Does Short-selling Discipline Earnings Manipulation?
   xNY.io recently collated international graduate scholar working notes
   coining the "[1]Crypto Computer Crimes Manual" (W/ 183 Highlights) as
   per best disclosure practices to illustrate various potential scenarios
   when market conditions are met and a Board of Directors potentially
   exploits blockchain technological software innovation with forecastable
   reckless consequences.
   The Disciplined Short Sellers Handbook serves as a Manual supplement
   ... Detailing the hypothesis  that short-selling has a disciplining
   role vis-à-vis the managers forcing them to reduce earning
   manipulation.
   Across 33 countries, the Handbook documents a significantly negative
   relationship between lending supply and activism in the short sell
   market and earnings manipulation.
   Collectively, findings suggest that short selling provides an external
   governance mechanism to discipline managerial incentives.
   xNY.io highlights that the authors of the faculty and research study
   confirm the main hypotheses and provide evidence of a beneficial effect
   of the short-selling market on the corporate market. In other words,
   short-selling generates a disciplining effect similar to the effect
   produced by the contestability of the firm in the context of M&As.
   In this regard, short selling contributes not only to the information
   environment of the market but also to the contracting institutions of
   the real economy. Suggesting that in general the disciplining role of
   short-selling is the strongest for firms with weak internal governance
   or less transparent information environments.
   We share 58 highlights to the Handbook as a disclosure technique,
   foreshadowing  xNY.io's disciplined approach to trading in the near
   term (subject to regulatory scrutiny):
   [2]https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aLcmN5c2PJiqHYR5dy8C8qMNVyclw8lu/vi
   ew?usp=drivesdk

References

   1. https://thecapital.io/article/crypto-computer-crimes-manual-w183-highlights-Mj17zgV81Qw6GJsfrtm
   2. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aLcmN5c2PJiqHYR5dy8C8qMNVyclw8lu/view?usp=drivesdk