Maybe in Norway you do, but not here. The Orange Cards were completely anonymous, I think, and there's certainly no reason that a card system couldn't be set up that is anonymous if those weren't.

prepaid cards can be set up to work anonymously, sure. Unfortunately, the one making this decision (the network operator) is more concerned with toll fraud and usage statistics. E.g. the german telekoms payphone log the time of a call and the serial number of the prepaid card. (And the only one reading their publications (and complaining) is the CCC, which has not quite the right reputation to raise the newspapers attention)