Yes, it's a rather open secret that LN channel abuse, esp. using Hub
   architecture,  can do FR just link banks.
   [1]https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/56ehi1/fractional_reserve_
   on_lightning_network/
   By never closing channels it difficult to detect what's going on.

   On Jan 7, 2018 6:41 PM, "juan" <[2]juan.g71@gmail.com> wrote:

     On Sun, 7 Jan 2018 18:32:19 -0800
     Steven Schear <[3]schear.steve@gmail.com> wrote:
     > The way payment channels can be reasonably used enables fractional
     > reserve abuses.
             Are you sure? As far as I know,  one of the main selling
     points
             of the LN is that it uses...bitcoins. So it's impossible to
             open a channel/make a payment except by starting with an on
             chain transaction. In other words, LN transactions are
     backed
             1:1 with real bitcoins.
     >
     > On Jan 7, 2018 6:24 PM, "juan" <[4]juan.g71@gmail.com> wrote:
     >
     > > On Sun, 7 Jan 2018 17:38:02 -0800
     > > Steven Schear <[5]schear.steve@gmail.com> wrote:
     > >
     > > > Off-chain, once solid tech that isn't a
     > > > backdoor for CBs and WS (as LN appears to be), should easily
     > > > compete with VISA.
     > >
     > >
     > >         how is lightning network a backdoor for central banks?
     > >
     > >
     > >

References

   1. https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/56ehi1/fractional_reserve_on_lightning_network/
   2. mailto:juan.g71@gmail.com
   3. mailto:schear.steve@gmail.com
   4. mailto:juan.g71@gmail.com
   5. mailto:schear.steve@gmail.com