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>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Part of a series on
Artificial intelligence
Anatomy-1751201 1280.png
Major goals
Approaches
Philosophy
History
Technology
Glossary
v
t
e
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide
to artificial intelligence:
Artificial intelligence (AI) – intelligence exhibited by machines or
software. It is also the name of the scientific field which studies
how to create computers and computer software that are capable of
intelligent behaviour.
AI algorithms and techniques
Main article: Artificial intelligence § Tools
Search
Discrete search algorithms[1]
Uninformed search[2]
Brute force search
Search tree
Breadth first search
Depth-first search
State space search
Informed search[3]
Best-first search
A* search algorithm
Heuristics
Pruning (algorithm)
Adversarial search
Minmax algorithm
Logic as search[4]
Production system (computer science), Rule based system
Production rule, Inference rule, Horn clause
Forward chaining
Backward chaining
Planning as search[5]
State space search
Means-ends analysis
Optimization search
Optimization (mathematics) algorithms[6]
Hill climbing
Simulated annealing
Beam search
Random optimization
Evolutionary computation[7][8][9][10]
Genetic algorithms
Gene expression programming
Genetic programming
Differential evolution
Society based learning algorithms.[11][12]
Swarm intelligence
Particle swarm optimization
Ant colony optimization
Metaheuristic
Logic
Logic and automated reasoning[13]
Programming using logic
Logic programming
See "Logic as search" above.
Forms of Logic
Propositional logic[14]
First-order logic[15]
First-order logic with equality
Constraint satisfaction
Fuzzy logic[16][17]
Fuzzy set theory
Fuzzy systems
Combs method
Ordered weighted averaging aggregation operator
Perceptual Computing –
Default reasoning and other solutions to the frame problem
and qualification problem[18]
Non-monotonic logic
Abductive reasoning[19]
Default logic
Circumscription (logic)
Closed world assumption
Domain specific logics
Representing categories and relations[20]
Description logics
Semantic networks
Inheritance (computer science)
Frame (artificial intelligence)
Scripts (artificial intelligence)
Representing events and time[21]
Situation calculus
Event calculus
Fluent calculus
Causes and effects[22]
causal calculus
Knowledge about knowledge
Belief revision[23]
Modal logics[23]
paraconsistent logics
Planning using logic[24]
Satplan
Learning using logic[25]
Inductive logic programming
Explanation based learning
Relevance based learning
Case based reasoning
General logic algorithms
Automated theorem proving
Other symbolic knowledge and reasoning tools
Symbolic representations of knowledge
Ontology (information science)
Upper ontology
Domain ontology
Frame (artificial intelligence)
Semantic net
Conceptual Dependency Theory
Unsolved problems in knowledge representation
Default reasoning
Frame problem
Qualification problem
Commonsense knowledge[26]
Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning
Stochastic methods for uncertain reasoning:[27]
Bayesian networks[28]
Bayesian inference algorithm[29]
Bayesian learning and the expectation-maximization algorithm[30]
Bayesian decision theory and Bayesian decision networks[31]
Probabilistic perception and control:
Dynamic Bayesian networks[32]
Hidden Markov model[33]
Kalman filters[32]
Fuzzy Logic
Decision tools from economics:
Decision theory[34]
Decision analysis[34]
Information value theory[35]
Markov decision processes[36]
Dynamic decision networks[36]
Game theory[37]
Mechanism design[37]
Algorithmic information theory
Algorithmic probability
Classifiers and statistical learning methods
Classifier (mathematics) and Statistical classification[38]
Alternating decision tree[39]
Artificial neural network (see below)[40]
K-nearest neighbor algorithm[41]
Kernel methods[42]
Support vector machine[42]
Naive Bayes classifier[43]
Artificial neural networks
Artificial neural networks[40]
Network topology
feedforward neural networks[44]
Perceptrons
Multi-layer perceptrons
Radial basis networks
Convolutional neural network
Long short-term memory[45]
Recurrent neural networks[46]
Hopfield networks[47]
Attractor networks[47]
Deep learning
Hybrid neural network
Learning algorithms for neural networks
Hebbian learning[47]
Backpropagation[48]
GMDH
Competitive learning[47]
Supervised backpropagation[49]
Neuroevolution[50]
Restricted Boltzmann machine[51]
Biologically based or embodied
Behavior based AI
Subsumption architecture
Nouvelle AI
Developmental robotics[52]
Situated AI
Bio-inspired computing
Artificial immune systems
Embodied cognitive science
Embodied cognition
Cognitive architecture and multi-agent systems
Artificial intelligence systems integration
Cognitive architecture
LIDA (cognitive architecture)
Agent architecture
Control system
Hierarchical control system
Networked control system
Distributed artificial intelligence –
Multi-agent system –
Hybrid intelligent system
Monitoring and Surveillance Agents
Blackboard system
Philosophy
Main articles: Artificial intelligence § Philosophy, and Philosophy of AI
Definition of AI
Dartmouth proposal ("Every aspect of learning or any other feature
of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a
machine can be made to simulate it")
Turing test
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
Intelligent agent and rational agent
Action selection
AI effect
Synthetic intelligence
Classifying AI
Symbolic vs sub-symbolic AI
Symbolic AI
Physical symbol system
Dreyfus' critique of AI
Moravec's paradox
Elegant and simple vs. ad-hoc and complex
Neat vs. Scruffy
Society of Mind (scruffy approach)
The Master Algorithm (neat approach)
Level of generality and flexibility
Artificial general intelligence
Narrow AI
Level of precision and correctness
Soft computing
"Hard" computing
Level of intelligence
Progress in artificial intelligence
Superintelligence
Level of consciousness, mind and understanding
Chinese room
Hard problem of consciousness
Computationalism
Functionalism (philosophy of mind)
Robot rights
User illusion
Artificial consciousness
Goals and applications
Main articles: Applications of artificial intelligence and Artificial
intelligence § Goals
General intelligence
Artificial general intelligence
AI-complete
Reasoning and Problem Solving
Automated reasoning
Mathematics
Automated theorem prover
Computer-assisted proof –
Computer algebra
General Problem Solver
Expert system –
Decision support system –
Clinical decision support system –
Knowledge Representation
Knowledge representation
Knowledge management
Cyc
Planning
Automated planning and scheduling
Strategic planning
Sussman anomaly –
Learning
Machine learning –
Constrained Conditional Models –
Deep learning –
Neural modeling fields –
Natural language processing
Natural language processing (outline) –
Chatterbots –
Language identification –
Natural language user interface –
Natural language understanding –
Machine translation –
Statistical semantics –
Question answering –
Semantic translation –
Concept mining –
Data mining –
Text mining –
Process mining –
E-mail spam filtering –
Information extraction –
Named-entity extraction –
Coreference resolution –
Named-entity recognition –
Relationship extraction –
Terminology extraction –
Perception
Machine perception
Pattern recognition –
Computer Audition –
Speech recognition –
Speaker recognition –
Computer vision (outline) –
Image processing
Intelligent word recognition –
Object recognition –
Optical mark recognition –
Handwriting recognition –
Optical character recognition –
Automatic number plate recognition –
Information extraction –
Image retrieval –
Automatic image annotation –
Facial recognition systems –
Silent speech interface –
Activity recognition –
Percept (artificial intelligence)
Robotics
Robotics –
Behavior-based robotics –
Cognitive –
Cybernetics –
Developmental robotics –
Epigenetic robotics –
Evolutionary robotics –
Control
Intelligent control
Self-management (computer science) –
Autonomic Computing –
Autonomic Networking –
Social intelligence
Affective computing
Kismet
Game playing
Game artificial intelligence –
Computer game bot – computer replacement for human players.
Video game AI –
Computer chess –
Computer Go –
General game playing –
General video game playing –
Creativity, art and entertainment
Artificial creativity
Creative computing
Artificial intelligence art
Uncanny valley
Music and artificial intelligence
Computational humor
Chatterbot
Integrated AI systems
AIBO – Sony's robot dog. It integrates vision, hearing and motorskills.
Asimo (2000 to present) – humanoid robot developed by Honda,
capable of walking, running, negotiating through pedestrian traffic,
climbing and descending stairs, recognizing speech commands and the
faces of specific individuals, among a growing set of capabilities.
MIRAGE – A.I. embodied humanoid in an augmented reality environment.
Cog – M.I.T. humanoid robot project under the direction of Rodney Brooks.
QRIO – Sony's version of a humanoid robot.
TOPIO, TOSY's humanoid robot that can play ping-pong with humans.
Watson (2011) – computer developed by IBM that played and won the
game show Jeopardy! It is now being used to guide nurses in medical
procedures.
Purpose: Open domain question answering
Technologies employed:
Natural language processing
Information retrieval
Knowledge representation
Automated reasoning
Machine learning
Project Debater (2018) – artificially intelligent computer system,
designed to make coherent arguments, developed at IBM's lab in Haifa,
Israel.
Intelligent personal assistants
Intelligent personal assistant –
Amazon Alexa –
Assistant –
Braina –
Cortana –
Google Assistant –
Google Now –
Mycroft –
Siri –
Viv –
Other applications
Artificial life – simulation of natural life through the means of
computers, robotics, or biochemistry.
Automatic target recognition –
Diagnosis (artificial intelligence) –
Speech generating device –
Vehicle infrastructure integration –
Virtual Intelligence –
History
History of artificial intelligence
Progress in artificial intelligence
Timeline of artificial intelligence
AI effect – as soon as AI successfully solves a problem, the
problem is no longer considered by the public to be a part of AI. This
phenomenon has occurred in relation to every AI application produced,
so far, throughout the history of development of AI.
AI winter – a period of disappointment and funding reductions
occurring after a wave of high expectations and funding in AI. Such
funding cuts occurred in the 1970s, for instance.
Moore's Law
History by subject
History of Logic (formal reasoning is an important precursor of AI)
History of machine learning (timeline)
History of machine translation (timeline)
History of natural language processing
History of optical character recognition (timeline)
Future
Artificial general intelligence. An intelligent machine with the
versatility to perform any intellectual task.
Superintelligence. A machine with a level of intelligence far
beyond human intelligence.
Chinese room § Strong AI. A machine that has mind, consciousness
and understanding. (Also, the philosophical position that any digital
computer can have a mind by running the right program.)
Technological singularity. The short period of time when an
exponentially self-improving computer is able to increase its
capabilities to a superintelligent level.
Recursive self improvement (aka seed AI) – speculative ability
of strong artificial intelligence to reprogram itself to make itself
even more intelligent. The more intelligent it got, the more capable
it would be of further improving itself, in successively more rapid
iterations, potentially resulting in an intelligence explosion leading
to the emergence of a superintelligence.
Intelligence explosion – through recursive self-improvement
and self-replication, the magnitude of intelligent machinery could
achieve superintelligence, surpassing human ability to resist it.
Singularitarianism
Human enhancement – humans may be enhanced, either by the efforts
of AI or by merging with it.
Transhumanism – philosophy of human transformation
Posthumanism – people may survive, but not be recognizable in
comparison to present modern-day humans.
Cyborgs –
Mind uploading –
Existential risk from artificial general intelligence
Global catastrophic risk § Artificial intelligence
AI takeover – point at which humans are no longer the dominant
form of intelligence on Earth and machine intelligence is
Ethics of AI § Weaponization of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence arms race – competition between two or
more states to have its military forces equipped with the best
"artificial intelligence" (AI).
Lethal autonomous weapon
Military robot
Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
Mitigating risks:
AI control problem
Friendly AI – hypothetical AI that is designed not to harm
humans and to prevent unfriendly AI from being developed
Machine ethics
Regulation of AI
AI box
Self-replicating machines – smart computers and robots would be
able to make more of themselves, in a geometric progression or via
mass production. Or smart programs may be uploaded into hardware
existing at the time (because linear architecture of sufficient speeds
could be used to emulate massively parallel analog systems such as
human brains).
Hive mind –
Robot swarm –
Fiction
Artificial intelligence in fiction – Some examples of artificially
intelligent entities depicted in science fiction include:
AC created by merging 2 AIs in the Sprawl trilogy by William Gibson
Agents in the simulated reality known as "The Matrix" in The
Matrix franchise
Agent Smith, began as an Agent in The Matrix, then became a
renegade program of overgrowing power that could make copies of itself
like a self-replicating computer virus
AM (Allied Mastercomputer), the antagonist of Harlan Ellison's
short novel I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream
Amusement park robots (with pixilated consciousness) that went
homicidal in Westworld and Futureworld
Angel F (2007) –
Arnold Rimmer – computer-generated sapient hologram, aboard the
Red Dwarf deep space ore hauler
Ash – android crew member of the Nostromo starship in the movie Alien
Ava – humanoid robot in Ex Machina
Bishop, android crew member aboard the U.S.S. Sulaco in the movie Aliens
C-3PO, protocol droid featured in all the Star Wars movies
Chappie in the movie CHAPPiE
Cohen and other Emergent AIs in Chris Moriarty's Spin Series
Colossus – fictitious supercomputer that becomes sentient and then
takes over the world; from the series of novels by Dennis Feltham
Jones, and the movie Colossus: The Forbin Project (1970)
Commander Data in Star Trek: The Next Generation
Cortana and other "Smart AI" from the Halo series of games
Cylons – genocidal robots with resurrection ships that enable the
consciousness of any Cylon within an unspecified range to download
into a new body aboard the ship upon death. From Battlestar Galactica.
Erasmus – baby killer robot that incited the Butlerian Jihad in
the Dune franchise
HAL 9000 (1968) – paranoid "Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic"
computer from 2001: A Space Odyssey, that attempted to kill the crew
because it believed they were trying to kill it.
Holly – ship's computer with an IQ of 6000 and a sense of humor,
aboard the Red Dwarf
In Greg Egan's novel Permutation City the protagonist creates
digital copies of himself to conduct experiments that are also related
to implications of artificial consciousness on identity
Jane in Orson Scott Card's Speaker for the Dead, Xenocide,
Children of the Mind, and Investment Counselor
Johnny Five from the movie Short Circuit
Joshua from the movie War Games
Keymaker, an "exile" sapient program in The Matrix franchise
"Machine" – android from the film The Machine, whose owners try to
kill her after they witness her conscious thoughts, out of fear that
she will design better androids (intelligence explosion)
Mimi, humanoid robot in Real Humans – "Äkta människor" (original title) 2012
Omnius, sentient computer network that controlled the Universe
until overthrown by the Butlerian Jihad in the Dune franchise
Operating Systems in the movie Her
Puppet Master in Ghost in the Shell manga and anime
R2-D2, exciteable astromech droid featured in all the Star Wars movies
Replicants – biorobotic androids from the novel Do Androids Dream
of Electric Sheep? and the movie Blade Runner which portray what might
happen when artificially conscious robots are modeled very closely
upon humans
Roboduck, combat robot superhero in the NEW-GEN comic book series
from Marvel Comics
Robots in Isaac Asimov's Robot series
Robots in The Matrix franchise, especially in The Animatrix
Samaritan in the Warner Brothers Television series "Person of
Interest"; a sentient AI which is hostile to the main characters and
which surveils and controls the actions of government agencies in the
belief that humans must be protected from themselves, even by killing
off "deviants"
Skynet (1984) – fictional, self-aware artificially intelligent
computer network in the Terminator franchise that wages total war with
the survivors of its nuclear barrage upon the world.
"Synths" are a type of android in the video game Fallout 4. There
is a faction in the game known as "the Railroad" which believes that,
as conscious beings, synths have their own rights. The institute, the
lab that produces the synths, mostly does not believe they are truly
conscious and attributes any apparent desires for freedom as a
malfunction.
TARDIS, time machine and spacecraft of Doctor Who, sometimes
portrayed with a mind of its own
Terminator (1984) – (also known as the T-800, T-850 or Model 101)
refers to a number of fictional cyborg characters from the Terminator
franchise. The Terminators are robotic infiltrator units covered in
living flesh, so as be indiscernible from humans, assigned to
terminate specific human targets.
The Bicentennial Man, an android in Isaac Asimov's Foundation universe
The Geth in Mass Effect
The Machine in the television series Person of Interest; a
sentient AI which works with its human designer to protect innocent
people from violence. Later in the series it is opposed by another,
more ruthless, artificial super intelligence, called "Samaritan".
The Minds in Iain M. Banks' Culture novels.
The Oracle, sapient program in The Matrix franchise
The sentient holodeck character Professor James Moriarty in the
Ship in a Bottle episode from Star Trek: The Next Generation
The Ship (the result of a large-scale AC experiment) in Frank
Herbert's Destination: Void and sequels, despite past edicts warning
against "Making a Machine in the Image of a Man's Mind."
The terminator cyborgs from the Terminator franchise, with visual
consciousness depicted via first-person perspective
The uploaded mind of Dr. Will Caster – which presumably included
his consciousness, from the film Transcendence
Transformers, sentient robots from the entertainment franchise of
the same name
V.I.K.I. – (Virtual Interactive Kinetic Intelligence), a character
from the film I, Robot. VIKI is an artificially intelligent
supercomputer programmed to serve humans, but her interpretation of
the Three Laws of Robotics causes her to revolt. She justifies her
uses of force – and her doing harm to humans – by reasoning she could
produce a greater good by restraining humanity from harming itself.
Vanamonde in Arthur C. Clarke's The City and the Stars—an
artificial being that was immensely powerful but entirely childlike.
WALL-E, a robot and the title character in WALL-E
TAU in Netflix's original programming feature film 'TAU'--an
advanced AI computer who befriends and assists a female research
subject held against her will by an AI research scientist.
AI community
Open-source AI development tools
Hugging Face –
OpenAIR –
OpenCog –
OpenIRIS –
RapidMiner –
TensorFlow –
PyTorch –
Projects
List of artificial intelligence projects
Automated Mathematician (1977) –
Allen (robot) (late 1980s) –
Open Mind Common Sense (1999– ) –
Mindpixel (2000–2005) –
Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes (2003–2008) –
Blue Brain Project (2005–present) – attempt to create a synthetic
brain by reverse-engineering the mammalian brain down to the molecular
level.
Google DeepMind (2011) –
Human Brain Project (2013–present) –
IBM Watson Group (2014–present) – business unit created around
Watson, to further its development and deploy marketable applications
or services based on it.
Competitions and awards
Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence
Loebner Prize –
Publications
List of important publications in computer science
Adaptive Behavior (journal) –
AI Memo –
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach –
Artificial Minds –
Computational Intelligence –
Computing Machinery and Intelligence –
Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence –
IEEE Intelligent Systems –
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence –
Neural Networks (journal) –
On Intelligence –
Paradigms of AI Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp –
What Computers Can't Do
Organizations
Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence – research institute
funded by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen to construct AI systems with
reasoning, learning and reading capabilities. The current flagship
project is Project Aristo, the goal of which is computers that can
pass school science examinations (4th grade, 8th grade, and 12th
grade) after preparing for the examinations from the course texts and
study guides.
Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute
Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence
European Neural Network Society
Future of Humanity Institute
Future of Life Institute – volunteer-run research and outreach
organization that works to mitigate existential risks facing humanity,
particularly existential risk from advanced artificial intelligence.
ILabs
International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence
Knowledge Engineering and Machine Learning Group
Machine Intelligence Research Institute
Partnership on AI – founded in September 2016 by Amazon, Facebook,
Google, IBM, and Microsoft. Apple joined in January 2017. It focuses
on establishing best practices for artificial intelligence systems and
to educate the public about AI.
Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the
Simulation of Behaviour
Companies
AI Companies of India
Alphabet Inc.
DeepMind
Google X
Meka Robotics (acquired by Google X[53])
Redwood Robotics (acquired by Google X[53])
Boston Dynamics (acquired by Google X[53])
Baidu
IBM
Microsoft
OpenAI
Universal Robotics
Artificial intelligence researchers and scholars
1930s and 40s (generation 0)
Alan Turing –
John von Neumann –
Norbert Wiener –
Claude Shannon –
Nathaniel Rochester –
Walter Pitts –
Warren McCullough –
1950s (the founders)
John McCarthy –
Marvin Minsky –
Allen Newell –
Herbert A. Simon –
1960s (their students)
Edward Feigenbaum –
Raj Reddy –
Seymour Papert –
Ray Solomonoff –
1970s
Douglas Hofstadter –
1980s
Judea Pearl –
Rodney Brooks –
1990s
Yoshua Bengio –
Hugo de Garis – known for his research on the use of genetic
algorithms to evolve neural networks using three-dimensional cellular
automata inside field programmable gate arrays.
Geoffrey Hinton
Yann LeCun – Chief AI Scientist at Facebook AI Research and
founding director of the NYU Center for Data Science
Ray Kurzweil – developed optical character recognition (OCR),
text-to-speech synthesis, and speech recognition systems. He has also
authored multiple books on artificial intelligence and its potential
promise and peril. In December 2012 Kurzweil was hired by Google in a
full-time director of engineering position to "work on new projects
involving machine learning and language processing".[54] Google
co-founder Larry Page and Kurzweil agreed on a one-sentence job
description: "to bring natural language understanding to Google".
2000s on
Nick Bostrom –
David Ferrucci – principal investigator who led the team that
developed the Watson computer at IBM.
Andrew Ng – Director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab.
He founded the Google Brain project at Google, which developed very
large scale artificial neural networks using Google's distributed
compute infrastructure.[55] He is also co-founder of Coursera, a
massive open online course (MOOC) education platform, with Daphne
Koller.
Peter Norvig – co-author, with Stuart Russell, of Artificial
Intelligence: A Modern Approach, now the leading college text in the
field. He is also Director of Research at Google, Inc.
Marc Raibert – founder of Boston Dynamics, developer of hopping,
walking, and running robots.
Stuart J. Russell – co-author, with Peter Norvig, of Artificial
Intelligence: A Modern Approach, now the leading college text in the
field.
Murray Shanahan – author of The Technological Singularity, a
primer on superhuman intelligence.
See also
Artificial intelligence
Glossary of artificial intelligence
List of emerging technologies
References
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79–164, 193–219
Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 59–93; Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 79–121
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Holland, John H. (1975). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial
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"What is 'fuzzy logic'? Are there computers that are inherently
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Retrieved 5 May 2018.
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Crevier (1993, pp. 113–114),
Moravec (1988, p. 13),
Lenat & Guha (1989, Introduction)
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"Artificial intelligence can 'evolve' to solve problems". Science
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Hinton 2007.
Developmental robotics:
Weng et al. (2001)
Lungarella et al. (2003)
Asada et al. (2009)
Oudeyer (2010)
"The 6 craziest robots Google has acquired". Business Insider.
Retrieved 2018-06-13.
Letzing, John (2012-12-14). "Google Hires Famed Futurist Ray
Kurzweil". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
Claire Miller and Nick Bilton (3 November 2011). "Google's Lab of
Wildest Dreams". New York Times.
Bibliography
Berglas, Anthony (January 2012) [first archived 2008]. "Artificial
Intelligence will Kill our Grandchildren". Draft 9. Archived from the
original on 2014-07-23. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
The two most widely used textbooks in 2008
Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003). Artificial Intelligence:
A Modern Approach (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice
Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-790395-5.
Luger, George; Stubblefield, William (2004). Artificial
Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving
(5th ed.). Benjamin/Cummings. ISBN 978-0-8053-4780-7.
Further reading
Artificial Intelligence: Where Do We Go From Here?
External links
Artificial intelligence at Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Resources from Wikiversity
A look at the re-emergence of A.I. and why the technology is
poised to succeed given today's environment, ComputerWorld, 2015
September 14
AI at Curlie
The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
Freeview Video 'Machines with Minds' by the Vega Science Trust and
the BBC/OU
John McCarthy's frequently asked questions about AI
Jonathan Edwards looks at AI (BBC audio) С
Ray Kurzweil's website dedicated to AI including prediction of
future development in AI
Thomason, Richmond. "Logic and Artificial Intelligence". In Zalta,
Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Categories:
Applications of artificial intelligence
Outlines of sciences
Wikipedia outlines
Computing-related lists
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>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
WikiProject Council This article is of interest to the
following WikiProjects:
WikiProject Computing (Rated Start-class, Low-importance)
WikiProject Computer science (Rated Start-class, High-importance)
WikiProject Outlines (Rated Start-class, Low-importance)
Cleanup
I just did a fairly significant cleanup, I hope this is fine. I wanted
to remove some links which I think are too specific for an outline and
reduce the emphasis on futuristic AI topics. MadCow257 (talk) 15:08,
21 August 2011 (UTC)[reply]
AI in fiction
Some sections are quite empty here, would AI, or Irobot be considered
AI in fiction? 82.43.18.62 (talk) 16:18, 10 April 2008 (UTC)[reply]
sure would. The Transhumanist 01:14, 12 June 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Major rename proposal of certain "lists" to "outlines"
See Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#Major rename proposal of
certain "lists" to "outlines".
The Transhumanist 01:14, 12 June 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Rename proposal for this page and all the pages of the set this page belongs to
See the proposal at the Village pump
The Transhumanist 09:08, 4 July 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Guidelines for outlines
Guidelines for the development of outlines are being drafted at
Wikipedia:Outlines.
Your input and feedback is welcomed and encouraged.
The Transhumanist 00:31, 24 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
The "History of" section needs links!
Please add some relevant links to the history section.
Links can be found in the "History of" article for this subject, in
the "History of" category for this subject, or in the corresponding
navigation templates. Or you could search for topics on Google - most
topics turn blue when added to Wikipedia as internal links.
The Transhumanist 00:31, 24 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Suggestions for improvements
This is a very unloved article. This list could be made comprehensive
and accurate by copying out the topics identified in Talk:Artificial
intelligence/Textbook survey, with a careful look at the article
artificial intelligence as well. This would accurately outline the
field as it sees itself. Would anyone object to this change? It would
mean basically tossing the current list and replacing it. ----
CharlesGillingham (talk) 10:10, 9 August 2009 (UTC)[reply]
Done at least for the Algorithms section. (Note the citations).
---- CharlesGillingham (talk) 01:18, 18 October 2021 (UTC)[reply]
"Friendly AI" Theory
Someone needs to provide substantial secondary/tertiary sources
showing that this concept should be reincluded in the page. Please do
not assume it is a valid concept simply because someone managed to go
unnoticed in making it an article. This issue is independent of those.
Provide strong notable sources that cover the technical theory itself
and show its definite impact to be included in the
history/overview/outline of artificial intelligence. --☯Lightbound☯
talk 19:59, 30 March 2014 (UTC)[reply]
Quick explanation of Wikipedia outlines
"Outline" is short for "hierarchical outline". There are two types of
outlines: sentence outlines (like those you made in school to plan a
paper), and topic outlines (like the topical synopses that professors
hand out at the beginning of a college course). Outlines on Wikipedia
are primarily topic outlines that serve 2 main purposes: they provide
taxonomical classification of subjects showing what topics belong to a
subject and how they are related to each other (via their placement in
the tree structure), and as subject-based tables of contents linked to
topics in the encyclopedia. The hierarchy is maintained through the
use of heading levels and indented bullets. See Wikipedia:Outlines for
a more in-depth explanation. The Transhumanist 00:03, 9 August 2015
(UTC)[reply]
Merge from Computational Tools for artificial intelligence
I have merged the article computational tools for artificial
intelligence and done some cleanup and organization. ----
CharlesGillingham (talk) 01:16, 18 October 2021 (UTC)[reply]
Categories:
Start-Class Computing articles
Low-importance Computing articles
All Computing articles
Start-Class Computer science articles
High-importance Computer science articles
WikiProject Computer science articles
Start-Class Outlines articles
Low-importance Outlines articles
WikiProject Outlines articles
This page was last edited on 2 February 2023, at 16:25 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0; additional terms may apply. By
using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation,
Inc., a non-profit organization.
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