-> The constitutional requirement and the need for some coherent policy to be attached to grants explains why the Clipper and Digitel projects are hefted under the umbrella of the crime crisis. It allows huge federal grants (bigger now that the crime bill is law) to be "stringed" and these projects (Clipper etc.) to be "voluntarily encouraged" by the threat of withdrawal of government largess. (In this instance the crime bill grants). <- I should mention that the crime bill is still in joint commitee and not yet "law." At least I think that's the case. It's to early to check.