In message <9408102324.AA25933@ah.com> Eric Hughes writes:

...

Also, for anonymous payment for such overseas services, anonymous transfer in at least one of the two currencies is necessary.

The last point is certainly not true. If user X communicates with service A (a gateway) in one country to purchase something from service B in another country, X can settle accounts with A anonymously (say in US$) and then A and B can settle accounts with one another (say in sterling) openly.

May I point out that that in your example that X and A are performing an anonymous transfer in dollars, which is one of the two currencies?

You are quite right. I misread what you wrote, thinking that you meant that X must pay B anonymously in one of the two currencies. -- Jim Dixon