Yep, and much of the counterespionage. At 02:00 PM 9/12/2019, you wrote:

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ On Thursday, September 12, 2019 5:50 PM, coderman <coderman@protonmail.com> wrote:

...

... In some cases, the device might force every phone in range to drop to a 2G connection. This may still allow 911 calls to take place, but almost any other form of communication will be impossible as long as the Stingray is in use.

i haven't seen this brought up before, but Stingray type devices** are also used in extra-judicial "disruption strategies", where a target's communications are denied and interfered with.

See also:

https://www.byline.com/column/69/article/1696 """ Disruption strategies are to be implemented, according to the guidance document, when sufficient evidence is lacking that someone is a threat; when agents do not have the grounds to continue an actual investigation according to internal guidelines; and when there is no way to bring formal criminal charges against an individual. ... According to the FBI's own internal guidelines in Section IV(V), a “Disruption Strategy” may be implemented when the investigation has closed, when the threat is over, and essentially, when there are no more legal, investigatory or constitutional means of continuing the investigation.

Disruption, then, seems to be a last resort used when the FBI's investigations lead to a dead-end. And it is a strategy to be deployed even when there is no threat. """

and: """ Requests, orders, configuration requirements, technical manuals and any other responsive materials regarding "lawful intercept" of cellular communications, specifically LTE, CDMA, or GSM communications, requesting specific service levels during intercept, including "baud rate match" terminology, "channel rate match", "CBR-channel", "Fixed-bandwidth channel", and "Constant rate channel" terms indicating override of default network operator capacity provisioning during content collection. Specific requested rates or channel capacities include "0.5G", "1/2G", "half-G", "1.5G", "GPRS", "1xRTT", or "SMS-Only" service capacities. Records requested under any authority in scope of this request - focus is on technology rather than statutory authorization enabling collection. """ - https://www.muckrock.com/foi/united-states-of-america-10/degradedowngradedua...

chickens coming home to roost...

best regards,