Overlay Networks: Research Improvements and Attacks [was: planetlab butterfly relays]

[grarpamp]

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https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=808271
FOLLOW THE SILK ROAD: HOW INTERNET AFFORDANCES INFLUENCE
       AND TRANSFORM CRIME AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
                               Ryan D. Jerde
        Supervisory Special Agent, Homeland Security Investigations
             B.A., Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1992
                   Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
                       requirements for the degree of
             MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY STUDIES
              (HOMELAND SECURITY AND DEFENSE)
                                 from the
                 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
                              December 2017
Cohort NCR1603/1604

                                     ABSTRACT
       A new category of crime has emerged in the border environment
that is disrupting
criminal typology. This new "hybrid" category intermixes physical and
digital elements
in ways not possible in the past. Internet technologies are
facilitating this criminal
evolution by affording perpetrators anonymity, efficiency, and
distance. New criminal
uses of the Internet have resulted in investigative challenges for law
enforcement,
especially concerning the illegal movement of people and goods.
       This thesis mapped the evolution of hybrid crime using cases
from the Silk Road
and Silk Road 2.0, viewed through the lenses of stigmergy and
affordance theory. While
the research identifies challenges for law enforcement, it also
uncovers methods for
countering hybrid crime. I found that while criminals are
opportunistic in perceiving new
affordances to commit crime, law enforcement can be equally capable of
countering them
by removing technological barriers. Law enforcement can break down
these barriers by
changing mindsets, implementing smart enforcement, and relying on expertise from
public-private partnerships.



https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=811431
ENTERING THE MATRIX: THE CHALLENGE OF REGULATING RADICAL
                   LEVELING TECHNOLOGIES
                             Jennifer J. Snow
                     Major, United States Air Force
                    B.S., Salisbury University, 1996
            B.S., University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 1996
                    B.A., Salisbury University, 2001
               M.A., American Military University, 2008
                  Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
                     requirements for the degree of
          MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DEFENSE ANALYSIS
                                 from the
                NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
                             December 2015
Defense Technical Information Center DTIC

                                     ABSTRACT
        Radical Leveling Technologies (RLT) constitute a new class of
technologies that
have exponential disruptive effects across a diverse set of societal
processes resulting in
radical change. This emerging class has profound leveling effects.
Users can leverage
RLT to produce national or international impacts without the need for
significant
technological expertise. These effects may occur via digital diffusion
and without the
need for extensive infrastructure. RLT are being driven by the power
and expertise of
online Open Source Communities. The ability of existing policy and enforcement
methods to regulate this class of technology successfully,
particularly within the
counterproliferation space, suggests that a paradigm change is
necessary. A spectrum of
potential solutions is considered which advocates for collaborative
efforts vice "hard
policing" measures to engage online communities while also providing
options to build
additional security capacity within the government and law enforcement
communities.
Capacity can be gained via unconventional means including the use of
cyber bounties,
cyber privateering, hybrid fusion centers, and decentralized
autonomous technology
teams to improve support to existing special operations efforts,
particularly within the
counterproliferation mission set.