Maybe people have already noticed but the pre-release IE 4.0 has S/MIME encryption and signatures built in. I'm trying to set it up as we speak. Unfortunately Outlook Express does not seem to pick up the Outlook '97 address book so I haven't been able to add the sig to this message :-) Phillip M. Hallam-Baker Visitng Scientist MIT Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence. hallam@ai.mit.edu http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/hallam/hallam.html