Cryptocurrency: Crypto Anarchism

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Parallel Polis, or the Institute of cryptoanarchy in Prague, 2022

Crypto-anarchism or cyberanarchism[1] is a political ideology focusing
on protection of privacy, political freedom, and economic freedom, the
adherents of which use cryptographic software for confidentiality and
security while sending and receiving information over computer
networks.[2][3] In his 1988 "Crypto Anarchist Manifesto", Timothy C.
May introduced the basic principles of crypto-anarchism, encrypted
exchanges ensuring total anonymity, total freedom of speech, and total
freedom to trade. In 1992, he read the text at the founding meeting of
the cypherpunk movement.[4]
Terminology

"Crypto-" comes from the Ancient Greek κρυπτός kruptós, meaning
"hidden" or "secret".[5] This is a different use of the prefix than
that employed in words like 'crypto-fascist' or 'crypto-Jew' where it
indicates that the identity itself is concealed from the world;
rather, many crypto-anarchists are open about their anarchism and
promotion of tools based in cryptology.
Motives

One motive of crypto-anarchists is to defend against surveillance of
computer networks communication. Crypto-anarchists try to protect
against government mass surveillance, such as PRISM, ECHELON, Tempora,
telecommunications data retention, the NSA warrantless surveillance
controversy, Room 641A, the FRA and so on. Crypto-anarchists consider
the development and use of cryptography to be the main defense against
such problems.[6]
Anonymous trading

Bitcoin is a currency generated and secured by peer-to-peer networked
devices that maintain a communal record of all transactions within the
system that can be used in a crypto-anarchic context. Adrian Chen,
writing for The New York Times, says the idea behind bitcoin can be
traced to The Crypto Anarchist Manifesto.[7] Silk Road was an example
of an illegal drug market on which bitcoin was the only accepted
currency.[7]

Assassination Market was a Tor-based darknet market operated by a
self-described crypto-anarchist going by the pseudonym Kuwabatake
Sanjuro.[8]

In The Cyphernomicon, Timothy C. May suggests that crypto-anarchism
qualifies as a form of anarcho-capitalism:

    What emerges from this is unclear, but I think it will be a form
of anarcho-capitalist market system I call "crypto-anarchy."[9]

Another quote in The Cyphernomicon defines crypto-anarchism. Under the
title "What is Crypto Anarchy?", May writes:

    Some of us believe various forms of strong cryptography will cause
the power of the state to decline, perhaps even collapse fairly
abruptly. We believe the expansion into cyberspace, with secure
communications, digital money, anonymity and pseudonymity, and other
crypto-mediated interactions, will profoundly change the nature of
economies and social interactions. Governments will have a hard time
collecting taxes, regulating the behavior of individuals and
corporations (small ones at least), and generally coercing folks when
it can't even tell what continent folks are on![10]

See also

    Jim Bell — originator of the idea of assassination politics
    Cypherpunk
    Technolibertarianism

Notes

    "What does cyberanarchism mean?". www.definitions.net. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
    May, Timothy C. (December 2014). "Crypto Anarchy and Virtual
Communities". Archived from the original on 2021-01-29. Retrieved
2021-01-22.
    Cryptoanarchism and Cryptocurrencies. Philosophy & Methodology of
Economics eJournal. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Accessed
29 March 2021.
    "The Crypto Anarchist Manifesto". www.activism.net. Archived from
the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
    May 1994, section 19.4.29.
    Albano, Alessandra (2019-09-29). "Autonomous Distributed Networks:
The Unfulfilled Libertarian Dream of Breaking Free from Regulations".
Rochester, NY. SSRN 3461166.
    Chen, Adrian (26 November 2013). "Much Ado About Bitcoin".
International New York Times. Archived from the original on 10
December 2013.
    Greenberg, Andy (18 November 2013), "Meet the 'Assassination
Market' Creator Who's Crowdfunding Murder with Bitcoins", Forbes,
archived from the original on 10 December 2013
    May 1994, section 2.3.4.
    May 1994, section 2.13.1.

Works cited

    May, Timothy C. (1994), The Cyphernomicon, archived from the
original on 22 August 2013

Further reading

    Barlow, John Perry (February 1996), A Declaration of the
Independence of Cyberspace, archived from the original on 23 October
2013
    Vinge, Vernor; Frankel, James (2001), True Names: And the Opening
of the Cyberspace Frontier, Tor Books
    Jara Vera, Vicente (2022), New Directions in Crypto-Politics

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Libertarianism
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Books	

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    coin Libertarianism portal
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Categories:

    Crypto-anarchism
    Computer law
    Applications of cryptography

    This page was last edited on 28 September 2022, at 18:18 (UTC).
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