August 2023 - cypherpunks - lists.cpunks.org

[ot][ot][ot][personal] whirligig small thoughts
by Undescribed Horrific Abuse, One Victim & Survivor of Many 05 Aug '23

05 Aug '23

> instructions for building a novel whirligig that calculates spherical > roots of imaginary numbers using the tumbling action of pebbles > Quoted Text: - what is a spherical root a spherical root is the number that is the radius of a sphere with the given volume. - how do you calculate anything with tumbling pebbles um i guess basically the pebbles either process information by how and/or where they tumble, or they pass over something to generate power to do so elsewise NOTE: could make lentils

1 44

Globalized crypto dole or UBI as the killer-app
by pro2rat＠yahoo.com.au 04 Aug '23

04 Aug '23

My own humble contribution follows. Some of youse may have heard this already. Act accordingly. A billion node network with each of node serving an exactly divisible 512 members. This network is set to halve regularly as technology improves. This network accepts anyone that can digitally sign a release saying they accept APster risk before receiving filthy lucre. So, apart from that its free and always will be! Yeah, No, really. Each node has a vested interest in keeping members money flowing. 5k per person per annum to start and float in line with global GDP. No node will ever want to become a bad cluster since income is sure to rise barring unprecedented world catastrophe. Nodes may also be as fascist as they think they can get away with. No more whining about woke. Five billion poor spending more sounds cornocopium but I hear you say, where's the money coming from? I reply, from the Mikhail Bakunin estate tax at first, closely followed by the Emma Goldman luxury goods and services tax. Also a rise in global GDP is guaranteed. Even clinically depressed hoarders might want to contribute. ID management is devolved. People may choose between strict and slack nodes. No biometrics is required. Just a certain initial investment to get the ball rolling. This proposal subverts sacred cows like the social security Ponzi and Defence protection racket aspect of govts. Eventually enough to collapse all govts - a long held cryptoanarchist tenet. Hopefully well before Cypherpunk 2027. Another blockchain with homomorphic and zero knowledge proofs is possible! The greatest contradiction now is between the " what is " and the " what could be " So the pressures on. I say - We do things like this for the greater good or we do nothing. And welcome to the revolution.

1 0

Apartheid considered harmful
by pro2rat＠yahoo.com.au 04 Aug '23

04 Aug '23

Among other things Apartheid embodied a dystopian dossier-society. Making the generalised distaste for biometrics among c-punks more pertinent is the rise of the Turing tested alt-humans. Those who don't know any history risk repeating it. Spreading blockchain with ZKProof feature and encouraging crypto UBI are laudible and defensible. Many punks might also cheer on the added bonus of ticked-off govts! Rebooting the infamous and unholy Apartheid regime is a horse of a different colour. Which is a sensible reason to oppose biometric IDs imho. Now will all the bogus anarchists from the lunar-right just kindly go fuck yourselves? You first, Vitalik.

1 0

CRYPTO FREEDOM LAB praise EU and Kenyan govts while lying about cypherpunks
by pro2rat＠yahoo.com.au 04 Aug '23

04 Aug '23

Scalia lawschool pissant mansplains fake cypherpunk FUD for shits and giggles https://cointelegraph.com/news/worldcoin-sam-altman-scan-your-eyeballs-wld Antonin Scalia a nasty reminder, " there's none of this women-and-children first stuff with the Italians" ( Churchill ) " . . . Many aspects of the project embody the dystopian nightmare that the cypherpunks created Bitcoin BTC and other cryptocurrencies in order to avoid. . . . " Tim May and Jim Bell expressed concerns about the public facing aspect of Btc. And May openly worried about the Dossier Society as late as 2018. Before this Orb idea. Fail. Fail again - fail better. Should anyone be foolish enough to trust Mercatus https://theworld.com/~mhuben/mason.html

1 0

A Galactic Internet
by pro2rat＠yahoo.com.au 03 Aug '23

03 Aug '23

Using Morse, the original telegraph has been called the " Victorian Internet". Here is my modest proposal for a Universal Netspace. The idea of using a shadow's ability to travel faster than light is intriguing, but it's important to note that such a phenomenon contradicts our current understanding of physics. As of my last update in September 2021, there has been no scientific evidence or theory supporting the existence of faster-than-light travel for shadows or any other objects. However, if such a discovery were to happen, using a star as a signaling device and broadcasting Morse code with it could be a fascinating concept to explore. It would require extensive research and consideration of the practical challenges, but it might open up new possibilities for interstellar communication. Nonetheless, until such a discovery occurs, this remains purely speculative. ( C3 PO ) Everyone ‘knows’ that nothing can go faster than light. It’s one piece of elite physics that’s soaked into our cultural DNA. And it is quite literally true: nothing can go faster than light. In terms of light, nothing is a shadow – for a shadow, by definition, is the absence of light. And shadows can go faster than light. Your brain is possibly already objecting to this claim, so deeply ingrained is the idea of light-speed’s limitation – but read on, because the physics of relativity allows this to happen. https://margaretwertheim.substack.com/p/nothing-can-go-faster-than-light?ut… Reposts not Gunnar dribble dragged and dropped here from Bloombergs diseased crypt.

1 0

Re: Appeal of FOIL# FOIL-2023-095456-020295
by Gunnar Larson 03 Aug '23

03 Aug '23

Ms. Lewis: Thank you very much. Gunnar Gunnar Larson xNY.io - Bank.org 917-580-8053 On Thu, Aug 3, 2023, 10:52 AM Lewis, Dora (DFS) <Dora.Lewis(a)dfs.ny.gov> wrote: > This is in regards to your email below: > > > > Dear Mr. Bogdan: > > > > Thank you for your email. > > > > We would like to kindly appeal your decision on our earnest request to > access Paxos' USDP records. > > > > Kind regards, > > > > Gunnar > > > > *From:* Gunnar Larson <g(a)xny.io> > *Sent:* Thursday, August 3, 2023 10:19 AM > *To:* Lewis, Dora (DFS) <Dora.Lewis(a)dfs.ny.gov> > *Cc:* cypherpunks(a)cpunks.org > *Subject:* Re: Appeal of FOIL# FOIL-2023-095456-020295 > > > > You don't often get email from g(a)xny.io. Learn why this is important > <https://aka.ms/LearnAboutSenderIdentification> > > *ATTENTION: This email came from an external source. Do not open > attachments or click on links from unknown senders or unexpected emails.* > > > > Ms. Lewis: > > > > Thank you for your email. > > > > Can you confirm this is for records concerning Paxos' USDP? > > > > Gunnar > > > > Gunnar Larson > > xNY.io - Bank.org > > 917-580-8053 > > > > On Thu, Aug 3, 2023, 9:53 AM <Dora.Lewis(a)dfs.ny.gov> wrote: > > > > Dear Gunnar Larson: > > The Department of Financial Services (DFS) acknowledges receipt of your > appeal of the above referenced FOIL request, and expects to respond in > writing within ten business days of receipt of your appeal. > > Very truly yours, > Dora Lewis > New York State Department of Financial Services > Office of General Counsel > > > > Tracking Number:FOIL-2023-095456-020295 > >

1 0

Re: Appeal of FOIL# FOIL-2023-095456-020295
by Gunnar Larson 03 Aug '23

03 Aug '23

Ms. Lewis: Thank you for your email. Can you confirm this is for records concerning Paxos' USDP? Gunnar Gunnar Larson xNY.io - Bank.org 917-580-8053 On Thu, Aug 3, 2023, 9:53 AM <Dora.Lewis(a)dfs.ny.gov> wrote: > > > Dear Gunnar Larson: > > The Department of Financial Services (DFS) acknowledges receipt of your > appeal of the above referenced FOIL request, and expects to respond in > writing within ten business days of receipt of your appeal. > > Very truly yours, > Dora Lewis > New York State Department of Financial Services > Office of General Counsel > > > > Tracking Number:FOIL-2023-095456-020295 >

1 0

Hong Kong Crypto Gets Green Light - Brave New Coin
by Gunnar Larson 03 Aug '23

03 Aug '23

https://bravenewcoin.com/insights/hong-kong-crypto-update Hong Kong Crypto Gets Green Light Aditya Das 31 Jul 2023, 03:00 UTC Ethereum NewsBitcoin NewsCrypto ExchangeCryptocurrency News A crystal clear regulatory framework now gives Hong Kong crypto exchanges the green light to offer their products to retail investors. This shift has caught the attention of market observers because of the size of the Hong Kong market. Is Hong Kong the new crypto hub? On Thursday, the 1st of June, a much anticipated digital asset regulatory regime came into effect in the Hong Kong SAR. To appreciate how fast things have moved in the SAR, the new trading rules and licensing guidelines were only finalized the week before the rules went live, and just eight months after the proposed changes were announced in October 2022. The new exchange regime for crypto in Hong Kong will represent one of the clearest, most black-and-white structures ever for centralized cryptocurrency exchanges to operate and offer their products to retail investors. This rapid and dramatic shift has caught the attention of market observers because of the size of the Hong Kong financial market. The Hong Kong public equity market is the 7th largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization and beats out the national stock markets of India and the UK. Hong Kong has been a global financial center for decades. It has utilized a low tax regime and incredible local human capital, to become a de-facto hub between China and the West. Hong Kong is the historical center of ‘East meets West’ business and financial activity. What the new Hong Kong crypto laws mean The legislation that came into play on June 1st is a licensing regime for virtual asset trading platforms (“VATPs”). Platforms that apply to be a part of the regime will be regulated by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (“SFC”). The SFC has begun to offer guidance to potential VATPs. The SFC’s ‘Consultation Conclusions on the Proposed Regulatory Requirements for Virtual Asset Trading Platform Operators Licensed by the Securities and Futures Commission’ was also released on June 1st. It contains some practical takeaways and guidance for hopeful VATPs to try to follow when applying for a license with the SFC. A license will allow successful applicants to offer virtual assets (that are considered securities by the SFC) to retail customers. The consultation is a guideline document for potential Virtual Asset Trading Platform Operators applying for a license with the SFC. Key aspects of the consultation — Platform Operators will only be allowed to provide their services to retail investors if they comply with a range of robust investor protections that cover onboarding, governance, disclosures, token due diligence, and admissions. The SFC says these requirements will broadly be in line with the requirements applied to traditional licensed corporations. The SFC notes that it is important for clients of the platform to understand the features and risks of investing in virtual assets. During the onboarding process the SFC says platforms will have to assess an investor’s risk tolerance, conducting an holistic assessment of the investor’s understanding of the nature and risks of virtual assets amongst other assessments. This type of onboarding will apply to both retail and institutional investors. Operators will be required to set up robust governance procedures that may include setting up a token admission and review committee that consists of senior management who are principally responsible for managing the key business line, compliance, risk management, and information technology functions. The tokens must also be incorporated in at least two cryptocurrency indexes from prominent institutions, one with a background in traditional finance. Disclosing information surrounding listed Virtual Assets. The SFC notes that while it understands the potential challenges of obtaining and verifying information provided by the issuer of a digital asset, it will still expect a Platform Operator to conduct due diligence on each virtual asset prior to admission for trading. As such, Platform Operators will still be expected to obtain information for each listed digital asset, reliable and sufficient enough, to base a token admission decision on. This information will need to be disclosed to the SFC. Custodian insurance for platforms. Platforms are required to have in place insurance/compensation, approved by the SFC, to cover the risks tied to being custodians of digital assets. An example of how compensation can be set-up is in the form of bank guarantees, along with funds held in the form of demand deposits or fixed deposits with a maturity of six months or less. The SFC has stated that 98% of client’s assets need to be held in cold storage. The consultation document states clearly that platforms must not engage in proprietary trading activities of virtual assets from their own accounts or any account connected to the platform. There is also a stated ban on VATPs offering any kind of virtual asset derivatives style product. This may include offering, trading, or dealing in virtual asset future contracts or related derivatives. The trading of stablecoins is also banned for VATPs. The consultation explains that stablecoins fall under the jurisdiction of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (“HKMA”). The HKMA is expected to launch a more robust framework around stablecoins in sometime in the next 12 months. The consultation has also stated that firms applying for VATP licenses with the SFC should as a matter of prudence, apply for approvals under both the existing SFC licensing regime and the AMLO licensing regime. AMLO is the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Ordinance (AMLO). It is designed to bring exchanges that offer crypto-assets that do not qualify as “securities” within the regulatory oversight of the SFC (VATP regime). The SFC states that both licenses should be applied in the instance that some asset listed by a VATP may change to become a non-security and would therefore be regulated under AMLO. Why Hong Kong is Embracing Digital Assets It has been reported that the new ‘crypto for retail’ framework by Hong Kong is part of a wider initiative to help the city reclaim its position as a leading, cutting-edge financial hub. Some of this sheen has been lost because of the city's extended isolation during COVID-19 and a period of social/political unrest before this. Hong Kong has had crypto regulatory regimes before this latest initiative. There was previously a voluntary license program in Hong Kong run by the SFC but there were only two applicants— OSL and the Hashkey Group. Providers were permitted to offer crypto trading services solely to professional investors with portfolios of at least HK$8 million ($1 million). Notable crypto exchanges Crypto.com and FTX were also founded in Hong Kong but both shifted their base away from the country and were not part of any local licensing regime. Paul Chan, the Financial Secretary of Hong Kong, has championed digital assets and Web3 in the past. Speaking in January he said “Hong Kong has become a quality standing point for digital asset corporates,” and continued that the city has a robust regulatory framework that matches international standards. He added that it also prohibits free riders and described virtual assets as “unstoppable new financial innovations” and implored that there is a need for Hong Kong to embrace them. Hong Kong Crypto Licensing Not Without Issues Likely the biggest issue tied to the new SFC licensing regime for digital assets is its ambiguity. While it seems clear that the trading of what can be understood as larger crypto assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum will fall under the jurisdiction of the SFC, there is no mention of DeFi, NFTs, and many other key components of the wider digital asset sector. They appear to fall outside what is regulated — so is it to be assumed that these aspects of crypto are illegal in Hong Kong? Digital asset derivatives are stated to be outside the scope of the SFC, does this mean that they are also illegal? Digital asset firms in Hong Kong need to determine if the products they offer constitute securities. If they do, then they may need to apply for a license with the SFC. This will be challenging for firms that operate in gray areas offering services related to staking, NFTs, or play-to-earn blockchain products. Companies based in Hong Kong offering these types of services are still operating in uncertain territory - and will likely have one eye looking over their shoulder expecting one of Hong Kong's numerous financial watchdogs to come down on them. The regime shift nonetheless sparks an opportunity to be a part of one of the most exciting jurisdictional crypto projects in recent times. The SFC license program is designed to attract fresh capital and talent to Hong Kong. It will likely do this. The opportunity to offer digital asset products to Hong Kong’s immense retail investor base is immense and it is no surprise that major international crypto firms including Huobi, OKX, and Amber Group have said they intend to pursue licenses with the SFC. International crypto exchange BTSE announced in March that it would seek to apply for a license with the SFC to operate within its planned Virtual Asset License regime. This interest comes despite the SFC licensing regime including numerous requirements which may put off some potential applicants. It has been reported that companies are wary of the potential costs tied to gaining an SFC license. Information gathering, reporting obligations and KYC/AML infrastructure will need to be set up to obtain an SFC license. This will take investment, time, care, and skill. Hong Kong, however, may be ahead of the curve. Frameworks like the SFC’s are being implemented, or at least discussed, in major financial hubs including the US and the EU. Thus companies that meet the requirements of the SFC license will likely be well placed to expand and receive licenses in other regions. They will also be more appealing to investors and traders because of assurances that they have to meet high standards of security and transparency. In comments shared with Brave New Coin, Joey Garcia, Director and Head of Public Affairs, Policy, and Regulation at Xapo Bank notes further challenges with the HKSFC framework. Garcia is a pioneer in the regulation of virtual currency and distributed ledger technology (DLT). He co-chaired the Gibraltar government’s working group on blockchain for three years, which was established to develop the infrastructure to accommodate a DLT regulatory framework. He notes that while there has been a lot of publications advertising how 'retail investors' will now be permitted access to a regulated HK platform. What is less reported is that the retail investor will still be subject to 'suitability' requirements. These requirements may include asset training, work experience related to virtual assets, or prior trading experience. Garcia also notes aspects of the framework that may need adjusting. He tells Brave New Coin “the SFC will not permit 3rd party custodians anywhere in the world, as they will require a direct regulatory handle over the custodians. I see this as quite a negative as there have been years of developments from the most secure custodian providers to arrive at the very tried and tested position of security offered by those platforms.” Specialist custodians will have to register in Hong Kong in order to provide their services which will likely be unappealing. Therefore, regulated platforms will have to develop their own systems and infrastructure. The China question On the 1st of July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as HK SAR. Chinese national law does not generally apply in the region, and Hong Kong is treated as a separate jurisdiction. It is allowed to have its own laws and legal system under the Basic Law, which came into force at the time of the Handover in 1997. The Basic Law was designed as the SAR’s Constitution, both to maintain a high degree of continuity from the common law regime inherited from the UK, and to enable Hong Kong to operate under the “One Country, Two Systems” model with a considerable level of autonomy. As such Hong Kong can continue to be open and encouraging toward digital assets, despite the outright ban on anything related to the industry in mainland China. There are, however, systems in place like the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HK SAR, that are designed to ensure that Hong Kong remains subordinate to China. While on paper Hong Kong has jurisdictional independence from China, there have been times in the past when Chinese courts and national laws have trumped those local to Hong Kong. This potential roadblock to the emergence of the new ‘crypto for retail’ regime has been raised in Hong Kong. Regulators in the city have pushed against this assumption stating that the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ model is still valid and Hong Kong is allowed to have its own financial regulations. This confidence from Hong Kong regulators has been seen as a sign that, behind closed doors, China is comfortable with Hong Kong’s open-for-business attitude with regard to its own digital assets policy. There have been rumors circulating that Chinese officials have even been seen at local Hong Kong crypto meetups and have been positive about the space. The word ‘testing ground’ for Hong Kong has been thrown around. Will China embrace crypto if Hong Kong’s plan for a regulated digital asset registry shows signs of success? Time will tell. In the early years of Bitcoin, Chinese investors and traders were early adopters of Bitcoin and Chinese mining pools quickly became some of the largest in the world. The availability of cheap electricity and hardware made China an attractive location for Bitcoin mining operations, and the country became a hub for Bitcoin mining activity. This naturally led to the development of several major exchanges in the country including Okex (OKX) and Huobi. Chinese trading hours and trading activity believed to have originated from China, drove the price activity of BTC. BTC became popular for wealthy Chinese to escape the country’s strict capital controls. This, amongst many other factors, led to the outright banning of anything crypto-related in China. Hong Kong continues to plow forward with its compliant crypto mission. In a press release shared with Brave New Coin, the HashKey group announced that it had just partnered with Quam Securities and Longbridge Whale to complete the first virtual asset online trade for securities firms in Hong Kong. Livio Weng, COO of HashKey Group, said: "HashKey Group has always prioritized the protection of customers' funds and assets and adhered to a regulatory-first policy.” The move signals that some digital asset entities in Hong Kong are willing to play ball with the city’s regulators. Conclusion The recent introduction of new digital asset regulatory measures by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) marks an important step forward in the city's efforts to provide a structured, secure, and sustainable environment for digital asset trading targeted at retail customers. These measures, which offer clear licensing guidelines and robust investor protections, align Hong Kong's approach to digital assets with its well-regulated traditional financial markets. Will investors be more confident in gaining access to a HK-regulated crypto market, or investing in that market? Xapo Bank’s Garcia thinks they will, in the context of knowing that there are not only “high standards being applied to it, but also serious standards for that platform including market misconduct and insider trading which are well reported in the crypto exchange environment.” There are also a number of unknowns tied to the framework. The potential influence of mainland China's crypto policies adds another layer of complexity to the issue. What is the legal status of digital asset derivatives, stablecoins, and Defi? Additionally, the high information requirements for retail users will create barriers to entry. As this landscape unfolds, Hong Kong's regulatory actions will undoubtedly shape not only its own digital asset markets but potentially, those of other major financial hubs around the globe. The city is taking an exciting step that continues its proud trend of being a financial markets innovator.

1 0

xNY.io CRYPTOBANK (Whitepaper)
by Gunnar Larson 03 Aug '23

03 Aug '23

I have been hearing some confusion around Coinbase and the xNY.io whitepaper. ... See NEXO.io, sister to Coinbase below. xNY.io CRYPTOBANK Table of Contents Introduction 2 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.qw9a2wl4q92s> Focus, Goals and Objective(s) 3 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.c0rh86mvw9ua> Strategic Intent 4 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.kuxwgdwni6p4> Innovation Strategy 5 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.7ueepdr7oduo> Pioneering Human Resources (HR) Management in Banking 6 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.c2qklq4en1vv> The Bitcoin Blockchain, Human/Civil Rights and Computer Crimes 7 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.e9qgh4ilxr33> Goldman Sachs’ Organization HR Management Analysis (MoneyGram and Ripple) 8 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.6rxby3kdxyer> www.JUMO.World and Banking Africa 9 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.i05ave1q4rbi> Earth_ID: Because Owning Your Identity is a Human Right 10 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.fsblwc7lwh45> CryptoBank Environmental Analysis 11 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.hilka03j6nc> The NEXO.io Conundrum 12 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.q9hwlwczdyhq> The Fireblocks Conundrum 13 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.tkx9xi4801g> Computer Software and the Blockchain Platform 14 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.49okvir8vwmq> Virtual Currency: Computer Software Protocols and Processes 15 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.u1gw0w9y52p> Bank.org: Revolutionary Approaches to Agile Innovation 16 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.2aa81ldquwqy> Conclusion 17 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.wuzm4oh1p4gz> Bibliography 19 <https://docs.google.com/document#heading=h.1qq38owyyhee> Introduction Crypto and Blockchain are each a Human Right. For all, everywhere. 1. How does New York based bank fraud happen from the inside? People who commit crimes comprise departments and divisions of corporate organizations, and some current Human Resources (HR) management cultures lend well to the committing of crimes. 2. What organizational HR management design structures are at play to architectect such fraud for bespoke juristical instances? 3. Is there a unique opportunity for a fresh and clean New York-based international bank such as Bank.org? xNY.io argues that modern and innovative Executive Suites pioneer organizational HR management with the CEO and CFO leading the pack as the most ethical example for members in their organization. This key distinction calls for leaders to always adhere to a very strict, yet progressive, standard of ethics, even when it’s inconvenient. World renowned executive Jack McCullough suggests strict adherence is necessary, especially when it’s inconvenient. McCullough says that if you’re seen as a CEO and CFO “who will compromise when convenient, this approach will cause colleagues to consider all the talk about ethics to be lip service” (McCullough 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10934566&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. The leadership at xNY.io is clear-eyed, recognizing the importance of an extensive review program which seeks to explore all aspects of the following criteria as part of Legal, Compliance, and Governance (Bloomberg 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10935129&pre=&suf=&sa=0>, which is our internal due diligence framework based on first class industry standards and best practices (xNY.io | Bank.org n.d.) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10934818&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. In summary, this HR management innovation essay outlines and explores three key concerns for modern Bank and CryptoBank organizations. These concerns are signaled by our regulators who rightly suggest that it is critically important that the organizers identify, at the beginning of the process, an available management team and board of directors (NY-DFS 2008) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10935584&pre=&suf=&sa=0>: 1. The theory of modern virtual currency cross-border regulation logic (Larson 2020a) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10935777&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. 2. How to protect xNY.io’s strategic partnership with Bank.org and its mandate to pioneer innovation(s) and noble advancement of modern international banking? 3. Whereas, it is essential to safeguard virtual currency and its potential to galvanize international, economic and social advancement of all peoples (United Nations 1948) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10936242&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Most importantly, what organizational HR management structures are necessary to execute the proposed xNY.io and hybrid model framework, while engaging agile innovation to explore the potential of growing Bank.org into the World’s Best Bank and headquartered in New York (NY-DFS 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10936021&pre=&suf=&sa=0>? Focus, Goals and Objective(s) Why would a New York bank build organizational HR strategies with the sole purpose of taking advantage of the most vulnerable for exorbitant profit? xNY.io’s focus is to fill a need in clarifying New York’s virtual currency standards to achieve progressive innovation while constantly promoting respect for human rights and personal freedoms by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance across all global territories of business, protecting all peoples and all nations (United Nations 1948) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10936242&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Our simple strategy rests in the fact that virtual currency has cross-border utilities (European Commission 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951557&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Our real world experience has uncovered the strategy of a New York bank's misemployed Manhattan Island as a walled garden for bad HR management camps while wrongfully profiting off of the back of the most vulnerable across global markets (Law 360 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951562&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Our goal is to profit off the pivot from the textbook definition of marketplace manipulation, discussed herein related to the feasibility of automating stock market manipulation (Association for Computing Machinery 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10937107&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. The Supreme Court placed emphasis on the central role of deception to the concept of fraud.“ (T)he words ‘to defraud’ . . . primarily mean to cheat, . . . usually signify the deprivation of something of value by trick, deceit, chicane, or overreaching, and . . . do not extend to theft by violence, or to robbery or burglary.” (Hammerschmidt v. United States 1924) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10937278&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Bank.org feels confident in our knowledge and our direct dialogue with over 100 of the world’s leading scholars on the subject of international law: (Morris 2008) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10942187&pre=&suf=&sa=0> - The International Criminal Court investigates and punishes people for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes (Wikipedia 2021a) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10942253&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - The International Court of Justice, sometimes referred to as the World Court, has two major functions. Firstly, it settles disputes, which the member countries may bring before it. Secondly, it may give its opinions on legal matters (Wikipedia 2021b) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10942250&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. The objective of xNY.io’s research essay summarizes the discussion of New York bank organizations and the corresponding HR management architectures designed to target maximizing profits through conscious marketplace manipulation structures. The best xNY.io CryptoBank must be concerned with pioneering a business beyond leveraging computer crimes, a marketplace manipulation matter associated with current New York BitLicense architecture and subject to our attention related to cross-border/international organized groups that are cyber-based in New York (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 1989) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10942239&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Strategic Intent Imagine trying to open the best bank in the world and running up against BitLicense regulatory arbitrage (Poster 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959604&pre=&suf=&sa=0> just a few Manhattan blocks away. Composing a richly robust innovation strategy calls for a clear and honest appraisal of current marketplace conditions and identifying the firm’s current status. This requires xNY.io to not only be ambitious but also extremely articulate in outlining our strategic intent. We see our key competitive advantage in cleverley leveraging our vision cohesively with all available resources and modern ideals of Bank.org. Bank.org is aware that our uniqueness is very difficult for competitors to imitate. In her book Strategic Management for Technological Innovation, Mellissa Schilling suggests that the New York banking sector may be characterized as an oligopolistic industry in that there is a low degree of rivalry. Schilling explains that sometimes competitors choose to avoid head-to-head competition as a price collusion tactic (Schilling 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951587&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Being extremely clear and transparent, xNY.io's business models emphasize taking advantage of our competitors who have designed global regulatory abtrigatre frameworks at the expense of our customers (Buchak et al. 2017) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10956108&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Bank.org's stakeholder analysis highlights that many New York banks have ignored the ethical and moral implications of designing HR management structures with the sole purpose of training employees to act as footmen/footwomen in defrauding a global customer base. Furthermore, these bad actors revel in the naivety of potential rivals and government regulators as an operative procedure of HR management. Through an analysis of the best agile innovation strategy for execution, xNY.io and Bank.org have partnered to engage both backward vertical integration AND horizontal integration techniques (Tarver & James 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951616&pre=&suf=&sa=0>: - xNY.io is vertically integrating backwards by producing our own advanced blockchain technology for global payments. - Bank.org aims to actively engage leveraged buyouts of competitor banks, a practice that is considered horizontal integration (Kenton & James 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951605&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. >From the very beginning, xNY.io and Bank.org’s ethical and moral incentives have been strategically integrated into a modern and innovative hybrid infrastructure. Spanning key global functions including (but not limited to) reserve management, international legal counsel, and public and government affairs and relations, we consider ethics to be a quality management concern. Honestly, the implications of our strategic intent are derived from the morals of our founders who seek to efficiently secure the smooth function of our cross-border operations. Innovation Strategy We recognize our competitors see modern innovation as merely improving efficiency of obsolete legacy bank systems and processes to keep their operations afloat. It is extremely troublesome that many New York bank HR leaders’ modi operandi detail strategies of seeking new revenue channels that target the most vulnerable across first to third world markets (Ripple 2013a) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951672&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - As part of our ethical leadership agenda, articulating xNY.io’s strategic intent enables the firm to incorporate our innovation practice into Bank.org’s cross-border development and rollout. Capital investments are required as part of a multidimensional performance architecture, along with real-time systems and computational analyses. - Our honest deliberation and critical assessment of xNY.io’s strategic intent and development of new computational technologies brought to light the concern of competitors' engagement in computer crimes discussed in the following section. We recognize that true innovation goes beyond juvenile process efficiencies. Our innovation strategy constantly anticipates the future by recognizing where industry peers are failing today. This allows us to identify and execute products and services that are better - extremely better - than what the industry offers today. Schilling notes that successful and innovative firms question existing price performance assumptions. They attract customers by developing and introducing products that extend well beyond current market requirements and help mold the market’s expectations for the future (Schilling 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951587&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. This separates us from our competitors' desperate attempts to cut costs rather than ethically addressing and improving their HR operations with corresponding moral incentives. Pioneering Human Resources (HR) Management in Banking As international scholars (Mills 2006) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951797&pre=&suf=&sa=0>, our founders believe in the future of virtual currencies and blockchain platform computer software. This belief has been cultivated and nurtured by some of the most recognized pioneers of the global blockchain industry (Bourne et al. 2018) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951810&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. We consider virtual currency and blockchain technology to be precious, appreciating assets with various growing benefits over the course of one’s lifetime. Rolling Stone profiles the New York bank JP Morgan Chase and the bank’s HR management techniques, highlighting the conscious disregard of the ethical and moral standards from Chase’s Executive Suite knowingly excited the peddling of bad products stuffed with scratch-and-dent loans to investors without disclosing the obvious defects of the underlying loans (Taibbi 2014) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10961062&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Chase has repeated deal after deal with the same poor and fraudulent organizational HR management methodology, as did many other banks. Rolling Stone goes on to say, “It’s theft on a scale that blows the mind.” New York banks and Silicon Valley technology firms have a long history of not only challenging but actively attacking beliefs that virtual currency and blockchain are innovative tools for means of payment and stores of value, going so far as to launch an ever-popular campaign: “Bitcoin has no value at all” (Torpey 2018) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951846&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. It is safe to say that between New York and Silicon Valley, many organizations, through their various HR management structures, have made calculated efforts to kill the blockchain economy before it even got off the ground (Al-Naji et al. 2018) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951869&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - For example, New York, Europe and Africa are connected by a freeway of cross-border arbitrage frameworks. Due to easily exploitable laws in developing countries, some BitLicensees’ operations straddle New York, Europe and Africa to evade detection and prosecution from law enforcement. - Through various HR management structures, New York banks have consciously exacerbated regulatory loopholes resulting in virtual currency market manipulation affecting international computer technology systems and software such as the Bitcoin blockchain (Conway 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951897&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - Speaking generally, at least during the Bitlicense’s 2015-2020 implementation phase, New York banks likely leveraged the BitLicense seeking to increase profits from cross-border virtual currency market manipulation (Pettinger 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10960704&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - The entire design for executing a loophole virtual currency standard only comes into practice if a group of New York HR managers, at the direction of the Executive Suite, puts together a scheme in secret to manipulate a bunch of technical rules that laymen don’t understand to deprive people of their money (Bagchi 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10948490&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. >From the position of absolute and essential need of becoming a leading international bank, Bank.org has no other choice than to pioneer a necessary HR culture that supports our primary activities of operation. It is true that xNY.io came into existence as a tech-based response to the stated problems that specifically addresses both the threats of future damage and the current cross-border computer crime merry-go-round responsible for extortionate damage already inflicted. “We’ve got to change the cost-benefit calculus of criminals and nation-states who believe they can compromise U.S. networks, steal U.S. financial and intellectual property, and hold our critical infrastructure at risk, all without incurring any risk themselves...” (Wray 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10936531&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. The Bitcoin Blockchain, Human/Civil Rights and Computer Crimes Bank.org is wise to objectively research and strategically organize its HR leadership position as a pioneer, in comparison to current New York bank management structures. Given that honest and fair dealing of virtual currency is critical to blockchain technology, should admitted felons and serial miscreants (Martens & Martens 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10948539&pre=&suf=&sa=0> be allowed to further expand their racket via global regulatory arbitrage and/or computer crimes? 1. Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin whitepaper states, “What is needed is an electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust, allowing any two willing parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party” (Nakamoto 2008) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951932&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. 2. New York State Human/Civil rights laws are applicable internationally. “If a resident person or domestic corporation violates any provision of this article by virtue of the provisions of this section, this article shall apply to such person or corporation in the same manner and to the same extent as such provisions would have applied had such act been committed within this state except that the penal provisions of such article shall not be applicable” (N.Y. Executive Law 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10952341&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. 3. Congress amended the definition of “protected computer” to make clear that this term includes computers outside of the United States so long as they affect interstate or foreign commerce or communication of the United States. This change addresses situations where an attacker within the United States attacks a computer system located abroad. This change also addresses situations in which individuals in foreign countries route communications through the United States with intent to extort from any person any money or other item of value, transmitted via interstate or foreign commerce (U.S. Congress 2002) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10952375&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Courts have interpreted expansively to define not only schemes to defraud individuals of money or property, but also schemes to defraud individuals of intangible interests and rights. Additionally, both mail and wire fraud statutes have been expanded to include schemes to deprive individuals of “honest services” (Eltringham 2015) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951979&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. What organizational HR management techniques are required for an enterprise to actively convince hundreds, if not thousands, of employees, clients and customers to pursue their strategy while knowing it was fatally flawed? Goldman Sachs’ Organization HR Management Analysis (MoneyGram and Ripple) MoneyGram, which has about 227,000 global money transfer agent locations in 191 countries and territories, was recapitalized in 2008 (same year of Bitcoin's whitepaper). Goldman Sachs acquired an equity interest of 63 percent in MoneyGram for about $710 million. Per the 2008 agreement, MoneyGram also received $500 million in debt financing from Goldman Sachs (Cordeiro 2011) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10952410&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Walmart is the only MoneyGram agent, for both the Global Funds Transfer and Financial Paper Products segments, that accounts for more than 10% of revenue. In 2020, Walmart accounted for 13% of total MoneyGram’s revenue and 16% in 2019 and 2018. Goldman Sachs (Investor) has a Participation Agreement with Walmart Inc. (Walmart) under which the Investor is obligated to pay Walmart certain percentages of any accumulated cash payments received by the Investor in excess of the Investor's original investment in the Company (MONEYGRAM INTERNATIONAL INC 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10952491&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. In 2016, Ripple received New York’s First NY-DFS BitLicense for an Institutional Use Case of Digital Assets (Larsen 2016) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10953308&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Shortly after being NY-DFS accredited, Ripple announced it was teaming up with MoneyGram to test payments using Ripple’s xRP virtual currency. During this time, Ripple was making headlines as the xRP digital currency had surged — and fallen — dramatically (Browne 2018) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10953324&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Soon after, Ripple announced a $50 million investment in MoneyGram snagging a 10% equity stake in the firm. Brad Garlinghouse, Ripple’s CEO, added that his firm would support MoneyGram’s “further expansion” into the European and Australian payment corridors (De 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10953333&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - Connecting the dots, MoneyGram is now one of the most expensive transfer providers (Tierney 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10953437&pre=&suf=&sa=0> on planet Earth. Customers incur fees for postal mail, telephone calls, electronic mail, and other computerized messaging services. - Computer crimes as a threat are no less of a threat because it is contingent, because the speaker does not intend or is unable to carry it out when the threat was not directly communicated to the MoneyGram customer as a target, or because the language used might be considered cryptic or ambiguously not part of the current New York BitLicense mandate. - Ripple simply made MoneyGram’s business more efficient, thus accruing more profits for Goldman Sachs directed out of Manhattan. From 2019 - 2020, MoneyGram received more than $40 million in market development fees from Ripple Labs in return for providing liquidity to its On-Demand Liquidity (ODL) network. It can be calculated that 10%-15% of the proceeds came from Walmart customers, who are some of the most disenfranchised Americans financially. Over the last five years, through conscious organizational HR management, Goldman Sachs created layer upon layer of New York BitLicense-related disguises and cross-border systems under potential conspiracy and plausible deniability to computer crimes and marketplace manipulation. Goldman Sachs' various direct and/or indirect BitLicensee connections profit daily from virtual currency market manipulation computer crimes with cross-border reach, operating as a large syndicate group from lower Manhattan. www.JUMO.World and Banking Africa What is astonishing is that Ripple is powering some of JUMO’s bank customers (Ripple 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959408&pre=&suf=&sa=0>, in a troublesome manner similar to MoneyGram. New York banks have a long and profitable history of exploiting regulatory arbitrage. Similar to the MoneyGram instance, some evidence shows that Goldman Sachs also seems to have entered Africa. Given that several enforcement actions and lawsuits in the United States specifically targeted banks’ treatment of minority borrowers (Taibbi 2014) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10961062&pre=&suf=&sa=0>, it may not be surprising to learn of www.Jumo.World or “JUMO” (Buchak et al. 2017) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10956108&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. A domain extension, in this case “.World” domain, is the targeted subject area of a computer program. It is a term used in software engineering (Wikipedia 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10968017&pre=&suf=&sa=0>: - During the fourth quarter of 2018, JUMO successfully finalized a $65 million capital raise that was led by Goldman Sachs in New York. JUMO is a full technology software stack for building and running financial services, targeted at the world’s most disadvantaged populations. - Today, JUMO operates across numerous African markets including Tanzania, Ghana, Zambia, Kenya, Uganda, and most recently in Pakistan, with plans to expand further across the sub-continent. - Since its launch in 2014, more than 15 million people have saved or borrowed on the JUMO platform, with over $1.6 billion in funds disbursed to customers. Nearly 70% of JUMO’s customers are micro and small business owners. JUMO targets the unbanked population across several emerging and developing markets. A variety of JUMO’s partnerships with leading banks and mobile network operators creates a marketplace where consumers can access financial services and banks can access a new pool of mobile money customers (Vostok Emerging Finance Ltd 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10955874&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Given the regulatory environment in Africa, it could be suggested that from New York, Goldman Sachs and Ripple’s organizational HR management structures once again aim to profit from some of the most vulnerable of the human population. Earth_ID: Because Owning Your Identity is a Human Right The modus operandi of JUMO’s business is a type of malicious bank software designed to encrypt or otherwise block access to valuable data (e.g. Digital Identity) until the victim agrees to provide a specified payment. The population of the African continent is approximately 1.2 billion people. Imagine a whole continent of people with no proof of identity and therefore no chance of having access to financial services, economic opportunities, or formal employment. These are basic services that are taken for granted and sadly are all too often denied to so many in our world today. Many countries in Africa lack the necessary means to establish and maintain basic systems of identity management, such as the registration of births, especially for the rural poor and underprivileged (Plumer et al. 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10956171&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Earth_ID has plans to pilot the launch of it’s decentralized digital identity platform in collaboration with University of Nicosia’s (UNIC) very own African Partner, UNICAF. UNICAF has a physical presence on eleven campuses throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. We welcome the students and staff of UNICAF to be Earth_ID’s very first adopters, community leaders and validators in trust to our decentralized identity solution. Goldman Sachs from New York is a lead investor in UNICAF (Chege 2018) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10958197&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. According to the United Nations Digital Solutions Centre, the creation of a unique personal United Nations ID (Earth_ID) using blockchain technology, which is portable across organizations (Dumitriu 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10956154&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - The proposal foresees that every United Nations organization could become a trusted authority writing information onto the blockchain. The organizations could run their own nodes separately, while the system will ensure scalability and interoperability. - The Inspector recommends that the executive heads of the United Nations organizations support the creation of a United Nations digital ID. This will have multiple long term positive consequences in terms of saving time and resources, facilitating staff mobility in allowing certification and recognition of their knowledge and skills, reducing bureaucracy, and enhancing system-wide coherence. The descriptive definition of regulatory arbitrage suggests that New York banks’ organizational HR management, with direction from the Executive Suite, seeks to saturate lending to markets with more minorities and worse socioeconomic conditions (Buchak et al. 2017) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10956108&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. CryptoBank Environmental Analysis How can xNY.io innovate from underdogs to elite high performers, becoming the best in the world? xNY.io - CryptoBank wants to create the best World Crypto Bank known to humanity, and we plan to do that expeditiously in 40+ countries and fiat currencies. xNY.io has a problem: We are displeased with Ripple powering customers like MoneyGram, Santander Bank and the other 300+ banking customers. Our frustrations hinge on Ripple seeming to be propping up the same bad banks that more or less rival Bitcoin's entire mission (Larson 2020b) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959063&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Furthermore, instead of putting the MoneyGram and other bad traditional banks out of business, Ripple is looking to profit off of cross-border payment startups similar to our best World Crypto Bank (Ripple 2013b) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959314&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Market segmentation determines groups of customers with common needs and wants. All over the world, young people strive to make money. Those who are at the beginning of the life road plan to grow financially. The high-interest rate of xNY.io deposit accounts will help customers make desirable choices for healthy and prosperous financial futures. Moreover, geographically, xNY.io has a keen focus to improve banking in developing countries on the African continent to help deprived people obtain the rights of digital identity and interdependent modern bank accounts with innovative products and services. - Digital asset trading platforms like NEXO.io in Europe powered by Fireblocks in New York hop from more regulated jurisdictions to less regulated or unregulated countries, leading to so-called regulatory arbitrage or currency speculation (Pettinger 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10960704&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - NY-DFS and FDIC regulators have more trouble detecting and blocking illicit digital asset flows as virtual currency transactions are diverted away from compliant regulated Fireblocks in New York to unregulated trading gateway venues and peer-to-peer protocols that are directly against NY-DFS’ BitLicense mandate (FTI Consulting 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10960677&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. The chain of financial service providers includes several intermediaries, each drawing their own commission against the services provided. These operating principles date several years back, and it is difficult to make a paradigm shift from this existing operational hierarchy. This constraint is being utilized by middlemen and the established market players. Financial conglomerates use their supremacy, as well, to make sure their operations continue unchallenged. The industry generally fails to serve a sizable part of the community and this gap can only be bridged by new players. However, the strong market hold of the established players makes it seemingly difficult for innovators to contribute. The NEXO.io Conundrum Our role model for creating the best World Crypto Bank is NEXO.io. While Ripple's business of leveraging digital currency and blockchain technology is disheartening, the great success of NEXO's crypto bank and card is impressive. Case in point, NEXO's token and overall business solution is a better example (Trenchev 2018) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959329&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. NEXO is a great example for our best World Crypto Bank' but is funded by Goldman Sachs (Roony 2018) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959512&pre=&suf=&sa=0>, Which could be argued to be worse than Ripple. Goldman's blockage of crypto/blockchain development in the United States (U.S. Congress 2002) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10952375&pre=&suf=&sa=0> and Digital Identity in Africa (Plumer et al. 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10956171&pre=&suf=&sa=0> cannot be overlooked. While Ripple is supporting the bad behavior of MoneyGram and other traditional banks with cards, NEXO is just the best bad version of Ripple funded by Sachs. Both are probably gaming the digital currency market and global blockchain innovation, and possibly humanity as a whole. Obviously, NEXO could get into trouble for operating an unregulated bank fast (Jennings 2018) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959529&pre=&suf=&sa=0>: 1. Moreover, NEXO is, at various levels, illegal in the United States where the federal government regulates most banks (NEXO 2019 <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959498&pre=&suf=&sa=0>). For example, in New York, some of the NEXO token benefits are forbidden by NY-DFS (Sokolowski 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959577&pre=&suf=&sa=0> . 2. Nexo doesn't have a Bitlicense, but they still operate in New York (u/zylstrar 2019) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959567&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. New York State Attorney General Letitia James has made it clear that virtual currency firms must abide by the BItLicense or risk being shut down (Sharma 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959571&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. 3. Additionally, United States authorities could force NEXO to offer Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance on its accounts (Buchak et al. 2017) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10956108&pre=&suf=&sa=0> . It could be argued that Ripple (xRP) and NEXO.io (NEXO) built entire global operations as direct/indirect BitLicensees with intent to profit from various cross-border computer crimes such as market manipulation while being partially funded and/or directed out of New York (U.S. Congress 2002) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10952375&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. However, NEXO operates like a bank. To explain, clients put cryptocurrency in a wallet, borrow against it and receive funds through the NEXO wallet. NEXO claims it can tap some huge markets that include crypto investors, crypto miners, and hedge funds. Hence, NEXO looks like an investment bank. Tellingly, NEXO looks a great deal like Goldman Sachs’ Marcus platform. For example, both NEXO and Marcus offer loans and savings accounts. The Fireblocks Conundrum A few blocks south of Times Square in New York City, Fireblocks (Google Maps 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959908&pre=&suf=&sa=0> powers the global operations of NEXO.io headquartered in Europe. The CEO of Fireblocks has discussed his firm's $135 million investment led by BNY Mellon and others: “‘While we have no plans to become a bank, we believe our infrastructure will lend itself perfectly to power an entirely new era of financial services,’ Shaulov added. ‘Developing products to bridge digital and traditional assets is foundational to the future of custody.’ Roman Regelman, BNY Mellon’s asset servicing CEO and digital head said, ‘Following significant due diligence and market research, we recognize Fireblocks as a market leader in providing secure technology to support digital asset services’” (Shome 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959918&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - As previously noted, New York, Europe and Africa are connected by a freeway of cross-border arbitrage frameworks. Due to easily exploitable laws in developing countries, some BitLicensees’ daily operations straddle New York, Europe and Africa to evade detection and prosecution from law enforcement (Larsen 2016) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10953308&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) identifies the “Travel Rule,” also known as “Regulatory Arbitrage,” as a stand-out concern that is perhaps the most glaring example of the lack of global harmonization of policies designed to combat illicit financial flows in the crypto markets. Fireblocks in New York powering the European based NEXO.io’s Global CryptoBank (Metodiev 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10961027&pre=&suf=&sa=0> operations at worst fueled a black-market financial system and at best purposely and deliberately existed outside of the NY-DFS BitLicense and bank industry regulations (Cyber Digital Task Force 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10960464&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Fred Ehrsam, co-founder and managing partner at Paradigm (Ehrsam 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959925&pre=&suf=&sa=0>, is a lead investor in Fireblocks where he also serves as a board member. Previously, Ehrsam co-founded Coinbase, the largest cryptocurrency company in the US, and held the role of president from 2012 to 2017. Ehrsam purchased his first Bitcoin in 2011 and has been an angel investor in some of the space’s most formative companies. Prior to Coinbase, Ehrsam was a foreign exchange trader at Goldman Sachs in New York. Ehrsam holds a B.S. in Computer Science and Economics with honors and departmental distinction from Duke University (Fireblocks 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959593&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Computer Software and the Blockchain Platform International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is one of the world’s largest computer firms and is headquartered in New York (Wikipedia. 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959864&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. IBM distinguishes the blockchain platform technology as computer software (International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959869&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Given IBM’s modus operandi, it could be concluded that the Bitcoin blockchain is also computer software. Yet, New York banks can use those same innovations for their own illegitimate ends, imposing great costs on the public. Today, few technologies are more potentially transformative and disruptive—and more potentially susceptible to abuse—than virtual currency (Cyber Digital Task Force 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10960464&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Virtual currency fraud is a serious problem for such a developed country as the United States, whose bank regulators have drawn attention to the increase of these crimes. Having discovered that an unregulated virtual currency sphere (such as in Africa, or other developing markets) is very popular among virtual currency fraudsters (Prior 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959948&pre=&suf=&sa=0>, the SEC has alluded that this kind of regulatory arbitrage fraud was concerning (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) n.d.) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959942&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - An uncoordinated regulation can potentially have a stifling effect by way of creating inconsistent regulatory requirements on top of increased compliance costs to the industry. Virtual Currency: Computer Software Protocols and Processes The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) classifies virtual currency such as Bitcoin as a computer software code. For example, Bitcoins counted at 21 million corresponds to a specific number of mining rewards that can be given, and this is all written into a code (Yamalis 2018) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10960440&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. 1. xNY.io’s key definition of virtual currency computer crimes is a consistent message across markets. These crimes are relatively new, having been in existence for only as long as Bitcoin has, which explains how unprepared society, and the world in general, is towards combating these crimes (Larson 2021a) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10948534&pre=&suf=&sa=0> . 2. Technological innovation and human flourishing are complementary concepts, but the former does not guarantee the latter. Good public policy along with ethical CEOs and CFOs at New York banks operating international HR management organizations pioneer innovation of such policy (Eltringham 2015) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10951979&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. 3. Marketplace manipulation and virtual currency regulatory arbitrage undoubtedly stifles innovation and human flourishing. The absence of protection under the law can endanger progress across both dimensions. It takes careful consideration, and a deep and ongoing immersion in the facts, to understand when and how law should intervene (FTI Consulting 2021) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10960677&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Even in societies where transformative scientific and technological advancements are achievable, ethical and moral CEOs and CFOs play a critical mediating role. In the wrong hands, or without appropriate safeguards and oversight, these advancements can facilitate great human suffering. Keeping all this in mind with a positive/optimistic attitude, a series of smart and calculated leveraged buyouts can innovate beyond New York banks’ cross-border computer crime(s) such as (Prior 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959948&pre=&suf=&sa=0>: 1. Conspiracy to Commit Fraud and Related Activity in Connection with Computers 2. Conspiracy to Commit Wire Fraud 3. Intentional Damage to a Protected Computer 4. Transmitting a Demand in Relation to Damaging a Protected Computer The U.S. government could appropriately assert jurisdiction over such offenses anywhere in the world, consistent with due process, under the principle of protective jurisdiction. That principle holds that, “[F]or non-citizens acting entirely abroad, a jurisdictional nexus exists when the aim of that activity is to cause harm inside the United States or to U.S. citizens or interests” (Cyber Digital Task Force 2020) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10960464&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. Bank.org: Revolutionary Approaches to Agile Innovation A prerequisite to protecting our future customers' lifelong returns and Bank.org’s profits calls for Bank.org’s engagement of agile innovation in manufacturing new and revolutionary approaches to international banking from our New York headquarters. The key aim of the Bank.org endeavor, and our primary goal, is to attain the legitimate financial inclusion and economic prosperity of all people, including the excluded, under-privileged and under-served. Bank.org is taking advantage of the New York banking industry at a crossroads. On the one hand, digital banking services are rising to the forefront and drawing increasing interest from customers. On the other, brick-and-mortar banking remains an important way to connect with customers on a local and personal level. Bank.org intends to be a true borderless enterprise serving customers in over 200 jurisdictions and 40+ fiat and virtual currencies. 1. Bank.org has the luxury of an opportunity to be fresh, clean and pure in comparison to many of our legacy “multiple felon” bank peers directing global operations out of New York. 2. Citibank has become the latest bank to be sued by a British currency investment firm over allegations that its traders manipulated foreign exchange markets for profit. Furthermore, expanding litigation accuses the company of trade front-running. 3. Bank.org’s scope as an international bank engages xNY.io to lead our virtual currency innovation practice. xNY.io is a pioneering instrument to elegantly complement Bank.org’s international bank operations. The best bank in the world has energy to pioneer relentless HR innovation with passion to create those means, build those processes and those systems that will facilitate inclusive solutions to those problems which rob so many of a chance to realize their goals and achieve their full potential. Bank.org’s barriers to global market penetration include government(s) that sponsor our peers who historically do not factor in the social benefits of bank competition or of effective natural monopoly regulation of global New York firms like Goldman Sachs. That is, regulators may grant licenses to firms that are operating at a high level as state firms and so appear valuable to private markets. This experience is supported by Bank.org’s analysis and vision of the best performing global online institutions (versus money center banks), which shows the principle in practice. Conclusion 2021 in New York now brings us to cooperation versus competition and rationality versus altruism. As with many situations in real-life, the games are often not zero-sum, but by cooperative efforts all players can be better off (Larson 2021b) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959166&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. In 1973, John Maynard Smith presented an idea explaining game theory and how alpha culture exists in societies. Maynard’s hypothesis asked you to imagine a world with doves and hawks. If there would be only hawks, their fights would be devastating to their population. If there would be only doves, they would be susceptible to any intruders, therefore such a population would also not be stable. But the right combination of hawks and doves would be evolutionarily stable (Smith & Corbin 1973) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959298&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. - We witness again and again that US American enterprises (aka New York Banks), in particular, are being built by one or two supposedly shiny figures (CEO or CFO) who have questable ethics and morals. - The qualitative effect on organizational HR Management is an Executive Suite that assembles subpar teammates around him or her. - The firms focus on the growing experience and network of that single person and are closely associated with the individual’s character. Business relationships are being entered and trust being built with that individual rather than the firm as an institution. Startup companies like xNY.io and Bank.org that dare to explore more novel approaches and non-hierarchical structures, though, show successes, as do larger organizations formalizing and adopting respective strategies. However, within the New York banking community with its various regulators, there appears to be a window of opportunity for smart innovation. Anecdotal observations yet again identify the root cause in the vast multidisciplinary nature of the domain, and in the all-so-technical backgrounds of its protagonists where Executive Suites and organizational HR managers cling to their old habits while placing less importance on innovation and executing modern organizational insights bank wide. Behavioral and organizational research impressively underline a very simple “game,” in which the conditions for survival (be nice, be provocable, promote mutual interest) seem to be the essence of ethics and morality. While this does not yet amount to a science of ethics or morality, the game theory approach has clarified the conditions required for the evolution and persistence of cooperation, and shows how Darwinian natural selection can lead to complex behavior, including notions of morality, fairness, and justice, beyond alpha culture. In the 1980s, Professor of Political Science Robert Axelrod ran a tournament inviting strategies from collaborators all over the world. Axelrod found that the winning strategy that performed the best overall (not in every game, but on average), was “Tit-for-Tat,” also called look-back strategy or reciprocal altruism. It worked simply by starting the first iteration with cooperation, then looking back at the opponent’s last move and copying it in the next iteration (Axelrod 1980) <https://sciwheel.com/work/citation?ids=10959358&pre=&suf=&sa=0>. In summary, the best strategies were found to have these surprising properties: 1. Be nice – don‘t be the first to defect. 2. Be provocable – return actions, both in retaliation and forgiveness. 3. Don‘t envy – don‘t focus on beating the opponent, but on maximizing your own score. 4. Don‘t be tricky – anytime you try to exploit the opponent, you will provoke revenge. Bank.org is happy to make ethically sound risks to aggressively protect our future customers' returns and our firm’s bottom line. The assumption our competitors have is that historically New York banks’ CEOs and CFOs do not engage the strategic roadmaps offered by a new aggressive market entrant such as the xNY.io and Bank.org. Bibliography <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography> Al-Naji, N., Chen, J. & Diao, L., 2018. Basis: A Price-Stable Cryptocurrency with an Algorithmic Central Bank. Basis.io, 0.99.7. Available at: http://www.basis.io/basis_whitepaper_en.pdf [Accessed April 24, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951869> Association for Computing Machinery, 2020. On the Feasibility of Automating Stock Market Manipulation. ACSAC ’20: Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, p.962. Available at: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3427228.3427241 [Accessed April 20, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10937107> Axelrod, R., 1980. Axelrod’s Tournament . Stanford.edu. Available at: https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/1998-99/game-… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959358> Bagchi, A., 2020. Participants in IRS-Targeted Land Deals Sue Alleged Promoters. BloombergTax.com. Available at: https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report/participants-in-irs-targeted… [Accessed April 24, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10948490> Bloomberg, 2021. Compliance Professional Services, Bloomberg. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/expertise/compliance/ [Accessed April 22, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10935129> Bourne, J., Blockchain Awards & The Blocks, 2018. Biggest Contributor to the Rise of Blockchain in 2018. Blockchain-Expo.com. Available at: https://www.blockchain-expo.com/2018/07/awards/the-blocks-blockchain-awards… [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951810> Browne, R., 2018. Ripple surges after teaming up with MoneyGram on cryptocurrency-enabled payments. CNBC.com. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/11/moneygram-to-test-payments-with-ripple-xrp-… [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10953324> Buchak, G. et al., 2017. Fintech, Regulatory Arbitrage, and the Rise of Shadow Banks . In Bank Research Conference . FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, p. 73. Available at: https://www.fdic.gov/analysis/cfr/bank-research-conference/annual-17th/pape… [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10956108> Chege, K., 2018. Goldman Sachs leads in $28 Million fundraising for UNICAF. The Exchange . Available at: https://theexchange.africa/countries/ethiopia/goldman-sachs-leads-in-28-mil… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10958197> Conway, L., 2020. Blockhcain Explained. Investopedia.com. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951897> Cordeiro, B., 2011. MoneyGram jumps on recapitalization deal with THL. Reuters.com. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thl/moneygram-jumps-on-recapitalization-… [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10952410> Cyber Digital Task Force, 2020. Cryptocurrency Enforcment Framework 1st ed., Washington, D.C. 20530: Justice.gov. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/archives/ag/page/file/1326061/download [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10960464> De, N., 2019. Ripple Finalizes $50 Million MoneyGram Investment. Coindesk.com. Available at: https://www.coindesk.com/ripple-finalizes-50-million-moneygram-investment [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10953333> Dumitriu, P., 2020. Blockchain applications in the United Nationssystem: towards a state of readiness, Geneva: United Nations. Available at: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3906141?ln=en [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10956154> Ehrsam, F., 2021. Fred Ehrsam | LinkedIn. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/in/fredehrsam/ [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959925> Eltringham, S., 2015. Prosecuting Computer Crimes. , 2. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/criminal-ccips/legacy/2015/01/1… [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951979> European Commission, 2021. The 2020 Retail Payments Strategy, Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/1… [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951557> Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 1989. FDIC Law, Regulations, Related Acts, Available at: https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/laws/rules/8000-1250.html [Accessed April 22, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10942239> Fireblocks, 2020. Fireblocks Board Members: Fred Ehrsam . Fireblocks.com. Available at: https://www.fireblocks.com/about/ [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959593> FTI Consulting, 2021. Financial Crimes Compliance for Cryptocurrency: Why Can’t We All Agree? JD Supra. Available at: https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/financial-crimes-compliance-for-3656865/ [Accessed April 28, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10960677> Google Maps, 2021. Fireblocks Software Company . www.Google.com/Maps. Available at: https://goo.gl/maps/mSEecUR6U7Co279K9 [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959908> Hammerschmidt v. United States, 1924. Hammerschmidt v. United States, 265 U.S. 182 (1924), Available at: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/265/182/ [Accessed April 21, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10937278> International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), 2021. What is blockchain technology?, Armonk, New York: IBM.com. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/topics/what-is-blockchain [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959869> Jennings, D.G., 2018. Jumping into loans with NEXO, is cryptocurrency lending profitable? Market Mad House. Available at: https://marketmadhouse.medium.com/jumping-into-loans-with-nexo-is-cryptocur… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959529> Kenton, W. & James, M., 2021. Leveraged Buyout (LBO). Investopedia.com. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/leveragedbuyout.asp [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951605> Larsen, C., 2016. Ripple Receives New York’s First BitLicense for an Institutional Use Case of Digital Assets. Ripple.com . Available at: https://ripple.com/insights/ripple-receives-new-yorks-first-bitlicense-inst… [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10953308> Larson, G., 2020a. An Open Letter to Bloomberg on Modern BitLicense Logic, TheCapital.io. Available at: https://thecapital.io/article/an-open-letter-to-bloomberg-on-modern-bitlice… [Accessed April 22, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10935777> Larson, G., 2020b. Burn (PoB) Ripple XRP Down to the Ground? MIS536-01-f1-2020. Available at: https://thecapital.io/article/burn-pob-ripple-xrp-down-to-the-ground--MPCcX… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959063> Larson, G., 2021a. COMPUTER CRIMES and the BitLicense (NY-DFS). TheCapital.io. Available at: https://thecapital.io/article/computer-crimes-and-the-bitlicense-nydfs-MUoH… [Accessed April 24, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10948534> Larson, G., 2021b. Game Theory & BitLicense Alpha Culture. TheCapital.io. Available at: https://thecapital.io/article/game-theory--bitlicense-alpha-culture-MQ4NV2C… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959166> Law 360, 2021. Citibank Faces New Forex Rigging Suit From Currency Trader. Law360.com. Available at: https://www.law360.com/articles/1369576/citibank-faces-new-forex-rigging-su… [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951562> Light, J., 2021. Federal Reserve’s Digital Dollar Push Worries Wall Street. Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-22/federal-reserve-s-digita… [Accessed April 24, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10948580> Martens, P. & Martens, R., 2020. Wall Street’s Felon Banks to Go Live with their Own Stock Exchange this Month. Wall Street on Parade . Available at: https://wallstreetonparade.com/2020/09/wall-streets-felon-banks-to-go-live-… [Accessed April 24, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10948539> McCullough, J., 2019. PROVIDE ETHICAL LEADERSHIP. In K. Kohut, C. Boles, & L. Z. Truong, eds. SECRETS OF ROCKSTAR CFOs . Absolutely Abby Press, p. 3. Available at: http://RockStarCFOs.com [Accessed April 22, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10934566> Mills, J., 2006. Then & Now: At 20, he’s traveled to 14 countries. Culdesac native says anyone can do it. Lewiston Morning Tribune . Available at: https://lmtribune.com/then-now-at-20-he-s-traveled-to-14-countries/article_… [Accessed April 24, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951797> MONEYGRAM INTERNATIONAL INC, 2021. MoneyGram International, Inc. Annual Filings, Dallas, Texas: MoneyGram International, Inc. Available at: https://ir.moneygram.com/node/21606/html [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10952491> Morris, V., 2008. LA/COD/8/4. Available at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BweeaClFZ8c0dDNDWGFveVFTXzlOTjhXY2tKS2FZN2… [Accessed April 23, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10942187> N.Y. Executive Law, 2019. Human Rights Law, Available at: https://dhr.ny.gov/sites/default/files/doc/HRL.pdf [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10952341> Nakamoto, S., 2008. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Available at: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951932> NEXO, 2019. What Does Nexo Being Licensed and Regulated Mean? NEXO.io. Available at: https://nexo.io/institution-license [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959498> NY-DFS, 2019. Guidance Regarding Adoption or Listing of Virtual Currencies, Available at: https://www.dfs.ny.gov/apps_and_licensing/virtual_currency_businesses/gn/ad… [Accessed April 22, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10936021> NY-DFS, 2020. Request for Comments on a Proposed Framework for a Conditional BitLicense. New York State Department of Financial Services . Available at: https://www.dfs.ny.gov/apps_and_licensing/virtual_currency_businesses/gn/re… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959349> NY-DFS, 2008. Shelf Charter , Available at: https://www.dfs.ny.gov/apps_and_licensing/banks_and_trusts/shelf_charter [Accessed April 22, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10935584> Pettinger, T., 2019. Currency Speculation and Exchange Rate. EconomicsHelp.org. Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/785/economics/currency-speculation-and-e… [Accessed April 28, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10960704> Plumer, S. et al., 2020. Earth_ID: Decentralized Idenity and Dignity , Nicosia, Cyprus: University of Nicosia. Available at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1m7_GLK32LJmox0JCfVeYd9YC04dJgHPd/view?usp=… [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10956171> Poster, A., 2019. Crypto Assets Regulatory Arbitrage - A Clear and Present Danger. Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/amyposter/2019/12/09/crypto-assets-regulatory-… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959604> Prior, J., 2020. JPMorgan Chase warns of upcoming fine over internal controls. American Banker . Available at: https://www.americanbanker.com/news/jpmorgan-chase-warns-of-upcoming-fine-o… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959948> Ripple, 2020. Faster Payments Into Nigeria, San Francisco, CA: Ripple.com. Available at: https://ripple.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/RippleNet-Quick-Guide-Overvie… [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959408> Ripple, 2013a. Real-Time Cross BorderPayments for Banks, Ripple.com. Available at: https://ripple.com/use-cases/banks/ [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951672> Ripple, 2013b. RippleNet: On-Demand Liquidity (ODL) , San Francisco, CA: Ripple.com. Available at: https://ripple.com/ripplenet/on-demand-liquidity# [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959314> Roony, K., 2018. Goldman Sachs-backed start-up Circle introducing a crypto version of the US dollar. CNBC.com. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/15/goldman-sachs-backed-start-up-circle-introd… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959512> Schilling, M., 2019. ISE EBook for Strategic Management of Technological Innovation ProQuest Ebook Central., New York, New York: McGraw-Hill US Higher Ed ISE. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951587> Sharma, S., 2021. “Play by the Rules Or We will Shut You down”- New York Attorney General Warns Crypto Industry. CoinGape.cm . Available at: https://coingape.com/play-by-the-rules-or-we-will-shut-you-down-new-york-st… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959571> Shome, A., 2021. Fireblocks Scores $133 Million from BNY Mellon and Others. FinanceMagnates.com/. Available at: https://www.financemagnates.com/cryptocurrency/news/fireblocks-scores-133-m… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959918> Smith, J.M. & Corbin, A., 1973. John Maynard Smith: The Evolutionary Stable Strategy. PBS.org - Evolution Library. Available at: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/06/2/l_062_03.html [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959298> Sokolowski, S., 2021. Earning Interest on Cryptocurrencies. Prohashing.com. Available at: https://prohashing.com/guides/earning-interest-on-cryptocurrencies [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959577> Tarver, E. & James, M., 2021. Horizontal vs. Vertical Integration: What’s the Difference? Investopedia.com. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/051315/what-difference-between-hor… [Accessed April 24, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951616> Tierney, S., 2019. MoneyGram Money Transfer Review. NerdWallet.com. Available at: https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/banking/moneygram-review [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10953437> Torpey, K., 2018. Founding PayPal CEO Bill Harris Says Bitcoin Is A Scam, Here’s Why He’s Wrong. Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/ktorpey/2018/04/24/founding-paypal-ceo-bill-ha… [Accessed April 25, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10951846> Trenchev, A., 2018. NEXO Token Utilities, London, United Kingdom: NEXO.io. Available at: https://nexo.io/token [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959329> U.S. Congress, 2002. Fraud and related activity in connection with computer, Available at: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:18%20section:1030%20edition:… [Accessed April 24, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10952375> U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Ponzi schemes Using virtual Currencies , SEC.gov. Available at: https://www.sec.gov/files/ia_virtualcurrencies.pdf [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959942> u/zylstrar, 2019. Can someone share Nexo’s financial licenses? Reddit.com. Available at: https://www.reddit.com/r/Nexo/comments/eduft4/can_someone_share_nexos_finan… [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959567> United Nations, 1948. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Available at: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights [Accessed April 20, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10936242> Vostok Emerging Finance Ltd, 2020. YEAR-END REPORT 2019, Sweden: Vostok Emerging Finance. Available at: https://ml-eu.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/3dd0f660-8cd7-4964-83d6-e… [Accessed April 26, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10955874> Wikipedia., 2021. IBM. Wikipedia.com. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM [Accessed April 27, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10959864> Wikipedia, 2021a. International Court of Justice. Wikipedia.org. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice [Accessed April 22, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10942253> Wikipedia, 2021b. International Criminal Court. Wikipedia.org. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court [Accessed April 21, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10942250> Wray, C., 2020. FBI Strategy Addresses Evolving Cyber Threat. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Available at: https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/wray-announces-fbi-cyber-strategy-at-cisa-… [Accessed April 19, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10936531> xNY.io | Bank.org, CryptoBank. CryptoBank. Available at: https://xny.io/crypto [Accessed April 21, 2021]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10934818> Yamalis, P., 2018. Understanding the Basics of Virtual Currency. IRS Web Conference . Available at: https://www.irsvideos.gov/Webinars/UnderstandingBasicsVirtualCurrency [Accessed April 28, 2018]. <https://sciwheel.com/work/bibliography/10960440>

1 6

Wells Fargo Wants Rate-Lock Extension Fee Suit Tossed
by Gunnar Larson 03 Aug '23

03 Aug '23

Wells Fargo Wants Rate-Lock Extension Fee Suit Tossed By Sydney Price Wells Fargo urged a California federal judge to throw out a proposed customer class action that seeks disgorgement of "billions" the bank allegedly earned by charging certain mortgage fees it later refunded, saying those refunds weren't an admission of misconduct. Motion attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites » https://www.law360.com/compliance/articles/1706307?nl_pk=e8718aa1-2adc-4c2d…

1 0