NIST - Cybersecurity in a Post-Quantum World

[Polity News]

"The advent of practical quantum computing will break all commonly used
public key cryptographic algorithms. In response, NIST is researching
cryptographic algorithms for public key-based key agreement and digital
signatures that are not susceptible to cryptanalysis by quantum
algorithms." - NIST.

http://www.nist.gov/itl/csd/ct/post-quantum-crypto-workshop-2015.cfm

Workshop April 2-3, 2015 at NIST campus in Gaithersburg, Maryland (near DC).

my questions -

What deciphering and decryption capabilities does the US government
already have?

How long until encryption we use today becomes obsolete? Is it already
obsolete?

Will there be a situation where the US government and large corporations
have quantum computers capable of deciphering today's encryption
standards, but average consumers would not have access to quantum
encryption? What would the impact be on mass surveillance and privacy
concerns?