Saturday 7/4/98 1:20 PM Laszlo Baranyi I read http://www.qainfo.se/~lb/crypto_ag.htm I will look in my files for a paper published in the Association of Computing Machinery authored by G. J. Simmons on the COVERT CHANNEL. Then e-mail you an exact reference. Information FORCED on me by Sandian James Gosler funded by NSA was about the COVERT CHANNEL. Similar to what I read at http://www.aci.net/kalliste/ricono.htm Gosler made the point to us that the 'black hats' could spike a device, either through hardware or software. A 'white hat' group could not discover how the covert channel worked [was spiked]. Gosler later wanted to assign me to an NSA project. I refused. I would not sign the required papers - which effectively makes the signer give up their civil rights. See http://www.qainfo.se/~lb/crypto_ag.htm RIGGING THE GAME" Baltimore Sun, December 10, 1995. This article can be ordered on-line http://www.sunspot.net/archive/search/ for details what NSA requires employees to sign. Sandia reassigned me to break electronic locks for the FBI. http://www.fbi.gov/ and http://www.fbi.gov/fo/nyfo/nytwa.htm I attach results, which the FBI blieves is SECRET/NSI, on how to counterfeit Wiegand wire access credentials funded by the FBI. Perhaps the following quotation and reference might be valuable to you. Spy agencies are also dabbling in hacker warfare. The National Security Agency, along with top-secret intelligence units in the Army, Air Force, has been researching ways to infect enemy computer systems with particularly virulent strains of software viruses that already plague home and office computers. Another type of virus, the logic bomb, would remain dormant in an enemy system until a predetermined time, when it would come to life and begin eating data. Such bombs could attack, for example, a nation's air-defense system or central bank. The CIA has a clandestine program that would insert booby-trapped computer chips into weapons systems that a foreign arms manufacturer might ship to a potentially hostile country - a technique called "chipping". In another program, the agency is looking at how independent contractors hired by arms makers to write software for weapons systems could be bribed to slip in viruses. "You get into the arms manufacturer's supply network, take the stuff off-line briefly, insert the bug, the let it go to the country," explained a CIA source who specializes in information technology. "When the weapons system goes into a hostile situation, everything about it seems to work, but the warhead doesn't explode." weapons may be even more exotic than computer viruses. Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico has developed a suitcase-sized device that generates a high-powered electromagnetic pulse. Commandos could sneak into a foreign capitol, place the EMP suitcase next to a bank and set it off. The resulting pulse would burn out all electronic components in the building. ... [TIME, August 21, 1995, by Douglas Waller] The US was super-concerned when stinger missiles, AFTER THE US GAVE THEM TO THE AFGHANIS, that the stingers might be used against the US. So the idea is to spike weapons so that the US remains in ELECTRONIC CONTROL - if physical control is lost. There are, of course, hazards in powering-up a stolen foreign weapon. My wife Patty [Implementing Basics : How Basics Work William H. and Patricia Payne / Published 1982 http://www.amazon.com]and I were in Zurich in April 1997. I spoke to Hans Buehler on the phone from the airpont. Buehler gave me ideas on how to get my case settled TOO. I JUST WANT MY MONEY AND OUT OF THIS MESS! http://www.jya.com/sec062998.htm Best. And I look forward to reading more about what you discover. bill http://www.apcatalog.com/cgi-bin/AP?ISBN=0125475705&LOCATION=US&FORM=FORM2 http://www-hto.usc.edu/software/seqaln/doc/html/gfsr.3.html Coauthor Lewis in the above is one of my former MS and PhD students in computer science. http://www.friction-free-economy.com/ Counterfeiting Wiegand Wire Access Credentials Bill Payne October 16,1996 Abstract Wiegand wire access credentials are easy and inexpensive to counterfeit. Access Control & Security Systems Integration magazine, October 1996 [http://www/securitysolutions.com] published the article, Wiegand technology stands the test of time by PAUL J. BODELL, page 12 Many card and reader manufacturers offer Wiegand (pronounced wee-gand) output. However, only three companies in the world make Wiegand readers. Sensor Engineering of Hamden Conn., holds the patent for Wiegand, and Sensor has licensed Cardkey of Simi Valley, Calif., and Doduco of Pforzheim, Germany, to manufacture Wiegand cards and readers. ... A Wiegand output reader is not the same thing as a Wiegand reader, and it is important to understand the differences. In brief, Wiegand reader use the Wiegand effect to translate card information around the patented Wiegand effect in which a segment of a specially treated wire generates an electronic pulse when subjected to a specific magnetic field. If the pulse is generated when the wire is near a pick-up coil, the pulse can be detected by a circuit. Lining up several rows of wires and passing them by a cold would generate a series of pulses. Lining up two rows of wires - calling on row "zero bits" and the other "one bits" - and passing them by two different coils would generate two series of pulses, or data bits. These data bits can then be interpreted as binary data and used to control other devices. If you seal the coils in a rugged housing with properly placed magnets, and LED and some simple circuitry, you have a Wiegand reader. Carefully laminate the special wires in vinyl, and artwork, and hot-stamp a number on the vinyl, and you have a Wiegand card. IN THE BEGINNING Wiegand was first to introduce to the access control market in the late 1970s. It was immediately successful because it filled the need for durable, secure card and reader technology. Embedded in the cards, Wiegand wires cannot be altered or duplicated. ... Bodell's Last statement is incorrect. Tasks for EASILY counterfeiting Wiegand wire cards are 1 Locate the wires inside the card to read the 0s and 1s. 2 Build an ACCEPTABLE copy of the card. Bodell's clear explanation of the working of a Wiegand card can be visualized zero row | | | one row | | binary 0 1 0 0 1 representation Solutions to Task 1 A X-ray the card B MAGNI VIEW FILM, Mylar film reads magnetic fields ... Edmunds Scientific Company, catalog 16N1, page 205, C33,447 $11.75 is placed over the top of the Wiegand card. COW MAGNET, Cow magnetics allow farmers to trap metal in the stomachs of their cows. Edmunds, page 204, C31,101 $10.75 is placed under the card. Location of the wires is easily seen on the green film. Mark the position of the wires with a pen. Next chop the card vertically using a shear into about 80/1000s paper-match-sized strips. Don't worry about cutting a wire or two. Note that a 0 has the pen mark to the top. A 1 has the pen mark at the bottom. Take a business card and layout the "paper match"-like strips to counterfeit the card number desired. Don't worry about spacing. Wiegand output is self-clocking! Tape the "paper-match - like" strips to the business card. Only the FUNCTION of the card needs to be reproduced! History Breaking electronic locks was done as "work for others" at Sandia National Laboratories beginning in 1992 funded by the Federal Bureau of Investigation/Engineering Research Facility, Quantico, VA. The FBI opined that this work was SECRET/NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION. Details of the consequences of this work are covered in Fired Worker File Lawsuit Against Sandia Specialist Says He Balked When Lab Sought Electronic Picklock Software, Albuquer Journal, Sunday April 25, 1993 State-sanctioned paranoia, EE Times, January 22, 1996 One man's battle, EE Times, March 22, 1994 Damn the torpedoes, EE Times, June 6, 1994 Protecting properly classified info, EE Times, April 11, 1994 DOE to scrutinize fairness in old whistle-blower cases, Albuquerque Tribune, Nov 7 1995 DOE boss accelerates whistle-blower protection, Albuquerque Tribune, March 27, 1996 DOE doesn't plan to compensate 'old' whistle-blowers with money, Albuquerque Tribune September 27, 199