I believe that any denial-of-service attack will simply drive up the costs of licensing encryption programs and keys to the point that only corporations will be able to afford to release encryption products and purchase keys (in bulk). Remember, we have to pay them for the privelidge (not right) of communicating "securely". PS. By licensing, I mean whatever process you'll have to go through to get your crypto product approved for use domestically; much like what was tried with the rating of video games. Also, I haven't see much talk lately on how GAK will totally destroy anonymity (not to mention the ability of any TLA to destroy your identity simply by revoking your public keys). Once GAK is approved, expect to see encryption/signing pop up everywhere. And since every key must be registered and key sharing/trading/selling will be illegal ("Today, 7 hackers were busted in the internet's largest Key Laundering operation to date. Film at 11."), every single encrypted/signed communication can not only be decrypted, but also traced back to you (Remailers are not secure in a GAK world). GAK is a big step toward an Internet Driver's License. The FBI doesn't want to read encrypted documents; they want to read YOUR encrypted documents. -- Phelix