One of the interesting passages comes at the end of the DOJ memo about obtaining Clipper keys pursuant to an interception: "These procedures do not create, and are not intended to create, any substantive rights for individuals intercepted through electronic surveillance, and noncompliance with these procedures shall not provide the basis for any motion to suppress or other objection to the introduction of electronic surveillance evidence lawfully acquired." What this means, apparently, is that keys or communications obtained through noncompliance with these procedures are nevertheless considered to be "lawfully acquired." No suppression of evidence. No civil suit. In other words, "if we break our rules, tough." --Mike