briefly connect a serial +device to the USB port to allow a flasher to interrupt boot and flash the +system. + +### Preloader +The preloader is the software bootloader which hands off to normal booting. +The code executed is in a flashable partition. +Before booting, like the BROM, the preloader will connect a serial device +to the USB port to communicate with a flasher. +Whether the phone is running the preloader or the bootrom can be identified +by the identity of the connected serial device. + +For the bootrom to accept a new preloader, an Authentication File is needed. + +MediaTek designs it such that the flashing tool uploads a signed Download +Agent to RAM, which the preloader verifies the signature of and then hands +off control to. This is called Secure Boot. + +If the Download Agent file is wrong, errors might include: +Boot Error! S_INVALID_DA_FILE, S_FT_DOWNLOAD_FAIL (2004), +S_BROM_DOWNLOAD_DA_FAIL, S_SECURITY_SECURE_USB_DL_DA_RETURN_INVALID_TY PE +(6104), MSP ERROR CODE: 0X00, S_AUTH_HANDLE_IS_NOT_READY (5000), +STATUS_SEC_AUTH_FILE_NEEDED (0xC0030012) and many more + +NEVER DESTROY THE PRELOADER AND SECURE BOOT DATA! You may need private keys +to recover. + +Community DA collection: https://forum.hovatek.com/forum-112.html + +Tecno, Infinix, and Itel / Transsion devices have tools that work without DA +files. + +### Recovery Mode +Recovery mode is for normal flashing. +1. Power off the device +2. Hold volume-up +3. Hold power while volume-up is held +4. Release both when boot logo appears +For some devices, steps 2 and 3 are reversed. + +### Factory Mode +Factory mode is for diagnostics, running tests, clearing the emmc, and resetting the touch calibration. +1. Power off the device +2. Hold volume-down +3. Hold power while volume-down is held +4. Release both when boot logo appears. +For some devices, steps 2 and 3 are reversed. + +### Safe mode +Safe mode disables installed apps, and is good for troubleshooting whether problems are associated with user apps. +1. Long-press power button like you intend to reboot +2. Long-press the reboot option in Android +3. A dialog prompts regarding safe mode. Selecgt OK +4. Allow the device to reboot +5. It should say "safe mode" in the lower left during operation + +## Dumping Firmware + +### Dumping firmware with SP Flash Tool +SP Flash Tool requires a provided download agent signed with a key the +device accepts. + - Use Wwr MTK to create a temporary scatter file. Go to auto mode, select chipset and memory type. More templates available at Hovatek forum. Click create and save as. + - Load SP Flash Tool, click to browse for download agent, select .bin file. + - Select the Wwr scatter file. + - Use the physical address and length information from the scatter file. + - Go to readback tab, click add, double-click the entry. EMMC_BOOT1, then PGPT. + - Initiate the transfer + - Remove the battery from the device, then connect it. + - The length of the full dump is stored in the PGPT. It's the same length as boot_1 is in the user region. + - WWR can load the preloader PGPT. Click "select file" in the upper right and open the preloader from emmc_boot_1. Then head to the table of sections tab, and load the PGPT to populate it. "Full volume of GPT" field shows entire size of data. Partition offsets and lengths are shown to perform partial dumps. + NOTE: can't the PGPT be changed? there are more direct approaches + - WWR can import larger regions of the dump, too, and identify other things about the device in the auto mode tab. It can then export firmware formats for other flashers to use. + Binary search option is useful. + +## Flashing Firmware + +Build number is everything! Settings -> About -> Build Number +Variants are two phones of the same model, with a slight difference, often indicated in changes to the build number. +You may or may not be able to interflash firmware across build variants or groups. +Sometimes variants do not change the build number. + +### Flashing firmware with SP Flash Tool + + +# links +- hovatek.com + phone repair support company with classes, articles, and a question answer service + - mediatek links from old phone repair class + - mtk vcom drivers: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9srKhKuVIMnalFkV3EzWjVXdUE/view + - adb & fastbot[ibid] drivers: https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=95855108297851314 + - Wwr_MTK: https://mega.nz/#!W8lwmC7b!98r6ttK9hATkZpW5vJ-JS7-qQ8Hp7PCRdRT2bGoYuGY + - Miracle box: https://mega.nz/#!6PZkxIJS!JVlJkweSsj77qUOHvQ977qkMD2E4eApRA6k9uUkUX7w + - NCK Pro box MTK: https://mega.nz/#!GP50wIoQ!kQxh9SsMJBQqKoh-q4Aks7FHARHWLyIVUBVzLCj-MaQ + - Infinity CM2: https://forum.hovatek.com/thread-21773.html + - SP flash tool: https://mega.nz/#!f11WEIrQ!KWFnNEe6GbFgcQtoZcYZ5zBKqrvqvSOLT3amnGU-Yso + - Software Download (transsion Aftersale) tool: https://mega.nz/#!ylFmlIAI!-lbOX0cAMKxGotE0vpedNQDw74cyZWU9BwSd6cYQsYk + - SP Multiport: https://mega.nz/#!y1N0FQLK!nLLLjWqX_FXrkIIBkMLt9EIGf3PN3aD_qwn0aHjMy3g + - SN Writer / Write tool: http://www.mediafire.com/file/94vbv8n3zpbcjlj/SN_Write_Tool_v2.1504.00.zip + - Maui Meta: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4S-Z726VJ2SZ0R1MHpDY3JISkU/view + - GSM Aladdin: https://mega.nz/#!Dk0WGJJL!LCR6ua1BDitYycE1sm-1SzvdwcvKxHie8hAjtd5Om2k + - Magisk Manager: https://bit.ly/2w2oQZz + - MTK TWRP Porter (GUI) v1.4: https://mega.nz/#!UTBFyS6Y!LrvJrJ7__HBn0_IDoFRnhwFe1Srv_jMCc1K5fm84YyA + - MTK TWRP Porter (GUI) v1.6: https://mega.nz/#!Ufxh0AIA!t6QvP3VWhrg0Lq39tcXrOwAJCUvuWtnUUN3PiFCiDBg + - MTK Philz porter (GUI): https://mega.nz/#!1HY03SLZ!al1OyLv_j_kSeLPFhn7K_OfRqe0sjpjHlP5V-iIbZR0 + - Z3X MST box: https://mega.nz/#!dT4j0RRb!iv4msg39ZbpiatKuImwQoo5wNO1HhtkugBOQ0cQGris + - CheckSum generator: https://mega.nz/#!pSZW3KYI!JYrOcMFkVYO_ZIYgTXkzTI9dwHbDhzZjhzv0TlvazF8 + - Blank vbmeta.img: https://mega.nz/#!dnAS3AhD!g5PnSg-0UKFvyhZSZ8Em6gKO2Do7avaUepPmsH75-Bg + - Mi Unlock tool: https://en.miui.com/unlock/download_en.html + - CDC driver: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4S-Z726VJ2Sc2hXaDhaRDFCb28/view + On 2024-02-07, I uploaded most of these to arweave with a download script that needs gnu parallel and jq. + Note, I was likely experiencing advanced compromise during this upload. + https://arweave.net/lLbBWwRthEAn-LFHSaAOUq29cZUJV7d_TlofzKPW8oQ/hovatek-mtk… + "If https://arweave.net is blocked, change the GW variable in the script." + +# notes may be found in +- [x] morning spam + starting tue feb 6 2024 searching keywords 'mediatek' and 'hpp-l55b' so far found only logs and a link to hovatek.com +- [ ] non-canon spinoffs + phone repair course starting 2024-02-07 + i'm up to '05-32 How to get the build number of a bricked MTK device' + adding the infomration to the Flashing section above +- newae technology, embedded security article +- 'trying to take control of my free government phone' log +- trying to make unihertz titan boot +- information on unihertz titan +- the trials of mediating algorithms +- uhhh should i understand the exploits my new phone + -- 2.43.0

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Four Highlights to REPORT OF INVESTIGATION INTO ALLEGATIONS OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT BY GOVERNOR ANDREW M. CUOMO STATE OF NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL LETITIA JAMES
by Gunnar Larson 04 Oct '24

04 Oct '24

Today Gunnar got out of bed and realized he has to stage a Pershing Square type of success out of the Middle East: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=49778. AG James, once human rights start paying for themselves, everything changes. What was happening in Chelsa during this investigation is being hid from New Yorkers just like the Steele Dossier but WORSE. Gunnar Donald Arthur Peter Larson must keep his integrity Mr. Mayor Adams. And my situation is far more impactful than sneaking into first class... AG James, can you please confirm that the current Superintendent is not up to worse to the four highlights here? Gunnar ---- Four Highlights to REPORT OF INVESTIGATION INTO ALLEGATIONS OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT BY GOVERNOR ANDREW M. CUOMO STATE OF NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL LETITIA JAMES: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZCy-8lHFc0AAihuWP8UpXg0LC4CkLnw_/view?usp=… EXECUTIVE SUMMARY We, the investigators appointed to conduct an investigation into allegations of sexual harassment by Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, conclude that the Governor engaged in conduct constituting sexual harassment under federal and New York State law. Specifically, we find that the Governor sexually harassed a number of current and former New York State employees by, among other things, engaging in unwelcome and nonconsensual touching, as well as making numerous offensive comments of a suggestive and sexual nature that created a hostile work environment for women. Our investigation revealed that the Governor’s sexually harassing behavior was not limited to members of his own staff, but extended to other State employees, including a State Trooper on his protective detail and members of the public. We also conclude that the Executive Chamber’s culture—one filled with fear and intimidation, while at the same time normalizing the Governor’s frequent flirtations and gender-based comments—contributed to the conditions that allowed the sexual harassment to occur and persist. That culture also influenced the improper and inadequate ways in which the Executive Chamber has responded to allegations of harassment.1 ---- Executive Assistant #1’s Hesitation to Report Governor Cuomo’s Conduct Executive Assistant #1 repeatedly testified that she felt she had to tolerate the Governor’s physical advances and suggestive comments because she feared the repercussions if she did not.183 She did not feel she could tell anyone, including her colleagues and her direct supervisors.184 In addition, the Governor had specifically told her—with respect to the selfie they took together—that she was not to share it or tell anyone about it other than Ms. McGrath.185 Executive Assistant #1 testified that she needed the income (including the overtime pay received from working on weekends), particularly as she was going through a divorce and was focused on not risking losing her job.186 Executive Assistant #1’s hesitance to report the Governor’s conduct was also informed by her observation of the Executive Chamber’s reactions to other women’s allegations against the Governor. In mid-to-late December 2020, Executive Assistant #1 personally witnessed what she felt were the Executive Chamber’s efforts to discredit the allegations of Ms. Boylan against the Governor, including by repeatedly describing Ms. Boylan as “crazy” and by trying to get Ms. Boylan’s personnel files to the press.187 Executive Assistant #1 recalled that Ms. DeRosa, Richard Azzopardi (the Senior Deputy Communications Director and Senior Advisor to the Governor at the time), and at times Linda Lacewell (the Superintendent of the Department of Financial Services) would be in Ms. DeRosa’s office during that period.188 They described Ms. Boylan as crazy and having a political agenda, and talk about shutting down Ms. Boylan’s allegations quickly.189 On or around December 13, 2020,190 while Executive Assistant #1 was assisting the Governor at the Capitol, she observed that Mr. Azzopardi was asked to retrieve a box from Beth Garvey, Senior Counsel and Senior Advisor to the Governor at the time, which Executive Assistant #1 helped carry from the Counsel’s Office to the Front Office in the Capitol.191 From the context of the discussions happening around that time, Executive Assistant #1 understood that the box contained documents relating to Ms. Boylan.192

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Linda A. Lacewell
by Gunnar Larson 04 Oct '24

04 Oct '24

Subject: Linda A. Lacewell https://new.mta.info/people/linda-lacewell Recommended by: Governor Appointed on: June 20, 2019 Term expired: January 1, 2023 Committee assignments: B&T (Chair), NYCT-MTA Bus, Finance, Corporate Governance, Diversity Linda A. Lacewell currently serves as Superintendent of the New York State Department of Financial Services. Lacewell previously served as Chief of Staff and Counselor to the Governor. In that role, she oversaw Executive Chamber operations, as well as ethics and law enforcement matters. Before that, Lacewell was Executive Director of a cancer foundation initiative in Culver City, California. Lacewell also served as Chief Risk Officer and Counselor to Gov. Cuomo, where she built and implemented the first statewide system for ethics, risk, and compliance in agencies and authorities. Lacewell was formerly Special Counsel to the Governor, as well as the architect of OpenNY, a state-of-the-art open data initiative. She also served as special counsel to Attorney General Cuomo, where she oversaw the public pension fund pay-to-play investigation and the out-of-network health insurance investigation, both of which led to nationwide systemic reform. Lacewell spent nine years as an assistant U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of New York, including two years on the Enron Task Force, and received the Henry L. Stimson Medal and the Attorney General's Award for Exceptional Service. Lacewell earned her B.A. from New College of the University of South Florida and her J.D. with honors from the University of Miami School of Law. She clerked for a United States District Judge for the Southern District of Florida. Lacewell serves as an adjunct professor at New York University School of Law, teaching ethics in government, and previously served as an adjunct professor of law at Fordham University School of Law, teaching international criminal law.

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The Entrapment Controversy
by Gunnar Larson 01 Oct '24

01 Oct '24

Author: Roger C. Park Title: The Entrapment Controversy Source: Minnesota Law Review Citation: 60 Minn. L. Rev. 163 (1976). 212 Highlights by Brody Larson: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rhPWgd_OniZVLeJIlieDBx5VNC2chenn/view?usp=…

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Entrapment
by Gunnar Larson 01 Oct '24

01 Oct '24

Hello: I have been under entrapment most of the day. The agents have been rude and I have asked them multiple times to operate under proper decorum. Gunnar Larson

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Sonic Weapons Affect St. Bernard
by Gunnar Larson 29 Sep '24

29 Sep '24

Brody, the most wonderful St. Bernard on the Planet running around with Havana Syndrome: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana_syndrome Honestly, I really respect this technology. It is super cool. I just do not think they thought it would affect a big, beautiful boy like Brody.

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Havana Syndrome, Sonic Weapons - INTERNATIONAL LEGAL INNOVATION
by Gunnar Larson 29 Sep '24

29 Sep '24

Cognitive liberty is not currently recognized as a human right by any international human rights treaty.[11] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_liberty#cite_note-Bublitz_and_Mer…> While freedom of thought <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_thought> is recognized by Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights> (UDHR), freedom of thought can be distinguished from cognitive liberty in that the former is concerned with protecting an individual's freedom to think *whatever* they want, whereas cognitive liberty is concerned with protecting an individual's freedom to think *however* they want.[29] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_liberty#cite_note-29> Cognitive liberty seeks to protect an individual's right to determine their own state of mind and be free from external control over their state of mind, rather than just protecting the content of an individuals’ thoughts.[30] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_liberty#cite_note-Boire,_Part_II-…> It has been suggested that the lack of protection of cognitive liberty in previous human rights instruments was due to the relative lack of technology capable of directly interfering with mental autonomy at the time the core human rights treaties were created.[21] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_liberty#cite_note-Boire,_Part_I-21> Havana Syndrome bred by Sonic Weapon technology more or less is lazyly playing in regulatory arbitrage loopholes related to cognitive liberty. Recently, we went to the SEC for guidance on consolidation of an ILO (Intiatal Legal Offering). As we await engagement with the SEC on the ILO prospect, ILO’s resemble Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), but rather than raising money for a new coin, app, or service, they’re used to fund specific litigation. Think micro-investing for lawsuits. In an ILO, investors receive tokens entitling them to shares of potential recoveries, an economic right converted to a digital asset. If cases fail, they lose their investments. We are exploring an ILO at the international level (International Criminal Court <https://www.icc-cpi.int/>, International Court of Justice <https://www.icj-cij.org/en>), to solidify the right of Cognitive Liberty. Likely, the broader public will overwhelmly support their individual right to free thinking and systems and processes associated with thinking freely. The New York City Police Department (NYPD) is a pioneer in engaging sonic weapon technology <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic_weapon>, An NYPD officer stands ready with the LRAD 500X at an Occupy Wall Street protest on November 17, 2011 near the city hall. The NYPD conducts experiments and other cutting edge innovation strategies as being America's Best Urban Police Force. It should be considered that the NYPD properly file logs of such technology engagement (aka ... what, when, where, why, how) as xNY.io strives to liberate the semantics related to cognitive thinking liberty. Moreover, while the NYPD pioneers new crowd control technology, other private firms have abused the technology for their own selfish agendas. Keeping all this in mind, one of xNY.io's active engagements is closing the semantic loophole related to cognitive liberty. The SEC likely will provide associated guidance in the coming 2022 year. Happy New Year World! Thank you, Gunnar -- *Gunnar Larson - xNY.io <http://www.xNY.io> | Bank.org <http://Bank.org>* MSc <https://www.unic.ac.cy/blockchain/msc-digital-currency/?utm_source=Google&u…> - Digital Currency MBA <https://www.unic.ac.cy/business-administration-entrepreneurship-and-innovat…> - Entrepreneurship and Innovation (ip) G(a)xNY.io +1-646-454-9107 New York, New York 10001

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