Assuming that whoevever implemented PGP did not himself import the cipher, but based the implementation on the EUROCRYPT '90 paper that was 'imported' by Springer-Verlag, I don't understand what the basis would be for such a charge. Now an indictment against Springer for shipping the proceedings (which contained C source code for IDEA) into the US - that would be interesting... As you say, ``assuming''. The Feds can afford to lose that count because of the facts of this case; they can't afford to lose on a point of law. I don't know what the facts are, or what they can prove about them. They may not, either, at this point, pending the results of the grand jury probe.