From: Razer >With links: >[1]https://www.justsecurity.org/40672/constitutional-rubicon-assange-p rosecution/ > > Elizabeth Goitein co-directs the Brennan Center for Justice’s Liberty > and National Security Program. Before joining the Brennan Center, Ms. > Goitein served as counsel to Sen. Russ Feingold and as a trial > attorney in the Federal Programs Branch of the Civil Division of the > Department of Justice. From that article: "And if they knowingly print information that presents a “clear and present danger” to public safety—the equivalent of incitement, or of yelling “fire” in a crowded theater—they could [2]presumably be prosecuted (although no such prosecution has ever taken place)." [end of quote] No, the "clear and present danger" test [3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger , to the extent it had any validity at all, was overturned in 1969 by Brandenburg v. Ohio. [4]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_v._Ohio "The U.S. Supreme Court reversed Brandenburg's conviction, holding that government cannot constitutionally punish abstract advocacy of force or law violation. The majority opinion was [5]per curiam (issued from the Court as an institution rather than as authored and signed by an individual justice). The earlier draft had originally been prepared by Justice [6]Abe Fortas before he was forced to resign in the midst of an ethics scandal, and would have included a modified version of the [7]clear and present danger test. In finalizing the draft, Justice Brennan eliminated all references to it, substituting instead the "imminent lawless action" language.^[8][10] Justices Black and Douglas concurred separately." As stated in the [9]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger "Antiwar protests during World War I gave rise to several important free speech cases related to sedition and inciting violence. In the 1919 case [10]Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court held that an antiwar activist did not have a First Amendment right to advocate [11]draft resistance.^[12][3]^[13][4] In his majority opinion, [14]Justice Holmes introduced the clear and present danger test, which would become an important concept in First Amendment law; but the Schenck decision did not formally adopt the test.^[15][3] Holmes later wrote that he intended the clear and present danger test to refine, not replace, the bad tendency test.^[16][5]^[17][6] Although sometimes mentioned in subsequent rulings, the clear and present danger test was never endorsed by the Supreme Court as a test to be used by lower courts when evaluating the constitutionality of legislation that regulated speech. Jim Bell References 1. https://www.justsecurity.org/40672/constitutional-rubicon-assange-prosecution/ 2. http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2959&context=journal_articles 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_v._Ohio 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_curiam 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abe_Fortas 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_v._Ohio#cite_note-10 9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger 10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schenck_v._United_States 11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_resistance 12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger#cite_note-Killian.2C_p_1093-3 13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger#cite_note-4 14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes,_Jr. 15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger#cite_note-Killian.2C_p_1093-3 16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger#cite_note-Dunlap-5 17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_and_present_danger#cite_note-6