Malcolm X - On February 21, 1965, he was assassinated in New York City.

[Gunnar Larson]

xNY.io - Bank.org

Gunnar
---

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X

Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; May 19,
1925 – February 21, 1965) was an American Muslim minister and human rights
activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. A
spokesman for the Nation of Islam (NOI) until 1964, he was a vocal advocate
for Black empowerment and the promotion of Islam within the Black
community. A posthumous autobiography, on which he collaborated with Alex
Haley, was published in 1965.

Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series of foster homes
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster_home> or with relatives after his
father's death and his mother's hospitalization. He committed various
crimes, being sentenced to 8 to 10 years in prison in 1946 for larceny
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larceny> and burglary. In prison, he
joined the Nation of Islam, adopting the name Malcolm X to symbolize his
unknown African ancestral surname while discarding "the White slavemaster
name <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_name> of 'Little'", and after
his parole in 1952 quickly became one of the organization's most
influential leaders. He was the public face of the organization for 12
years, advocating Black empowerment and separation of Black and White
Americans <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_separatism>, and
criticizing Martin Luther King Jr.
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr.> and the mainstream
civil rights movement for its emphasis on nonviolence and racial integration
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_integration>. Malcolm X also
expressed pride in some of the Nation's social welfare achievements, such
as its free drug rehabilitation
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation> program. From the
1950s onward, Malcolm X was subjected to surveillance by the Federal Bureau
of Investigation
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation> (FBI).

In the 1960s, Malcolm X began to grow disillusioned with the Nation of
Islam, as well as with its leader, Elijah Muhammad
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Muhammad>. He subsequently
embraced Sunni
Islam <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam> and the civil rights
movement after completing the Hajj <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj>
 to Mecca <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca> and became known as "
el-Hajj <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Hajj> Malik el-Shabazz," which
roughly translates to "The Pilgrim Malcolm the Patriarch". After a brief
period of travel across Africa, he publicly renounced the Nation of Islam
and founded the Islamic Muslim Mosque, Inc.
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Mosque,_Inc.> (MMI) and the
Pan-African <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Africanism> Organization
of Afro-American Unity
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_Afro-American_Unity> (OAAU).
Throughout 1964, his conflict with the Nation of Islam intensified, and he
was repeatedly sent death threats. On February 21, 1965, he was
assassinated in New York City
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Malcolm_X>. Three Nation
members were charged with the murder and given indeterminate life sentences
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_the_United_States>;
in 2021, two of the convictions were vacated. Speculation about the
assassination and whether it was conceived or aided by leading or
additional members of the Nation, or with law enforcement agencies, has
persisted for decades.

A controversial figure accused of preaching racism and violence, Malcolm X
is also a widely celebrated figure within African American and Muslim
American communities for his pursuit of racial justice. He was posthumously
honored with Malcolm X Day <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X_Day>,
on which he is commemorated in various cities across the United States.
Hundreds of streets and schools in the U.S. have been renamed in his honor,
while the Audubon Ballroom
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audubon_Ballroom>, the site of his
assassination, was partly redeveloped in 2005 to accommodate the Malcolm X
and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X_and_Dr._Betty_Shabazz_Memorial_and_Educational_Center>
.
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