CDR: WWII biowarfare
anonymous at openpgp.net
anonymous at openpgp.net
Wed Nov 15 16:11:40 PST 2000
Soldier Testifies on Germ Warfare
By MARI YAMAGUCHI, Associated Press Writer
TOKYO--Yoshio Shinozuka is still haunted by the ghoulish experiments he
helped carry out on captured Chinese civilians and soldiers as part of Japans
top-secret biological warfare program during World War II.
The Japanese military performed vivisections without anesthesia in northern
China, casually referring to the people as "logs," the veteran recalled Wednesday
in Tokyo District Court.
"I remember using the word as we compared how many logs we cut that day
with other unit members," he said.
Though Shinozuka, 77, has spoken out before about his role, his testimony
makes him the first member of the notorious Unit 731 to detail Japans biological
warfare activities for the legal record. He was called as a witness for nearly 180
Chinese suing the Japanese government for compensation and an apology for the
deaths of family members allegedly killed by the unit.
Shinozuka testified about participating in the mass production of cholera,
dysentery and typhoid germs at the units base in the city of Harbin in the early
1940s. He said he was often told to help out departments that needed to boost
germ production for upcoming deployments, including the 1939 Nomonhan clash
with Soviet troops near Mongolia and several other germ bombing attacks in
southern China in the 1940s.
He said that just before the Nomonhan attack, he was responsible for
transferring dysentery and typhoid germs from test tubes to bigger jars, packing
them into barrels, sealing them and taking them to a night train for the attack.
Several unit members died after contracting typhoid.
Shinozuka said he is still bothered by the vivisections, or surgical experiments
on living people.
"I committed all these war crimes because I was ordered to do so," he said.
"The government should try to learn about the victims. I really think its time for
Japan to face this issue with humanitarian consideration."
Shinozuka said the unit members were prohibited from disclosing to outsiders
what happened inside the unit. Notes and other written instructions were all
collected afterward.
Former Unit 731 pilot Shoichi Matsumoto told the court later Wednesday that
he spread plague-infected fleas from an airplane over Hangzhou in 1940 and
Nanjing in 1941.
Matsumoto told the court he carried healthy rats from a Tokyo suburb to
Harbin to get them infected with bubonic plague. He also flew to Singapore and
Java with the rats.
The two veterans were testifying in the case, filed in 1997, that say at least
2,100 people were killed in the experiments. The trial is expected to continue for
several more months.
Although some Japanese veterans such as Shinozuka have come forward in
recent years and confessed to war crimes, the Japanese government has resisted
making official apologies to China.
Several years ago -after decades of denial -Tokyo finally acknowledged that
Unit 731 existed. But it has refused to confirm the extent of its activities.
Japanese textbooks too often present only brief, perfunctory accounts of the
nations aggression in East Asia from the mid-1930s until the wars end in 1945.
Shinozuka said one of his reasons for testifying was disappointment with the
governments efforts to come clean about the war, and said he was deeply sorry
for his actions.
"What I have done was something that nobody should have done as a human
being," he said. "I cannot escape that responsibility."
http://www.latimes.com/wires/20001115/tCB00V0223.html
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