Kahn (1962) doesn't really explain why vital Magic intercepts and the 'winds' execute did not prevent the Pearl Harbour disaster. I just read 'Infamy' by John Toland (1982), containing 'proof' - very convincing, in my opinion - of the Pearl Harbour cover-up. The US president, selected members of his cabinette and a few admirals and generals knew - from Magic and the 'winds' execute, radio traffic analysis, diplomatic sources, double agents - exactly when and where the Japaneese were going to attack, but didn't warn Hawaii, fearing that too efficient counter-measures by the Oahu military might make the attack abort and so not convince the isolationists. The unexpected tactical capabilities of the Japaneese armada then made a cover-up all the more important. What has been revealed since? Are the views in Toland's book now 'official', established history, or what? Mats