WIRED: How Underground Fiber Optics Spy on Humans Moving Above

[grarpamp]

On 6/28/21, jim bell <jdb10987 at yahoo.com> wrote:
> WIRED: How Underground Fiber Optics Spy on Humans Moving Above.
> https://www.wired.com/story/how-underground-fiber-optics-spy-on-humans-moving-above

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iDnJ7F7NWE Heavyweight Acoustic
Dispersal System HADS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEqiLFSSlLE Low Vibes

https://i.redd.it/bltym8yfjb831.png
https://i.imgur.com/ub2rrXvh.jpg

Tyler replied that the caterpillar would be mistaken for whales
humping, or "some other seismic anomaly". This is almost certainly
what led Ryan to put "two and two together" on the aircraft carrier,
and deduce that the "magma displacement" that the USS Dallas was
waiting for at the end of Red Route One could actually be the Red
October.


This is page 6 of a 20 January 1959 memo from Chief, Bureau of Ships
to the Chief of Naval Operations entitled, "Nuclear Powered
Submarines, Quieting of (U)." The memo gives the quieting measures
applied to the Skipjack and Thresher class SSNs, as well as quieting
methods that are in the research and development stage. These were,

    a) Development of flexible steam and exhaust connections and
flexible couplings to permit sound isolation mounting of main and
auxiliary machinery.

    b) Development of advanced design propulsion machinery to
eliminate reduction gears and reduce turbine noise.

    c) Development of improved structural damping techniques and materials.

    d) Development of fluid acoustic filters to reduce piping flow noise.

    e) Development of ejector assisted scoop circulating systems to
eliminate main circulating pumps.

    f) Development of improved high impedance tubular subbases and
improved noise isolation mounting techniques, such as compound
mounting.

    g) Development of quieter conventional machinery through redesign
and more stringent manufacturing specifications.

    h) Development of inherently quiet machinery having few or no
moving parts, such as thermo-electric generators, electrostatic
blowers, magneto-hydrodynamic pumps and propulsion systems, absorption
and thermo-electric type air conditioning and refrigeration.

    i) Research into structural mechanics to reduce the amount of
acoustic energy being transmitted into the water.

    j) Research into the mechanisms of hydrodynamic noise to reduce
sonar interference and piping noise

    k) Research into the mechanisms of generation, radiation, and
propagation of blade-rate and other associated propeller excited
noise.

    l) Research into mechanisms controlling void resonances, such as
ballast tanks to the extent that they are a source of radiated noise.

a) was essential for the sound isolation rafts used on the Thresher,
Ethan Allen, and all future U.S. nuclear submarines.

b) appears to refer to direct-drive turbines (used on the Jack and
Narwhal), high power turboelectric drive (as installed on the Glenard
P. Lipscomb; the Tullibee's low power turboelectric drive was already
being built at the time of the memo), and possibly more exotic
solutions such as hydraulic torque converters.

e) is the origin of the Narwhal's main seawater intake scoop. The
British used this on the Swiftsure, Trafalgar, and Astute SSNs
(possibly as a result of U.S. research), and the Soviets developed it
independently in the late 1960s.

k) would result several years later in the adoption of seven-bladed
skewback screws.

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What about item (h)?

To me, it seems that the farthest a magnetohydrodynamic drive ever got
was probably model tests (and in reality it probably never left the
engineer's notebooks). Put simply, an MHD drive is a linear electric
motor which moves seawater instead of magnets. Electrodes pump current
into the water, and magnets accelerate that charged water with magnets
via the Lorentz force.

While it is true that magnetohydrodynamic drives have no moving parts,
they have many disadvantages. The most serious is low efficiency. As
you increase the current of electricity flowing into the seawater to
get more power, more energy will go into heating and electrolizing the
water (i.e. breaking into hydrogen and oxygen). Thus there is a
maximum practical limit to the amount of current put into an MHD
drive. And while you can also boost magnetic field strength to
increase power, each additional amp of current to the electromagnets
costs more in money, volume, and weight. In summary, it is not
suitable for large-scale applications like submarine main propulsion.
It is apparently not particularly quiet when used on large scales,
which negates it purpose entirely.

However, it may be useful for smaller-scale applications, such the
myriad of pumps used in nuclear submarines. Item (h) seems to imply
that with the partial exception of MHD, all of the exotic technologies
listed are for relatively small-scale components such as air
conditioning plants and pumps. This makes a lot more sense than using
MHD for a full-size propulsion system.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How did Red October get the idea?

According to a friend who knew Tom Clancy, Clancy's inspiration for
the Caterpillar Drive was the pod on the rudder of the Soviet Victor
III. There was speculation that it could be some form of auxiliary
propulsion system, perhaps an MHD drive, although we now know that it
was a container for a thin-line towed sonar array. Clancy's conception
of the Caterpillar Drive was not as an MHD drive, rather a long tunnel
with multiple stages of rotors, essentially a super-long pumpjet.

The movie changed the Caterpillar Drive to use MHD propulsion,
possibly as a result of this article about the Soviet towed array pod.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Underwater Sonar Test Ranges

Mostly unrelated to above, but I found it interesting.

Later, the memo discusses creating an underwater sound range for
researching submarine noise,

    Current investigations indicate that an area in the Bahama Island
Group called Tongue of the Ocean possesses the requisite acoustic and
other properties to fulfill this need.

A few years later, in collaboration with the British, the U.S. Navy
built the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) near
the Tongue of the Ocean. The much shallower Carr Inlet in Puget Sound
was put forward as a possible range in the Pacific for additional
research, although its depth would not allow for studies into
low-frequency noise. Presumably this also led to the acoustic research
conducted at Lake Pend Orielle in Idaho.

The memo also recommends that the Albacore and Nautilus be used for
noise-reduction research. Neither of these submarines was similar in
structure to the submarines then in production, but BuShips suggested
that the Albacore might suffice if modified. I would guess that the
need for a submarine similar in structure resulted in the large scale
models tested in Lake Pend Oreille. The first of these was the
Kamloops, a 1/4 scale Sturgeon-class submarine, completed in 1967.
Later, the Kokanee (LVS-1) and Cutthroat (LSV-2) would be used to
research quieting for the Seawolf and Virginia.